Clinical applications of machine learning algorithms: beyond the black box
To maximise the clinical benefits of machine learning algorithms, we need to rethink our approach to explanation, argue David Watson and colleagues
Saved in:
| Published in: | BMJ (Online) Vol. 364; p. l886 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
England
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
12.03.2019
|
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0959-8138, 1756-1833, 1756-1833 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | To maximise the clinical benefits of machine learning algorithms, we need to rethink our approach to explanation, argue David Watson and colleagues |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | To maximise the clinical benefits of machine learning algorithms, we need to rethink our approach to explanation, argue David Watson and colleagues |
| Author | McInnes, Iain B Krutzinna, Jenny Barnes, Michael R Bruce, Ian N Floridi, Luciano Watson, David S Griffiths, Christopher EM |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: David S surname: Watson fullname: Watson, David S email: david.watson@oii.ox.ac.uk organization: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Jenny surname: Krutzinna fullname: Krutzinna, Jenny email: david.watson@oii.ox.ac.uk organization: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Ian N surname: Bruce fullname: Bruce, Ian N email: david.watson@oii.ox.ac.uk organization: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Christopher EM surname: Griffiths fullname: Griffiths, Christopher EM email: david.watson@oii.ox.ac.uk organization: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Iain B surname: McInnes fullname: McInnes, Iain B email: david.watson@oii.ox.ac.uk organization: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Michael R surname: Barnes fullname: Barnes, Michael R email: david.watson@oii.ox.ac.uk organization: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Luciano surname: Floridi fullname: Floridi, Luciano email: david.watson@oii.ox.ac.uk organization: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30862612$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp1kUtLAzEQx4MoWh_gJ5CAFy9b8-hmE29SfCJ40fOSZGdtajapyRb027vVqiB6mge_mfkz_120GWIAhA4pGVPKxanp5mMvpdhAI1qVoqCS8000IqpUhaRc7qCDnOeEEMYrqUS5jXY4kYIJykbodupdcFZ7rBcLPyS9iyHj2OJO25kLgD3oFFx4wto_xeT6WZfPsIG3GBrczwAbr-0zNvF1H2212mc4WMc99Hh58TC9Lu7ur26m53eF4Vz1hWHUspI2si2NEo0E2wJMrDIWKNOirEhrQShDJAHFmqEkE6pbTUCwYVTxPXTyuXeR4ssScl93LlvwXgeIy1wzqighVcUmA3r8C53HZQqDuhVFFJVElgN1tKaWpoOmXiTX6fRWf33p56JNMecE7TdCSb3yoB48qFceDOj4F2pd__HUPmnn_xpYS1x1_l37DlTsk8g |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s13347_025_00961_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s00146_021_01154_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12672_025_02523_1 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_62447_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41746_020_00350_y crossref_primary_10_1515_cclm_2024_0222 crossref_primary_10_3389_fsurg_2020_00054 crossref_primary_10_1089_aipo_2024_0019 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41651_023_00142_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2020_113172 crossref_primary_10_1111_ans_16343 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2025_1582560 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00403_022_02492_3 crossref_primary_10_1017_ice_2020_213 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_inffus_2021_05_009 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12877_025_05792_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics14182100 crossref_primary_10_2196_62805 crossref_primary_10_1080_0886022X_2025_2529452 crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers16010208 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13347_019_00391_6 crossref_primary_10_1177_1060028020959042 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00520_024_09127_5 crossref_primary_10_1136_gutjnl_2020_321799 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_022_09352_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_024_12028_9 crossref_primary_10_1002_hast_1207 crossref_primary_10_2196_30401 crossref_primary_10_1002_jeo2_12039 crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics12030689 crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci14080831 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10912_020_09636_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcmg_2022_06_017 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12028_025_02340_y crossref_primary_10_1186_s13244_025_01980_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2023_1123607 crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6579_ac2a8f crossref_primary_10_3348_kjr_2023_0393 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40121_022_00671_3 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1397297 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gie_2020_04_039 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm13185460 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2021_790682 crossref_primary_10_1002_pds_70041 crossref_primary_10_1136_rmdopen_2022_002303 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2020_05_025 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmpb_2022_107221 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00247_021_05073_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_hast_1079 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00439_022_02439_8 crossref_primary_10_2196_42202 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00146_025_02198_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajo_2025_08_035 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13244_024_01791_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics14020134 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_siny_2022_101399 crossref_primary_10_1002_ohn_1092 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_025_04518_9 crossref_primary_10_1055_a_2542_5742 crossref_primary_10_2196_47105 