What influences people’s responses to public health messages for managing risks and preventing infectious diseases? A rapid systematic review of the evidence and recommendations

BackgroundIndividual behaviour changes, such as hand hygiene and physical distancing, are required on a population scale to reduce transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, little is known about effective methods of communicating risk reducing information, and how populations mi...

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Vydáno v:BMJ open Ročník 11; číslo 11; s. e048750
Hlavní autoři: Ghio, Daniela, Lawes-Wickwar, Sadie, Tang, Mei Yee, Epton, Tracy, Howlett, Neil, Jenkinson, Elizabeth, Stanescu, Sabina, Westbrook, Juliette, Kassianos, Angelos P, Watson, Daniella, Sutherland, Lisa, Stanulewicz, Natalia, Guest, Ella, Scanlan, Daniel, Carr, Natalie, Chater, Angel, Hotham, Sarah, Thorneloe, Rachael, Armitage, Christopher J., Arden, Madelynne, Hart, Jo, Byrne-Davis, Lucie, Keyworth, Christopher
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London British Medical Journal Publishing Group 11.11.2021
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
BMJ Publishing Group
Edice:Original research
Témata:
Community involvement
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Disease spread
Disease transmission
Epidemics
Health risks
Heterogeneity
infection control
Infectious diseases
Pandemics
Public Health
Social responsibility
Systematic review
ISSN:2044-6055, 2044-6055
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Popis
Shrnutí:BackgroundIndividual behaviour changes, such as hand hygiene and physical distancing, are required on a population scale to reduce transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, little is known about effective methods of communicating risk reducing information, and how populations might respond.ObjectiveTo synthesise evidence relating to what (1) characterises effective public health messages for managing risk and preventing infectious disease and (2) influences people’s responses to messages.DesignA rapid systematic review was conducted. Protocol is published on Prospero CRD42020188704.Data sourcesElectronic databases were searched: Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO and Healthevidence.org, and grey literature (PsyarXiv, OSF Preprints) up to May 2020.Study selectionAll study designs that (1) evaluated public health messaging interventions targeted at adults and (2) concerned a communicable disease spread via primary route of transmission of respiratory and/or touch were included. Outcomes included preventative behaviours, perceptions/awareness and intentions. Non-English language papers were excluded.SynthesisDue to high heterogeneity studies were synthesised narratively focusing on determinants of intentions in the absence of measured adherence/preventative behaviours. Themes were developed independently by two researchers and discussed within team to reach consensus. Recommendations were translated from narrative synthesis to provide evidence-based methods in providing effective messaging.ResultsSixty-eight eligible papers were identified. Characteristics of effective messaging include delivery by credible sources, community engagement, increasing awareness/knowledge, mapping to stage of epidemic/pandemic. To influence intent effectively, public health messages need to be acceptable, increase understanding/perceptions of health threat and perceived susceptibility.DiscussionThere are four key recommendations: (1) engage communities in development of messaging, (2) address uncertainty immediately and with transparency, (3) focus on unifying messages from sources and (4) frame messages aimed at increasing understanding, social responsibility and personal control. Embedding principles of behavioural science into public health messaging is an important step towards more effective health-risk communication during epidemics/pandemics.
Bibliografie:Original research
ObjectType-Article-1
ObjectType-Evidence Based Healthcare-3
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ObjectType-Undefined-3
ISSN:2044-6055
2044-6055
DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048750