Spikes in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers
Objective To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Methods Data were collected from 28 fast bowlers who completed a total of 43 individual seasons over a 6-year period. Workloads were estimated by summarising...
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| Vydané v: | British journal of sports medicine Ročník 48; číslo 8; s. 708 - 712 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
England
BMJ Publishing Group
01.04.2014
BMJ Publishing Group LTD |
| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 0306-3674, 1473-0480, 1473-0480 |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
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| Abstract | Objective To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Methods Data were collected from 28 fast bowlers who completed a total of 43 individual seasons over a 6-year period. Workloads were estimated by summarising the total number of balls bowled per week (external workload), and by multiplying the session rating of perceived exertion by the session duration (internal workload). One-week data (acute workload), together with 4-week rolling average data (chronic workload), were calculated for external and internal workloads. The size of the acute workload in relation to the chronic workload provided either a negative or positive training-stress balance. Results A negative training-stress balance was associated with an increased risk of injury in the week after exposure, for internal workload (relative risk (RR)=2.2 (CI 1.91 to 2.53), p=0.009), and external workload (RR=2.1 (CI 1.81 to 2.44), p=0.01). Fast bowlers with an internal workload training-stress balance of greater than 200% had a RR of injury of 4.5 (CI 3.43 to 5.90, p=0.009) compared with those with a training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. Fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance of more than 200% had a RR of injury of 3.3 (CI 1.50 to 7.25, p=0.033) in comparison to fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that large increases in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. |
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| AbstractList | To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Data were collected from 28 fast bowlers who completed a total of 43 individual seasons over a 6-year period. Workloads were estimated by summarising the total number of balls bowled per week (external workload), and by multiplying the session rating of perceived exertion by the session duration (internal workload). One-week data (acute workload), together with 4-week rolling average data (chronic workload), were calculated for external and internal workloads. The size of the acute workload in relation to the chronic workload provided either a negative or positive training-stress balance. A negative training-stress balance was associated with an increased risk of injury in the week after exposure, for internal workload (relative risk (RR)=2.2 (CI 1.91 to 2.53), p=0.009), and external workload (RR=2.1 (CI 1.81 to 2.44), p=0.01). Fast bowlers with an internal workload training-stress balance of greater than 200% had a RR of injury of 4.5 (CI 3.43 to 5.90, p=0.009) compared with those with a training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. Fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance of more than 200% had a RR of injury of 3.3 (CI 1.50 to 7.25, p=0.033) in comparison to fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. These findings demonstrate that large increases in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Objective To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Methods Data were collected from 28 fast bowlers who completed a total of 43 individual seasons over a 6-year period. Workloads were estimated by summarising the total number of balls bowled per week (external workload), and by multiplying the session rating of perceived exertion by the session duration (internal workload). One-week data (acute workload), together with 4-week rolling average data (chronic workload), were calculated for external and internal workloads. The size of the acute workload in relation to the chronic workload provided either a negative or positive training-stress balance. Results A negative training-stress balance was associated with an increased risk of injury in the week after exposure, for internal workload (relative risk (RR)=2.2 (CI 1.91 to 2.53), p=0.009), and external workload (RR=2.1 (CI 1.81 to 2.44), p=0.01). Fast bowlers with an internal workload training-stress balance of greater than 200% had a RR of injury of 4.5 (CI 3.43 to 5.90, p=0.009) compared with those with a training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. Fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance of more than 200% had a RR of injury of 3.3 (CI 1.50 to 7.25, p=0.033) in comparison to fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that large increases in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Data were collected from 28 fast bowlers who completed a total of 43 individual seasons over a 6-year period. Workloads were estimated by summarising the total number of balls bowled per week (external workload), and by multiplying the session rating of perceived exertion by the session duration (internal workload). One-week data (acute workload), together with 4-week rolling average data (chronic workload), were calculated for external and internal workloads. The size of the acute workload in relation to the chronic workload provided either a negative or positive training-stress balance. A negative training-stress