Effectiveness of face masks used to protect Beijing residents against particulate air pollution

ObjectivesMany residents in Beijing use disposable face masks in an attempt to protect their health from high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. Retail masks may be certified to local or international standards, but their real-life performance may not confer the exposure reduction potential tha...

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Vydáno v:Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England) Ročník 75; číslo 6; s. 446 - 452
Hlavní autoři: Cherrie, John W, Apsley, Andrew, Cowie, Hilary, Steinle, Susanne, Mueller, William, Lin, Chun, Horwell, Claire J, Sleeuwenhoek, Anne, Loh, Miranda
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England BMJ 01.06.2018
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
BMJ Publishing Group
Edice:Original article
Témata:
Aerosols
Air pollution
Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data
Airborne sensing
Beijing
Black carbon
Blood pressure
Consumers
Diesel
Diesel engines
Efficiency
Environment
Face
Flow rates
Flow velocity
Heart rate
Humans
Inhalation Exposure - prevention & control
Inhalation Exposure - statistics & numerical data
International standards
Mannequins
Masks
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Particle size
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Particulate Matter - analysis
Protective Clothing
Quality standards
Studies
Vehicle Emissions - analysis
Beijing
Beijing China
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
China
pm10-pm2.5-ultrafine
air pollution
exposure assessment
ppe
diesel fumes
ISSN:1351-0711, 1470-7926, 1470-7926
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Shrnutí:ObjectivesMany residents in Beijing use disposable face masks in an attempt to protect their health from high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. Retail masks may be certified to local or international standards, but their real-life performance may not confer the exposure reduction potential that is marketed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of face masks that are commercially available in China.MethodsNine masks claiming protection against fine PM (PM2.5) were purchased from consumer outlets in Beijing. The masks’ filtration efficiency was tested by drawing airborne diesel exhaust through a section of the material and measuring the PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) concentrations upstream and downstream of the filtering medium. Four masks were selected for testing on volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to diesel exhaust inside an experimental chamber while performing sedentary tasks and active tasks. BC concentrations were continuously monitored inside and outside the mask.ResultsThe mean per cent penetration for each mask material ranged from 0.26% to 29%, depending on the flow rate and mask material. In the volunteer tests, the average total inward leakage (TIL) of BC ranged from 3% to 68% in the sedentary tests and from 7% to 66% in the active tests. Only one mask type tested showed an average TIL of less than 10%, under both test conditions.ConclusionsMany commercially available face masks may not provide adequate protection, primarily due to poor facial fit. Our results indicate that further attention should be given to mask design and providing evidence-based guidance to consumers.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:1351-0711
1470-7926
1470-7926
DOI:10.1136/oemed-2017-104765