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2023_1306453 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00011_023_01755_7 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_33837 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00347_025_02189_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40614_022_00332_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_app11188319 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2024_129171 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCOUTCOMES_119_006021 crossref_primary_10_3390_medicina59040790 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2023_1079795 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2023_1181792 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12911_023_02103_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10926_020_09895_x crossref_primary_10_1111_bjd_20663 crossref_primary_10_1177_08465371241290076 crossref_primary_10_2196_51706 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18052713 crossref_primary_10_1136_rmdopen_2021_001845 crossref_primary_10_2174_0113816128353371250119121315 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmi_2020_06_031 crossref_primary_10_1002_cam4_7425 crossref_primary_10_2196_45391 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_spinee_2024_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1097_CORR_0000000000002820 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13347_020_00435_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cardfail_2022_02_012 crossref_primary_10_1093_ajcp_aqab148 crossref_primary_10_1097_RTI_0000000000000544 crossref_primary_10_14309_ctg_0000000000000640 crossref_primary_10_2196_29398 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13054_023_04683_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_frai_2021_798659 crossref_primary_10_1177_20552076231211636 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44204_024_00238_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00441_023_03816_z crossref_primary_10_1111_bjh_16915 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjinnov_2019_000376 crossref_primary_10_1136_gutjnl_2023_329512 crossref_primary_10_4251_wjgo_v16_i12_4597 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41370_023_00518_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_acra_2025_03_007 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0041_1731706 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00101_023_01251_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychores_2023_111207 crossref_primary_10_3390_app12157943 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2023_1064169 crossref_primary_10_3389_fdgth_2023_1237146 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43018_024_00772_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surg_2020_06_049 crossref_primary_10_2196_63601 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2020_00054 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_09787_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajogmf_2023_101096 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0303287 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_40364_6 crossref_primary_10_25259_SNI_433_2021 crossref_primary_10_7861_fhj_teale_6_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41562_021_01146_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10677_023_10390_4 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm13041061 crossref_primary_10_1057_s41599_023_02213_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_frobt_2022_937772 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11948_020_00213_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anai_2022_11_025 crossref_primary_10_3389_fdata_2022_850383 crossref_primary_10_2196_55897 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_122_027919 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2019_08_027 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpeds_2022_01_035 crossref_primary_10_1093_cvr_cvab138 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12917_025_04802_z crossref_primary_10_1177_2047487320942338 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00146_024_01956_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40719_020_00209_3 crossref_primary_10_1089_sur_2021_007 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23020826 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00146_022_01614_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_app10186428 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_025_03511_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_024_05025_w crossref_primary_10_1001_jamadermatol_2021_3129 crossref_primary_10_1080_20502877_2024_2416858 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41746_023_00834_7 crossref_primary_10_2196_51326 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_72375_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm8091450 crossref_primary_10_1111_1471_0528_16700 crossref_primary_10_1186_s41747_025_00602_0 crossref_primary_10_2196_75760 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2020_01410 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imed_2023_08_001 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12859_020_03718_9 crossref_primary_10_1227_NEU_0000000000001853 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40815_022_01324_w crossref_primary_10_1136_rmdopen_2022_002934 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surg_2023_07_022 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10676_022_09632_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejrad_2024_111389 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amepre_2021_04_016 crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2024_1268314 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2023_1054401 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20196817 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_54375_4 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2024_092463 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43465_025_01490_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13347_022_00506_6 