balance was associated with an increased risk of injury in the week after exposure, for internal workload (relative risk (RR)=2.2 (CI 1.91 to 2.53), p=0.009), and external workload (RR=2.1 (CI 1.81 to 2.44), p=0.01). Fast bowlers with an internal workload training-stress balance of greater than 200% had a RR of injury of 4.5 (CI 3.43 to 5.90, p=0.009) compared with those with a training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. Fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance of more than 200% had a RR of injury of 3.3 (CI 1.50 to 7.25, p=0.033) in comparison to fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. These findings demonstrate that large increases in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers.OBJECTIVETo determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers.Data were collected from 28 fast bowlers who completed a total of 43 individual seasons over a 6-year period. Workloads were estimated by summarising the total number of balls bowled per week (external workload), and by multiplying the session rating of perceived exertion by the session duration (internal workload). One-week data (acute workload), together with 4-week rolling average data (chronic workload), were calculated for external and internal workloads. The size of the acute workload in relation to the chronic workload provided either a negative or positive training-stress balance.METHODSData were collected from 28 fast bowlers who completed a total of 43 individual seasons over a 6-year period. Workloads were estimated by summarising the total number of balls bowled per week (external workload), and by multiplying the session rating of perceived exertion by the session duration (internal workload). One-week data (acute workload), together with 4-week rolling average data (chronic workload), were calculated for external and internal workloads. The size of the acute workload in relation to the chronic workload provided either a negative or positive training-stress balance.A negative training-stress balance was associated with an increased risk of injury in the week after exposure, for internal workload (relative risk (RR)=2.2 (CI 1.91 to 2.53), p=0.009), and external workload (RR=2.1 (CI 1.81 to 2.44), p=0.01). Fast bowlers with an internal workload training-stress balance of greater than 200% had a RR of injury of 4.5 (CI 3.43 to 5.90, p=0.009) compared with those with a training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. Fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance of more than 200% had a RR of injury of 3.3 (CI 1.50 to 7.25, p=0.033) in comparison to fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance between 50% and 99%.RESULTSA negative training-stress balance was associated with an increased risk of injury in the week after exposure, for internal workload (relative risk (RR)=2.2 (CI 1.91 to 2.53), p=0.009), and external workload (RR=2.1 (CI 1.81 to 2.44), p=0.01). Fast bowlers with an internal workload training-stress balance of greater than 200% had a RR of injury of 4.5 (CI 3.43 to 5.90, p=0.009) compared with those with a training-stress balance between 50% and 99%. Fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance of more than 200% had a RR of injury of 3.3 (CI 1.50 to 7.25, p=0.033) in comparison to fast bowlers with an external workload training-stress balance between 50% and 99%.These findings demonstrate that large increases in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers.CONCLUSIONSThese findings demonstrate that large increases in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. |
| Author | Blanch, Peter Hulin, Billy T Gabbett, Tim J Chapman, Paul Bailey, David Orchard, John W |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Billy T surname: Hulin fullname: Hulin, Billy T email: tim_gabbett@yahoo.com.au organization: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Tim J surname: Gabbett fullname: Gabbett, Tim J email: tim_gabbett@yahoo.com.au organization: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Peter surname: Blanch fullname: Blanch, Peter email: tim_gabbett@yahoo.com.au organization: Centre of Excellence, Cricket Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Paul surname: Chapman fullname: Chapman, Paul email: tim_gabbett@yahoo.com.au organization: Cricket New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: David surname: Bailey fullname: Bailey, David email: tim_gabbett@yahoo.com.au organization: Cricket Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia – sequence: 6 givenname: John W surname: Orchard fullname: Orchard, John W email: tim_gabbett@yahoo.com.au organization: School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23962877$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References | Foster, Florhaug, Franklin 2001; 15 Mansingh 2006; 40 Rogalski, Dawson, Heasman Stone, Pierce, Haff 1999; 21 Issurin 2010; 40 Banister, Calvert 1980; 5 Gabbett, Jenkins 2011; 14 Orchard, James, Kountouris 2011; 29 Portus, Mason, Elliott 2004; 3 Ranson, Burnett, King 2008; 26 Dennis, Farhart, Goumas 2003; 6 Petersen, Pyne, Dawson 2010; 28 Chiu, Barnes 2003; 25 Worthington, King, Ranson 2013; 31 Plisk, Stone 2003; 25 Banister, Calvert, Savage 1975; 7 Gabbett 2005; 33 Johnson, Ferreira, Hush 2012; 13 Gabbett 2004; 38 Orchard, James, Portus 2009; 37 Hägglund, Waldén, Ekstrand 2012; 41 Stretch 2003; 37 Stone (2025080115160199000_48.8.708.22) 1999; 21 Banister (2025080115160199000_48.8.708.15) 1980; 5 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.19 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.17 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.16 Hägglund (2025080115160199000_48.8.708.18) 