Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study

AbstractObjectiveTo assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.DesignPooled population based cohort study.SettingFramingham Heart Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Participants24...

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Published in:BMJ (Online) Vol. 372; p. n461
Main Authors: Tromp, Jasper, Paniagua, Samantha M A, Lau, Emily S, Allen, Norrina B, Blaha, Michael J, Gansevoort, Ron T, Hillege, Hans L, Lee, Douglas E, Levy, Daniel, Vasan, Ramachandran S, van der Harst, Pim, van Gilst, Wiek H, Larson, Martin G, Shah, Sanjiv J, de Boer, Rudolf A, Lam, Carolyn S P, Ho, Jennifer E
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England British Medical Journal Publishing Group 23.03.2021
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Subjects:
Adult
Age
Age differences
Age Factors
Age groups
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antihypertensives
Arteriosclerosis
Blood pressure
Body mass index
Cardiac arrhythmia
Cohort analysis
Congestive heart failure
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Ejection fraction
End-stage renal disease
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Heart attacks
Heart failure
Heart Failure - epidemiology
Heart Failure - etiology
Humans
Hypertension
Incidence
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Kidney diseases
Male
Middle age
Middle Aged
Myocardial infarction
Population
Population studies
Population-based studies
Proportional Hazards Models
Risk Factors
Smoking
United States - epidemiology
Variables
United States
ISSN:1756-1833, 0959-8138, 1756-1833
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Abstract AbstractObjectiveTo assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.DesignPooled population based cohort study.SettingFramingham Heart Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Participants24 675 participants without a history of heart failure stratified by age into young (<55 years; n=11 599), middle aged (55-64 years; n=5587), old (65-74 years; n=5190), and elderly (≥75 years; n=2299) individuals.Main outcome measureIncident heart failure.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 138/11 599 (1%), 293/5587 (5%), 538/5190 (10%), and 412/2299 (18%) of young, middle aged, old, and elderly participants, respectively, developed heart failure. In young participants, 32% (n=44) of heart failure cases were classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with 43% (n=179) in elderly participants. Risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, current smoking history, and previous myocardial infarction conferred greater relative risk in younger compared with older participants (P for interaction <0.05 for all). For example, hypertension was associated with a threefold increase in risk of future heart failure in young participants (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 2.10 to 4.34; P<0.001) compared with a 1.4-fold risk in elderly participants (1.43, 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003). The absolute risk for developing heart failure was lower in younger than in older participants with and without risk factors. Importantly, known risk factors explained a greater proportion of overall population attributable risk for heart failure in young participants (75% v 53% in elderly participants), with better model performance (C index 0.79 v 0.64). Similarly, the population attributable risks of obesity (21% v 13%), hypertension (35% v 23%), diabetes (14% v 7%), and current smoking (32% v 1%) were higher in young compared with elderly participants.ConclusionsDespite a lower incidence and absolute risk of heart failure among younger compared with older people, the stronger association and greater attributable risk of modifiable risk factors among young participants highlight the importance of preventive efforts across the adult life course.
AbstractList To assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population. Pooled population based cohort study. Framingham Heart Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. 24 675 participants without a history of heart failure stratified by age into young (<55 years; n=11 599), middle aged (55-64 years; n=5587), old (65-74 years; n=5190), and elderly (≥75 years; n=2299) individuals. Incident heart failure. Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 138/11 599 (1%), 293/5587 (5%), 538/5190 (10%), and 412/2299 (18%) of young, middle aged, old, and elderly participants, respectively, developed heart failure. In young participants, 32% (n=44) of heart failure cases were classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with 43% (n=179) in elderly participants. Risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, current smoking history, and previous myocardial infarction conferred greater relative risk in younger compared with older participants (P for interaction <0.05 for all). For example, hypertension was associated with a threefold increase in risk of future heart failure in young participants (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 2.10 to 4.34; P<0.001) compared with a 1.4-fold risk in elderly participants (1.43, 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003). The absolute risk for developing heart failure was lower in younger than in older participants with and without risk factors. Importantly, known risk factors explained a greater proportion of overall population attributable risk for heart failure in young participants (75% 53% in elderly participants), with better model performance (C index 0.79 0.64). Similarly, the population attributable risks of obesity (21% 13%), hypertension (35% 23%), diabetes (14% 7%), and current smoking (32% 1%) were higher in young compared with elderly participants. Despite a lower incidence and absolute risk of heart failure among younger compared with older people, the stronger association and greater attributable risk of modifiable risk factors among young participants highlight the importance of preventive efforts across the adult life course.
