A quantitative meta-analysis of olfactory dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment
BackgroundThe connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may signal declines in functions associated with dementia. The aim of the present comprehensive meta-analysis was to investigate the nature of ol...
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| Vydané v: | Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry Ročník 88; číslo 3; s. 226 - 232 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group LTD
01.03.2017
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| ISSN: | 0022-3050, 1468-330X |
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| Abstract | BackgroundThe connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may signal declines in functions associated with dementia. The aim of the present comprehensive meta-analysis was to investigate the nature of olfactory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsArticles were identified through computerised literature search from inception to 30 June 2016 using PubMed, MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases. In order to control for differences in sample size during effect size computation, studies were weighted according to their inverse variance estimates.Results31 articles (62 effects) were identified, which included 1993 MCI patients and 2861 healthy older adults (HOA). Included studies contrasted odour identification, discrimination, detection threshold and/or memory between cases and controls. Moderate to large and heterogeneous effects were seen for olfactory deficits in MCI relative to HOA (d=−0.76, 95% CI −0.87<δ<−0.64). Moderator analysis revealed that tests of odour identification yielded larger effect sizes than those of odour detection threshold or memory. In addition, a potential interaction between age and sex was observed, with male patients carrying a larger burden of olfactory deficit and older female patients performing better on olfactory tests.Conclusions and relevanceOlfactory deficits are present and robust in MCI. Odour identification is most impaired in MCI, which parallels the most prominent sensory deficit seen in AD. As such, a simple-to-administer test of odour identification warrants inclusion in the screening of individuals at risk for developing AD. |
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| AbstractList | BACKGROUNDThe connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may signal declines in functions associated with dementia. The aim of the present comprehensive meta-analysis was to investigate the nature of olfactory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).METHODSArticles were identified through computerised literature search from inception to 30 June 2016 using PubMed, MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases. In order to control for differences in sample size during effect size computation, studies were weighted according to their inverse variance estimates.RESULTS31 articles (62 effects) were identified, which included 1993 MCI patients and 2861 healthy older adults (HOA). Included studies contrasted odour identification, discrimination, detection threshold and/or memory between cases and controls. Moderate to large and heterogeneous effects were seen for olfactory deficits in MCI relative to HOA (d=-0.76, 95% CI -0.87<δ<-0.64). Moderator analysis revealed that tests of odour identification yielded larger effect sizes than those of odour detection threshold or memory. In addition, a potential interaction between age and sex was observed, with male patients carrying a larger burden of olfactory deficit and older female patients performing better on olfactory tests.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEOlfactory deficits are present and robust in MCI. Odour identification is most impaired in MCI, which parallels the most prominent sensory deficit seen in AD. As such, a simple-to-administer test of odour identification warrants inclusion in the screening of individuals at risk for developing AD. The connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may signal declines in functions associated with dementia. The aim of the present comprehensive meta-analysis was to investigate the nature of olfactory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Articles were identified through computerised literature search from inception to 30 June 2016 using PubMed, MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases. In order to control for differences in sample size during effect size computation, studies were weighted according to their inverse variance estimates. 31 articles (62 effects) were identified, which included 1993 MCI patients and 2861 healthy older adults (HOA). Included studies contrasted odour identification, discrimination, detection threshold and/or memory between cases and controls. Moderate to large and heterogeneous effects were seen for olfactory deficits in MCI relative to HOA (d=-0.76, 95% CI -0.87<δ<-0.64). Moderator analysis revealed that tests of odour identification yielded larger effect sizes than those of odour detection threshold or memory. In addition, a potential interaction between age and sex was observed, with male patients carrying a larger burden of olfactory deficit and older female patients performing better on olfactory tests. Olfactory deficits are present and robust in MCI. Odour identification is most impaired in MCI, which parallels the most prominent sensory deficit seen in AD. As such, a simple-to-administer test of odour identification warrants inclusion in the screening of individuals at risk for developing AD. BackgroundThe connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may signal declines in functions associated with dementia. The aim of the present comprehensive meta-analysis was to investigate the nature of olfactory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsArticles were identified through computerised literature search from inception to 30 June 2016 using PubMed, MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases. In order to control for differences in sample size during effect size computation, studies were weighted according to their inverse variance estimates.Results31 articles (62 effects) were identified, which included 1993 MCI patients and 2861 healthy older adults (HOA). Included studies contrasted odour identification, discrimination, detection threshold