Exosome as a target for cancer treatment

Exosomes are small vesicles covered by a lipid bilayer, ranging in size from 50 nm to 90 nm, secreted by different cell types in the body under normal and pathological conditions. They are surrounded by cell-segregated membrane complexes and play a role in the pathological and physiological environm...

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Published in:Journal of investigative medicine Vol. 70; no. 5; pp. 1212 - 1218
Main Authors: Nafar, Samira, Nouri, Negar, Alipour, Maedeh, Fallahi, Jafar, Zare, Fateme, Tabei, Seyed Mohammad Bagher
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Los Angeles, CA BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.06.2022
SAGE Publications
Sage Publications Ltd
Subjects:
Anatomical systems
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Biological markers
Biosynthesis
Body fluids
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Cell death
Chemotherapy
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Disease
Disorders
DNA
Drug resistance
Hematology
Human body
Infectious diseases
Inflammation
Leukemia
Ligands
Lipids
Medical diagnosis
Medical prognosis
Medical treatment
Metastasis
MicroRNAs
Milk
Physiology
Plasma
Proteins
Review
Saliva
Sperm
Stem cells
Tumors
Vascular endothelial growth factor
cell death
stem cells
body fluids
ISSN:1081-5589, 1708-8267, 1708-8267
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Exosomes are small vesicles covered by a lipid bilayer, ranging in size from 50 nm to 90 nm, secreted by different cell types in the body under normal and pathological conditions. They are surrounded by cell-segregated membrane complexes and play a role in the pathological and physiological environments of target cells by transfer of different molecules such as microRNA (miRNA). Exosomes have been detected in many body fluids, such as in the amniotic fluid, urine, breast milk, blood, saliva, ascites, semen, and bile. They include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and miRNA, which have many functions in target cells under pathological and physiological conditions. They participate in pathological processes such as tumor growth and survival, autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious diseases, inflammation conditions, and others. Biomarkers in exosomes isolated from body fluids have allowed for a more precise and consistent diagnostic method than previous approaches. Exosomes can be used in a variety of intracellular functions, and with advances in molecular techniques they can be used in the treatment and diagnosis of many diseases, including cancer. These vesicles play a significant role in various stages of cancer. Tumor-derived exosomes have an important role in tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. In contrast, the use of stem cells in cancer treatment is a relatively new scientific area. We hope to address targeted use of miRNA-carrying exosomes in cancer therapy in this review paper.
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ISSN:1081-5589
1708-8267
1708-8267
DOI:10.1136/jim-2021-002194