Urinary excretion of platinum from South African precious metals refinery workers

BackgroundUrinary platinum (Pt) excretion is a reliable biomarker for occupational Pt exposure and has been previously reported for precious metals refinery workers in Europe but not for South Africa, the world’s largest producer of Pt.ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify the urinary Pt excretion o...

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Published in:Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England) Vol. 75; no. 6; pp. 436 - 442
Main Authors: Linde, Stephanus J L, Franken, Anja, du Plessis, Johannes L
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England BMJ 01.06.2018
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
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ISSN:1351-0711, 1470-7926, 1470-7926
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Abstract BackgroundUrinary platinum (Pt) excretion is a reliable biomarker for occupational Pt exposure and has been previously reported for precious metals refinery workers in Europe but not for South Africa, the world’s largest producer of Pt.ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify the urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers.MethodsSpot urine samples were collected from 40 workers (directly and indirectly exposed to Pt) at two South African precious metals refineries on three consecutive mornings prior to their shifts. Urine samples were analysed for Pt using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and were corrected for creatinine content.ResultsThe urinary Pt excretion of workers did not differ significantly between sampling days. Urinary Pt excretions ranged from <0.1 to 3.0 µg Pt/g creatinine with a geometric mean of 0.21 µg Pt/g creatinine (95% CI 0.17 to 0.26 µg Pt/g creatinine). The work area (P=0.0006; η2=0.567) and the number of years workers were employed at the refineries (P=0.003; η2=0.261) influenced their urinary Pt excretion according to effect size analyses. Directly exposed workers had significantly higher urinary Pt excretion compared with indirectly exposed workers (P=0.007).ConclusionThe urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers reported in this study is comparable with that of seven other studies conducted in precious metals refineries and automotive catalyst plants in Europe. The Pt body burden of workers is predominantly determined by their work area, years of employment in the refineries and whether they are directly or indirectly exposed to Pt.
AbstractList Urinary platinum (Pt) excretion is a reliable biomarker for occupational Pt exposure and has been previously reported for precious metals refinery workers in Europe but not for South Africa, the world's largest producer of Pt. This study aimed to quantify the urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers. Spot urine samples were collected from 40 workers (directly and indirectly exposed to Pt) at two South African precious metals refineries on three consecutive mornings prior to their shifts. Urine samples were analysed for Pt using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and were corrected for creatinine content. The urinary Pt excretion of workers did not differ significantly between sampling days. Urinary Pt excretions ranged from <0.1 to 3.0 µg Pt/g creatinine with a geometric mean of 0.21 µg Pt/g creatinine (95% CI 0.17 to 0.26 µg Pt/g creatinine). The work area (P=0.0006; η =0.567) and the number of years workers were employed at the refineries (P=0.003; η =0.261) influenced their urinary Pt excretion according to effect size analyses. Directly exposed workers had significantly higher urinary Pt excretion compared with indirectly exposed workers (P=0.007). The urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers reported in this study is comparable with that of seven other studies conducted in precious metals refineries and automotive catalyst plants in Europe. The Pt body burden of workers is predominantly determined by their work area, years of employment in the refineries and whether they are directly or indirectly exposed to Pt.
BackgroundUrinary platinum (Pt) excretion is a reliable biomarker for occupational Pt exposure and has been previously reported for precious metals refinery workers in Europe but not for South Africa, the world’s largest producer of Pt.ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify the urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers.MethodsSpot urine samples were collected from 40 workers (directly and indirectly exposed to Pt) at two South African precious metals refineries on three consecutive mornings prior to their shifts. Urine samples were analysed for Pt using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and were corrected for creatinine content.ResultsThe urinary Pt excretion of workers did not differ significantly between sampling days. Urinary Pt excretions ranged from <0.1 to 3.0 µg Pt/g creatinine with a geometric mean of 0.21 µg Pt/g creatinine (95% CI 0.17 to 0.26 µg Pt/g creatinine). The work area (P=0.0006; η2=0.567) and the number of years workers were employed at the refineries (P=0.003; η2=0.261) influenced their urinary Pt excretion according to effect size analyses. Directly exposed workers had significantly higher urinary Pt excretion compared with indirectly exposed workers (P=0.007).ConclusionThe urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers reported in this study is comparable with that of seven other studies conducted in precious metals refineries and automotive catalyst plants in Europe. The Pt body burden of workers is predominantly determined by their work area, years of employment in the refineries and whether they are directly or indirectly exposed to Pt.