AbstractObjectiveTo assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.DesignPooled population based cohort study.SettingFramingham Heart Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Participants24 675 participants without a history of heart failure stratified by age into young (<55 years; n=11 599), middle aged (55-64 years; n=5587), old (65-74 years; n=5190), and elderly (≥75 years; n=2299) individuals.Main outcome measureIncident heart failure.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 138/11 599 (1%), 293/5587 (5%), 538/5190 (10%), and 412/2299 (18%) of young, middle aged, old, and elderly participants, respectively, developed heart failure. In young participants, 32% (n=44) of heart failure cases were classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with 43% (n=179) in elderly participants. Risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, current smoking history, and previous myocardial infarction conferred greater relative risk in younger compared with older participants (P for interaction <0.05 for all). For example, hypertension was associated with a threefold increase in risk of future heart failure in young participants (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 2.10 to 4.34; P<0.001) compared with a 1.4-fold risk in elderly participants (1.43, 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003). The absolute risk for developing heart failure was lower in younger than in older participants with and without risk factors. Importantly, known risk factors explained a greater proportion of overall population attributable risk for heart failure in young participants (75% v 53% in elderly participants), with better model performance (C index 0.79 v 0.64). Similarly, the population attributable risks of obesity (21% v 13%), hypertension (35% v 23%), diabetes (14% v 7%), and current smoking (32% v 1%) were higher in young compared with elderly participants.ConclusionsDespite a lower incidence and absolute risk of heart failure among younger compared with older people, the stronger association and greater attributable risk of modifiable risk factors among young participants highlight the importance of preventive efforts across the adult life course.
ObjectiveTo assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.DesignPooled population based cohort study.SettingFramingham Heart Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Participants24 675 participants without a history of heart failure stratified by age into young (<55 years; n=11 599), middle aged (55-64 years; n=5587), old (65-74 years; n=5190), and elderly (≥75 years; n=2299) individuals.Main outcome measureIncident heart failure.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 138/11 599 (1%), 293/5587 (5%), 538/5190 (10%), and 412/2299 (18%) of young, middle aged, old, and elderly participants, respectively, developed heart failure. In young participants, 32% (n=44) of heart failure cases were classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with 43% (n=179) in elderly participants. Risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, current smoking history, and previous myocardial infarction conferred greater relative risk in younger compared with older participants (P for interaction <0.05 for all). For example, hypertension was associated with a threefold increase in risk of future heart failure in young participants (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 2.10 to 4.34; P<0.001) compared with a 1.4-fold risk in elderly participants (1.43, 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003). The absolute risk for developing heart failure was lower in younger than in older participants with and without risk factors. Importantly, known risk factors explained a greater proportion of overall population attributable risk for heart failure in young participants (75% v 53% in elderly participants), with better model performance (C index 0.79 v 0.64). Similarly, the population attributable risks of obesity (21% v 13%), hypertension (35% v 23%), diabetes (14% v 7%), and current smoking (32% v 1%) were higher in young compared with elderly participants.ConclusionsDespite a lower incidence and absolute risk of heart failure among younger compared with older people, the stronger association and greater attributable risk of modifiable risk factors among young participants highlight the importance of preventive efforts across the adult life course.
To assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.OBJECTIVETo assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.Pooled population based cohort study.DESIGNPooled population based cohort study.Framingham Heart Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.SETTINGFramingham Heart Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.24 675 participants without a history of heart failure stratified by age into young (<55 years; n=11 599), middle aged (55-64 years; n=5587), old (65-74 years; n=5190), and elderly (≥75 years; n=2299) individuals.PARTICIPANTS24 675 participants without a history of heart failure stratified by age into young (<55 years; n=11 599), middle aged (55-64 years; n=5587), old (65-74 years; n=5190), and elderly (≥75 years; n=2299) individuals.Incident heart failure.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREIncident heart failure.Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 138/11 599 (1%), 293/5587 (5%), 538/5190 (10%), and 412/2299 (18%) of young, middle aged, old, and elderly participants, respectively, developed heart failure. In young participants, 32% (n=44) of heart failure cases were classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with 43% (n=179) in elderly participants. Risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, current smoking history, and previous myocardial infarction conferred greater relative risk in younger compared with older participants (P for interaction <0.05 for all). For example, hypertension was associated with a threefold increase in risk of future heart failure in young participants (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 2.10 to 4.34; P<0.001) compared with a 1.4-fold risk in elderly participants (1.43, 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003). The absolute risk for developing heart failure was lower in younger than in older participants with and without risk factors. Importantly, known risk factors explained a greater proportion of overall population attributable risk for heart failure in young participants (75% v 53% in elderly participants), with better model performance (C index 0.79 v 0.64). Similarly, the population attributable risks of obesity (21% v 13%), hypertension (35% v 23%), diabetes (14% v 7%), and current smoking (32% v 1%) were higher in young compared with elderly participants.RESULTSOver a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 138/11 599 (1%), 293/5587 (5%), 538/5190 (10%), and 412/2299 (18%) of young, middle aged, old, and elderly participants, respectively, developed heart failure. In young participants, 32% (n=44) of heart failure cases were classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with 43% (n=179) in elderly participants. Risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, current smoking history, and previous myocardial infarction conferred greater relative risk in younger compared with older participants (P for interaction <0.05 for all). For example, hypertension was associated with a threefold increase in risk of future heart failure in young participants (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 2.10 to 4.34; P<0.001) compared with a 1.4-fold risk in elderly participants (1.43, 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003). The absolute risk for developing heart failure was lower in younger than in older participants with and without risk factors. Importantly, known risk factors explained a greater proportion of overall population attributable risk for heart failure in young participants (75% v 53% in elderly participants), with better model performance (C index 0.79 v 0.64). Similarly, the population attributable risks of obesity (21% v 13%), hypertension (35% v 23%), diabetes (14% v 7%), and current smoking (32% v 1%) were higher in young compared with elderly participants.Despite a lower incidence and absolute risk of heart failure among younger compared with older people, the stronger association and greater attributable risk of modifiable risk factors among young participants highlight the importance of preventive efforts across the adult life course.CONCLUSIONSDespite a lower incidence and absolute risk of heart failure among younger compared with older people, the stronger association and greater attributable risk of modifiable risk factors among young participants highlight the importance of preventive efforts across the adult life course.
Author van der Harst, Pim
Lam, Carolyn S P
Vasan, Ramachandran S
Lau, Emily S
Allen, Norrina B
van Gilst, Wiek H
de Boer, Rudolf A
Tromp, Jasper
Lee, Douglas E
Hillege, Hans L
Shah, Sanjiv J
Levy, Daniel
Larson, Martin G
Ho, Jennifer E
Blaha, Michael J
Gansevoort, Ron T
Paniagua, Samantha M A
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jasper
  surname: Tromp
  fullname: Tromp, Jasper
  organization: Contributed equally
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Samantha M A
  surname: Paniagua
  fullname: Paniagua, Samantha M A
  organization: Contributed equally
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Emily S
  surname: Lau
  fullname: Lau, Emily S
  organization: Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Norrina B
  surname: Allen
  fullname: Allen, Norrina B
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Michael J
  surname: Blaha
  fullname: Blaha, Michael J
  organization: Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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  givenname: Ron T
  surname: Gansevoort
  fullname: Gansevoort, Ron T
  organization: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Hans L
  surname: Hillege
  fullname: Hillege, Hans L
  organization: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Douglas E
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Douglas E
  organization: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Daniel
  surname: Levy
  fullname: Levy, Daniel
  organization: Center for Population Studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Ramachandran S
  surname: Vasan
  fullname: Vasan, Ramachandran S
  organization: Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Pim
  surname: van der Harst
  fullname: van der Harst, Pim
  organization: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Wiek H
  surname: van Gilst
  fullname: van Gilst, Wiek H
  organization: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Martin G
  surname: Larson
  fullname: Larson, Martin G
  organization: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Sanjiv J
  surname: Shah
  fullname: Shah, Sanjiv J
  organization: Contributed equally
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Rudolf A
  surname: de Boer
  fullname: de Boer, Rudolf A
  organization: Contributed equally
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Carolyn S P
  surname: Lam
  fullname: Lam, Carolyn S P
  organization: Contributed equally
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Jennifer E
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7987-4768
  surname: Ho
  fullname: Ho, Jennifer E
  email: jho1@mgh.harvard.edu
  organization: Contributed equally
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33758001$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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10.1001/jama.1996.03530440037034
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Snippet AbstractObjectiveTo assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.DesignPooled population based cohort...
To assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population. Pooled population based cohort study. Framingham Heart Study,...
ObjectiveTo assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.DesignPooled population based cohort...
To assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.OBJECTIVETo assess age differences in risk factors for incident...
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StartPage n461
SubjectTerms Adult
Age
Age differences
Age Factors
Age groups
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antihypertensives
Arteriosclerosis
Blood pressure
Body mass index
Cardiac arrhythmia
Cohort analysis
Congestive heart failure
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Ejection fraction
End-stage renal disease
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Heart attacks
Heart failure
Heart Failure - epidemiology
Heart Failure - etiology
Humans
Hypertension
Incidence
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Kidney diseases
Male
Middle age
Middle Aged
Myocardial infarction
Population
Population studies
Population-based studies
Proportional Hazards Models
Risk Factors
Smoking
United States - epidemiology
Variables
Title Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33758001
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7986583
Volume 372
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