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000023568 crossref_primary_10_1177_0272989X211037921 crossref_primary_10_1183_13993003_01216_2019 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2022_12930 crossref_primary_10_3390_app12010136 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcjo_2024_07_009 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_m958 crossref_primary_10_1259_bjr_20190855 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44206_025_00215_5 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_n364 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bionps_2024_100107 crossref_primary_10_1093_rheumatology_keaf323 crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers15071958 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3565549 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40121_022_00628_6 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2022_889808 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijmedinf_2022_104733 crossref_primary_10_2147_JHC_S496481 crossref_primary_10_1111_bjd_18880 crossref_primary_10_1021_acscentsci_2c01468 crossref_primary_10_2196_56306 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3556957 crossref_primary_10_1111_1751_2980_13357 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11023_019_09506_6 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnagi_2020_548616 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jss_2021_01_046 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2022_3232159 crossref_primary_10_1093_ajhp_zxaf056 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2665_9913_19_30008_6 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1038/nature21056 10.1111/j.1539-6053.2008.00033.x 10.1093/idpl/ipx005 10.1056/NEJMp1606181 10.1145/2783258.2788613 10.1093/jnci/djx113 10.1145/2939672.2939778 10.1093/annonc/mdx781 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.11.005 10.1038/s41591-018-0107-6 10.1109/4235.58589310.1109/4235.585893 10.1093/nar/gku1011 10.1093/cid/cix731 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x 10.1136/bmjqs-2011-001159 10.1001/jama.2016.17216 10.1007/s00146-017-0781-9 10.1038/s41436-018-0067-8 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002627 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go tohttp://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions2019BMJ |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to – notice: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go tohttp://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions2019BMJ |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7RV 7X7 7XB 88I 8AF 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AFKRA AN0 ASE AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BTHHO CCPQU DWQXO FPQ FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ K6X K9. KB0 LK8 M2O M2P M7P MBDVC NAPCQ PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmj.l886 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Nursing & Allied Health Database Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Science Database (Alumni Edition) STEM Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland British Nursing Database British Nursing Index ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection BMJ Journals ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present) Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library SciTech Premium Collection British Nursing Index ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Biological Sciences Research Library Science Database Biological Science Database Research Library (Corporate) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest AP Science ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition British Nursing Index with Full Text British Nursing Index ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition BMJ Journals ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | Research Library Prep |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1756-1833 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 30862612 10_1136_bmj_l886 bmj |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | United States--US |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: United States--US |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Medical Research Council grantid: MR/N00583X/1 – fundername: Medical Research Council grantid: MR/M01665X/1 |
| GroupedDBID | 23N 39C 4.4 40O 53G 5GY 7RV 7X7 88I 8AF 8F7 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8G5 AACGO AANCE AAWJN ABBHK ABIVO ABJNI ABPLY ABTLG ABUWG ABVAJ ABXSQ ACGFS ACGOD ACHIC ACMFJ ACPRK ADQXQ AEUPB AEXZC AFKRA AGFXO AHMBA AHNKE AHQMW AJYBZ ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AQVQM AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BTHHO C45 CCPQU CS3 DCCCD DWQXO EBS EJD F5P FYUFA GNUQQ GUQSH H13 HAJ HCIFZ HMCUK HZ~ IPSME JAAYA JBMMH JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLS JLXEF JPM JSG JST L7B LK8 M2O M2P M7P NAPCQ NXWIF O9- OVD PHGZT PQQKQ PROAC R53 RHI RMJ RV8 SA0 TEORI UKHRP VVN WOQ YFH YQY AAYXX AFFHD AN0 CITATION IAG IBB IMI PHGZM PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7XB 8FK ASE FPQ K6X K9. MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS PUEGO Q9U 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-b339t-b21c251d8f5b96d8ecfee4c9bce12a6570fce69b080e92d70f041afa0e6221c93 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7RV |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 296 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000461751000002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0959-8138 1756-1833 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 02 09:58:52 EDT 2025 Mon Sep 08 14:02:32 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:36:39 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 01:38:17 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:33:58 EST 2025 Fri Apr 25 03:30:43 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-b339t-b21c251d8f5b96d8ecfee4c9bce12a6570fce69b080e92d70f041afa0e6221c93 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 30862612 |