Urinary platinum (Pt) excretion is a reliable biomarker for occupational Pt exposure and has been previously reported for precious metals refinery workers in Europe but not for South Africa, the world's largest producer of Pt.BACKGROUNDUrinary platinum (Pt) excretion is a reliable biomarker for occupational Pt exposure and has been previously reported for precious metals refinery workers in Europe but not for South Africa, the world's largest producer of Pt.This study aimed to quantify the urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to quantify the urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers.Spot urine samples were collected from 40 workers (directly and indirectly exposed to Pt) at two South African precious metals refineries on three consecutive mornings prior to their shifts. Urine samples were analysed for Pt using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and were corrected for creatinine content.METHODSSpot urine samples were collected from 40 workers (directly and indirectly exposed to Pt) at two South African precious metals refineries on three consecutive mornings prior to their shifts. Urine samples were analysed for Pt using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and were corrected for creatinine content.The urinary Pt excretion of workers did not differ significantly between sampling days. Urinary Pt excretions ranged from <0.1 to 3.0 µg Pt/g creatinine with a geometric mean of 0.21 µg Pt/g creatinine (95% CI 0.17 to 0.26 µg Pt/g creatinine). The work area (P=0.0006; η2=0.567) and the number of years workers were employed at the refineries (P=0.003; η2=0.261) influenced their urinary Pt excretion according to effect size analyses. Directly exposed workers had significantly higher urinary Pt excretion compared with indirectly exposed workers (P=0.007).RESULTSThe urinary Pt excretion of workers did not differ significantly between sampling days. Urinary Pt excretions ranged from <0.1 to 3.0 µg Pt/g creatinine with a geometric mean of 0.21 µg Pt/g creatinine (95% CI 0.17 to 0.26 µg Pt/g creatinine). The work area (P=0.0006; η2=0.567) and the number of years workers were employed at the refineries (P=0.003; η2=0.261) influenced their urinary Pt excretion according to effect size analyses. Directly exposed workers had significantly higher urinary Pt excretion compared with indirectly exposed workers (P=0.007).The urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers reported in this study is comparable with that of seven other studies conducted in precious metals refineries and automotive catalyst plants in Europe. The Pt body burden of workers is predominantly determined by their work area, years of employment in the refineries and whether they are directly or indirectly exposed to Pt.CONCLUSIONThe urinary Pt excretion of South African precious metals refinery workers reported in this study is comparable with that of seven other studies conducted in precious metals refineries and automotive catalyst plants in Europe. The Pt body burden of workers is predominantly determined by their work area, years of employment in the refineries and whether they are directly or indirectly exposed to Pt.
Author Franken, Anja
du Plessis, Johannes L
Linde, Stephanus J L
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2020_124740
crossref_primary_10_1093_annweh_wxaa105
crossref_primary_10_1177_11786302241271553
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Keywords body burden
exposure assessment
biomonitoring
platinum group metals
Language English
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Snippet BackgroundUrinary platinum (Pt) excretion is a reliable biomarker for occupational Pt exposure and has been previously reported for precious metals refinery...
Urinary platinum (Pt) excretion is a reliable biomarker for occupational Pt exposure and has been previously reported for precious metals refinery workers in...
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StartPage 436
SubjectTerms Automotive bodies
Automotive engineering
Biomarkers
Blue collar workers
Body burden
Creatinine
Excretion
Exposure
Heavy metals
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Medical research
Metals
Noble metals
Occupational exposure
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Platinum
Refineries
Skin
Studies
Urine
Title Urinary excretion of platinum from South African precious metals refinery workers
URI https://oem.bmj.com/content/75/6/436.full
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26894309
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29602823
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2175997745
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2020492025
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