2012; 41 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.2 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.3 Banister (2025080115160199000_48.8.708.14) 1975; 7 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.1 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.13 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.24 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.7 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.4 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.11 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.5 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.12 Plisk (2025080115160199000_48.8.708.20) 2003; 25 Stone (2025080115160199000_48.8.708.21) 1999; 21 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.10 Chiu (2025080115160199000_48.8.708.23) 2003; 25 Orchard (2025080115160199000_48.8.708.6) 2011; 29 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.8 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.9 |
| References_xml | – volume: 14 start-page: 204 year: 2011 article-title: Relationship between training load and injury in professional rugby league players publication-title: J Sci Med Sport – volume: 28 start-page: 45 year: 2010 article-title: Movement patterns in cricket vary by both position and game format publication-title: J Sports Sci – volume: 26 start-page: 267 year: 2008 article-title: The relationship between bowling action classification and three-dimensional lower trunk motion in fast bowlers in cricket publication-title: J Sport Sci – volume: 31 start-page: 434 year: 2013 article-title: The influence of cricket fast bowlers’ front leg technique on peak ground reaction forces publication-title: J Sport Sci – volume: 41 start-page: 327 year: 2012 article-title: Risk factors for lower extremity muscle injury in professional soccer: the UEFA injury study publication-title: Am J Sports Med – volume: 13 start-page: 45 year: 2012 article-title: Lumbar stress injuries in fast bowlers: a review of prevalence and risk factors publication-title: Phys Ther Sport – volume: 3 start-page: 263 year: 2004 article-title: Technique factors related to ball release speed and trunk injuries in high performance cricket fast bowlers publication-title: Sport Biomech – volume: 37 start-page: 250 year: 2003 article-title: Cricket injuries: a longitudinal study of the nature of injuries to South African cricketers publication-title: Br J Sports Med – volume: 37 start-page: 1186 year: 2009 article-title: Fast bowlers in cricket demonstrate up to 3- to 4-week delay between high workloads and increased risk of injury publication-title: Am J Sports Med – volume: 40 start-page: 189 year: 2010 article-title: New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization publication-title: Sports Med – article-title: Training and game loads and injury risk in elite Australian footballers publication-title: J Sci Med Sport – volume: 6 start-page: 359 year: 2003 article-title: Bowling workload and the risk of injury in elite cricket fast bowlers publication-title: J Sci Med Sport – volume: 7 start-page: 57 year: 1975 article-title: A systems model of training for athletic performance publication-title: Aust J Sport Med – volume: 5 start-page: 170 year: 1980 article-title: Planning for future performance: implications for long term training publication-title: Can J Appl Sport Sci – volume: 15 start-page: 109 year: 2001 article-title: A new approach to monitoring exercise training publication-title: J Strength Cond Res – volume: 21 start-page: 54 year: 1999 article-title: Periodization: effects of manipulating volume and intensity. 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Part 1 publication-title: Strength Cond J doi: 10.1519/00126548-199906000-00014 – ident: 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.19 doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.01.002 – ident: 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.5 doi: 10.1177/0363546509332430 – volume: 41 start-page: 327 year: 2012 ident: 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.18 article-title: Risk factors for lower extremity muscle injury in professional soccer: the UEFA injury study publication-title: Am J Sports Med doi: 10.1177/0363546512470634 – ident: 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.11 doi: 10.1177/0363546504268407 – ident: 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.24 doi: 10.2165/11319770-000000000-00000 – ident: 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.7 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.019414 – ident: 2025080115160199000_48.8.708.9 doi: 10.1016/S1440-2440(03)80031-2 |
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| Snippet | Objective To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Methods Data... To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Data were collected from... To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Data were collected from... To determine if the comparison of acute and chronic workload is associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers.OBJECTIVETo determine if... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Athletes Athletic Injuries - epidemiology Athletic Injuries - etiology Athletic Injuries - physiopathology Cricket Exercise - physiology Gryllidae Humans Injuries Male New South Wales - epidemiology Risk Factors Sports injuries Sports medicine Stress, Physiological - physiology Track and Field - injuries Victoria - epidemiology Workload - statistics & numerical data Workloads |
| Title | Spikes in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers |
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