Restoring Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Cold Desert Shrublands: Tradeoffs between Water Availability and Invasive Species

Restoration of abandoned agricultural lands to create resilient ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems typically requires seeding or transplanting native species, improving plant–soil–water relations, and controlling invasive species. We asked if improving water relations via irrigation or surf...

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Vydané v:Invasive plant science and management Ročník 7; číslo 1; s. 176 - 189
Hlavní autori: Chambers, Jeanne C., Eldredge, Eric P., Snyder, Keirith A., Board, David I., Forbis de Queiroz, Tara, Hubbard, Vada
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: 810 East 10th Street, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Weed Science Society of America 01.03.2014
Cambridge University Press
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ISSN:1939-7291, 1939-747X, 1939-747X
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Abstract Restoration of abandoned agricultural lands to create resilient ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems typically requires seeding or transplanting native species, improving plant–soil–water relations, and controlling invasive species. We asked if improving water relations via irrigation or surface mulch would result in negative tradeoffs between native species establishment and invasive species competition. We examined the effects of sprinkler irrigation and straw mulch on native seed mixtures planted in two consecutive years in an abandoned agricultural field in a cold desert shrubland in southwestern Nevada, USA. Restoration effects differed among years because of contingency effects of growing season conditions. Precipitation was low during the first year and seeded plant density and biomass increased in response to irrigation. Precipitation was relatively high during the second year, seeded plant densities and biomass were generally high, and irrigation had inconsistent effects. Mulch increased native plant cover in the absence of irrigation during the dry year. Invasive plant biomass and cover also were influenced by year, but irrigation increased invasive plants regardless of precipitation. Positive effects of irrigation on seeded plant density, cover, and biomass outweighed negative tradeoffs of increases in invasive plants. In ecosystems with highly variable precipitation, the most effective restoration strategies will most likely be adaptive ones, requiring determination of timing and amount of irrigation based on precipitation, native plant establishment, and invasive species composition and abundance. Nomenclature: 2, 4-D; dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Management Implications: Restoration of abandoned agricultural land to native plant communities can increase soil stability, reduce the spread of invasive species, and enhance the conservation value of the land. In cold desert shrublands where irrigation systems are still in place, irrigation can promote native species establishment despite also increasing invasive species. Irrigation must be sufficiently frequent during initial establishment of the seeded species to maintain the soil drying front above the depth of active root growth. Periodic watering may be required through the second year to allow plants to survive the generally low precipitation and highly variable weather conditions that characterize cold desert shrublands. In cases where irrigation systems are not available, mulch may be a viable alternative for improving water relations and increasing plant cover, especially during dry years. Larger seeded species, such as the grasses Indian ricegrass, squirreltail and needle and thread are likely to establish at higher rates than smaller seeded species like sagebrush and many native forbs. Flexible restoration strategies that adapt the timing and amount of irrigation to soil water availability are most likely to succeed.
AbstractList Restoration of abandoned agricultural lands to create resilient ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems typically requires seeding or transplanting native species, improving plant-soil-water relations, and controlling invasive species. The researchers asked if improving water relations via irrigation or surface mulch would result in negative tradeoffs between native species establishment and invasive species competition. They examined the effects of sprinkler irrigation and straw mulch on native seed mixtures planted in two consecutive years in an abandoned agricultural field in a cold desert shrubland in southwestern Nevada, USA. Restoration effects differed among years because of contingency effects of growing season conditions. Precipitation was low during the first year and seeded plant density and biomass increased in response to irrigation. Precipitation was relatively high during the second year, seeded plant densities and biomass were generally high, and irrigation had inconsistent effects. Mulch increased native plant cover in the absence of irrigation during the dry year.