and/or memory between cases and controls. Moderate to large and heterogeneous effects were seen for olfactory deficits in MCI relative to HOA (d=-0.76, 95% CI -0.87< delta <-0.64). Moderator analysis revealed that tests of odour identification yielded larger effect sizes than those of odour detection threshold or memory. In addition, a potential interaction between age and sex was observed, with male patients carrying a larger burden of olfactory deficit and older female patients performing better on olfactory tests.Conclusions and relevanceOlfactory deficits are present and robust in MCI. Odour identification is most impaired in MCI, which parallels the most prominent sensory deficit seen in AD. As such, a simple-to-administer test of odour identification warrants inclusion in the screening of individuals at risk for developing AD. BackgroundThe connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may signal declines in functions associated with dementia. The aim of the present comprehensive meta-analysis was to investigate the nature of olfactory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsArticles were identified through computerised literature search from inception to 30 June 2016 using PubMed, MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases. In order to control for differences in sample size during effect size computation, studies were weighted according to their inverse variance estimates.Results31 articles (62 effects) were identified, which included 1993 MCI patients and 2861 healthy older adults (HOA). Included studies contrasted odour identification, discrimination, detection threshold and/or memory between cases and controls. Moderate to large and heterogeneous effects were seen for olfactory deficits in MCI relative to HOA (d=−0.76, 95% CI −0.87<δ<−0.64). Moderator analysis revealed that tests of odour identification yielded larger effect sizes than those of odour detection threshold or memory. In addition, a potential interaction between age and sex was observed, with male patients carrying a larger burden of olfactory deficit and older female patients performing better on olfactory tests.Conclusions and relevanceOlfactory deficits are present and robust in MCI. Odour identification is most impaired in MCI, which parallels the most prominent sensory deficit seen in AD. As such, a simple-to-administer test of odour identification warrants inclusion in the screening of individuals at risk for developing AD. Background The connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may signal declines in functions associated with dementia. The aim of the present comprehensive meta-analysis was to investigate the nature of olfactory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Articles were identified through computerised literature search from inception to 30 June 2016 using PubMed, MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases. In order to control for differences in sample size during effect size computation, studies were weighted according to their inverse variance estimates. Results 31 articles (62 effects) were identified, which included 1993 MCI patients and 2861 healthy older adults (HOA). Included studies contrasted odour identification, discrimination, detection threshold and/or memory between cases and controls. Moderate to large and heterogeneous effects were seen for olfactory deficits in MCI relative to HOA (d=-0.76, 95% CI -0.87<δ<-0.64). Moderator analysis revealed that tests of odour identification yielded larger effect sizes than those of odour detection threshold or memory. In addition, a potential interaction between age and sex was observed, with male patients carrying a larger burden of olfactory deficit and older female patients performing better on olfactory tests. Conclusions and relevance Olfactory deficits are present and robust in MCI. Odour identification is most impaired in MCI, which parallels the most prominent sensory deficit seen in AD. As such, a simple-to-administer test of odour identification warrants inclusion in the screening of individuals at risk for developing AD. |
| Author | Brennan, Laura Kabadi, Sushila Moberg, Madelyn J Wolk, David A Turetsky, Bruce I Moberg, Paul J Roalf, David R |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Neurology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 3 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Neurology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – name: 3 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – name: 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: David R surname: Roalf fullname: Roalf, David R email: roalf@upenn.edu organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Madelyn J surname: Moberg fullname: Moberg, Madelyn J email: roalf@upenn.edu organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Bruce I surname: Turetsky fullname: Turetsky, Bruce I email: roalf@upenn.edu organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Laura surname: Brennan fullname: Brennan, Laura email: roalf@upenn.edu organization: Department of Neurology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Sushila surname: Kabadi fullname: Kabadi, Sushila email: roalf@upenn.edu organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: David A surname: Wolk fullname: Wolk, David A email: roalf@upenn.edu organization: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Paul J surname: Moberg fullname: Moberg, Paul J email: roalf@upenn.edu organization: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28039318$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | BackgroundThe connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may... The connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may signal declines... Background The connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may... BACKGROUNDThe connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and olfactory deficits is well documented and further, alterations in olfactory functioning may... |
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| SubjectTerms | Cognitive Dysfunction - complications Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology Disease Progression Humans Olfaction Disorders - diagnosis Sex Factors Smell - physiology Systematic review |
| Title | A quantitative meta-analysis of olfactory dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment |
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