Restoration of abandoned agricultural lands to create resilient ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems typically requires seeding or transplanting native species, improving plant–soil–water relations, and controlling invasive species. We asked if improving water relations via irrigation or surface mulch would result in negative tradeoffs between native species establishment and invasive species competition. We examined the effects of sprinkler irrigation and straw mulch on native seed mixtures planted in two consecutive years in an abandoned agricultural field in a cold desert shrubland in southwestern Nevada, USA. Restoration effects differed among years because of contingency effects of growing season conditions. Precipitation was low during the first year and seeded plant density and biomass increased in response to irrigation. Precipitation was relatively high during the second year, seeded plant densities and biomass were generally high, and irrigation had inconsistent effects. Mulch increased native plant cover in the absence of irrigation during the dry year. Invasive plant biomass and cover also were influenced by year, but irrigation increased invasive plants regardless of precipitation. Positive effects of irrigation on seeded plant density, cover, and biomass outweighed negative tradeoffs of increases in invasive plants. In ecosystems with highly variable precipitation, the most effective restoration strategies will most likely be adaptive ones, requiring determination of timing and amount of irrigation based on precipitation, native plant establishment, and invasive species composition and abundance.
Restoration of abandoned agricultural lands to create resilient ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems typically requires seeding or transplanting native species, improving plant–soil–water relations, and controlling invasive species. We asked if improving water relations via irrigation or surface mulch would result in negative tradeoffs between native species establishment and invasive species competition. We examined the effects of sprinkler irrigation and straw mulch on native seed mixtures planted in two consecutive years in an abandoned agricultural field in a cold desert shrubland in southwestern Nevada, USA. Restoration effects differed among years because of contingency effects of growing season conditions. Precipitation was low during the first year and seeded plant density and biomass increased in response to irrigation. Precipitation was relatively high during the second year, seeded plant densities and biomass were generally high, and irrigation had inconsistent effects. Mulch increased native plant cover in the absence of irrigation during the dry year. Invasive plant biomass and cover also were influenced by year, but irrigation increased invasive plants regardless of precipitation. Positive effects of irrigation on seeded plant density, cover, and biomass outweighed negative tradeoffs of increases in invasive plants. In ecosystems with highly variable precipitation, the most effective restoration strategies will most likely be adaptive ones, requiring determination of timing and amount of irrigation based on precipitation, native plant establishment, and invasive species composition and abundance.Nomenclature: 2, 4-D; dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.Management Implications: Restoration of abandoned agricultural land to native plant communities can increase soil stability, reduce the spread of invasive species, and enhance the conservation value of the land. In cold desert shrublands where irrigation systems are still in place, irrigation can promote native species establishment despite also increasing invasive species. Irrigation must be sufficiently frequent during initial establishment of the seeded species to maintain the soil drying front above the depth of active root growth. Periodic watering may be required through the second year to allow plants to survive the generally low precipitation and highly variable weather conditions that characterize cold desert shrublands. In cases where irrigation systems are not available, mulch may be a viable alternative for improving water relations and increasing plant cover, especially during dry years. Larger seeded species, such as the grasses Indian ricegrass, squirreltail and needle and thread are likely to establish at higher rates than smaller seeded species like sagebrush and many native forbs. Flexible restoration strategies that adapt the timing and amount of irrigation to soil water availability are most likely to succeed.
Author Chambers, Jeanne C.
Forbis de Queiroz, Tara
Eldredge, Eric P.
Hubbard, Vada
Snyder, Keirith A.
Board, David I.
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_su14106168
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10530_025_03562_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agrformet_2015_06_005
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rama_2024_03_007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rama_2019_10_001
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dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
sagebrush ecosystems
irrigation
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weed species
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native plant establishment
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– volume-title: A guide for desert and dryland restoration-new hope for arid lands
  year: 2007
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Snippet Restoration of abandoned agricultural lands to create resilient ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems typically requires seeding or transplanting native...
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StartPage 176
SubjectTerms Achnatherum hymenoides
Agricultural land
Artemisia
Biomass
Cold
Competition
Deserts
dimethylamine
drying
Ecosystem resilience
Ecosystems
Endangered & extinct species
Flowers & plants
forbs
grasses
Growing season
Indigenous plants
Indigenous species
Invasive species
irrigation
irrigation rates
Irrigation water
Moisture content
mulch
native plant establishment
Native species
Nevada
Nonnative species
plant available water
plant communities
plant density
plant establishment
planting
Planting density
Precipitation
revegetation
root growth
sagebrush ecosystems
Seasons
seed mixtures
Seeds
Shrublands
Soil erosion
Soil water
sowing
species diversity
Sprinkler irrigation
straw mulches
Vegetation
Water availability
Water relations
weather
weed species
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Title Restoring Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Cold Desert Shrublands: Tradeoffs between Water Availability and Invasive Species
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