| PQID | 2190918085 |
| PQPubID | 2043523 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2191007724 proquest_journals_2190918085 pubmed_primary_30862612 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_l886 crossref_citationtrail_10_1136_bmj_l886 bmj_primary_10_1136_bmj_l886 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2019-03-12 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-03-12 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2019 text: 2019-03-12 day: 12 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England – name: London |
| PublicationTitle | BMJ (Online) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | BMJ |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | BMJ Publishing Group LTD |
| Publisher_xml | – name: BMJ Publishing Group LTD |
| References | Gigerenzer, Gaissmaier, Kurz-Milcke, Schwartz, Woloshin 2007; 8 De Fauw, Ledsam, Romera-Paredes 2018; 24 Singh, Meyer, Thomas 2014; 23 Gulshan, Peng, Coram 2016; 316 Tibshirani 1996; 58 Wolpert, Macready 1997; 1 Wiens, Shenoy 2018; 66 Edwards, Veale 2017; 16 Kibbe, Arze, Felix 2015; 43 Obermeyer, Emanuel 2016; 375 Somashekhar, Sepúlveda, Puglielli 2018; 29 Hallowell, Parker, Nellåker 2019 Esteva, Kuprel, Novoa 2017; 542 Wachter, Mittelstadt, Floridi 2017; 7 Kourou, Exarchos, Exarchos, Karamouzis, Fotiadis 2014; 13 Schmidt 2017; 109 Hogan, Healey, Neale, Thomson, Vincent, Black 2012; 21 Johnson, Verdicchio 2018 key20190314145725_ref26 key20190314145725_ref25 key20190314145725_ref24 key20190314145725_ref23 key20190314145725_ref27 key20190314145725_ref21 key20190314145725_ref20 key20190314145725_ref4 key20190314145725_ref15 key20190314145725_ref3 key20190314145725_ref14 key20190314145725_ref6 key20190314145725_ref13 key20190314145725_ref5 key20190314145725_ref12 key20190314145725_ref19 key20190314145725_ref18 key20190314145725_ref2 key20190314145725_ref17 key20190314145725_ref1 key20190314145725_ref16 key20190314145725_ref11 key20190314145725_ref10 Edwards (key20190314145725_ref22) 2017; 16 key20190314145725_ref8 key20190314145725_ref7 key20190314145725_ref9 |
| References_xml | – volume: 316 start-page: 2402 year: 2016 article-title: Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs publication-title: JAMA – volume: 8 start-page: 53 year: 2007 article-title: Helping doctors and patients make sense of health statistics publication-title: Psychol Sci Public Interest – volume: 1 start-page: 67 year: 1997 article-title: No free lunch theorems for optimization publication-title: IEEE Trans Evol Comput – volume: 375 start-page: 1216 year: 2016 article-title: Predicting the future—big data, machine learning, and clinical medicine publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 58 start-page: 267 year: 1996 article-title: Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso publication-title: J Royal Stat Soc. Series B (Methodological) – volume: 66 start-page: 149 year: 2018 article-title: Machine learning for healthcare: on the verge of a major shift in healthcare epidemiology publication-title: Clin Infect Dis – volume: 109 start-page: djx113 year: 2017 article-title: M. D. Anderson breaks with IBM Watson, raising questions about artificial intelligence in oncology publication-title: J Natl Cancer Inst – volume: 542 start-page: 115 year: 2017 article-title: Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks publication-title: Nature – volume: 23 start-page: 727 year: 2014 article-title: The frequency of diagnostic errors in outpatient care: estimations from three large observational studies involving US adult populations publication-title: BMJ Qual Saf – volume: 29 start-page: 418 year: 2018 article-title: Watson for Oncology and breast cancer treatment recommendations: agreement with an expert multidisciplinary tumor board publication-title: Ann Oncol – year: 2018 article-title: AI agency and responsibility: the VW fraud case and beyond publication-title: AI Soc – year: 2019 article-title: Big data phenotyping in rare diseases: some ethical issues publication-title: Genet Med – volume: 43 start-page: D1071 year: 2015 article-title: Disease Ontology 2015 update: an expanded and updated database of human diseases for linking biomedical knowledge through disease data publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res – volume: 13 start-page: 8 year: 2014 article-title: Machine learning applications in cancer prognosis and prediction publication-title: Comput Struct Biotechnol J – volume: 21 start-page: 737 year: 2012 article-title: Preventable deaths due to problems in care in English acute hospitals: a retrospective case record review study publication-title: BMJ Qual Saf – volume: 7 start-page: 76 year: 2017 article-title: Why a right to explanation of automated decision-making does not exist in the general data protection regulation publication-title: International Data Privacy Law – volume: 24 start-page: 1342 year: 2018 article-title: Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease publication-title: Nat Med – volume: 16 start-page: 18 year: 2017 article-title: Slave to the algorithm? Why a right to explanation is probably not the remedy you are looking for publication-title: Duke Law and Technology Review – ident: key20190314145725_ref26 – ident: key20190314145725_ref8 – ident: key20190314145725_ref24 – ident: key20190314145725_ref2 doi: 10.1038/nature21056 – ident: key20190314145725_ref14 doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6053.2008.00033.x – ident: key20190314145725_ref13 – ident: key20190314145725_ref21 doi: 10.1093/idpl/ipx005 – ident: key20190314145725_ref3 – ident: key20190314145725_ref6 doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1606181 – ident: key20190314145725_ref19 doi: 10.1145/2783258.2788613 – ident: key20190314145725_ref11 doi: 10.1093/jnci/djx113 – ident: key20190314145725_ref23 doi: 10.1145/2939672.2939778 – ident: key20190314145725_ref25 – ident: key20190314145725_ref10 doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx781 – ident: key20190314145725_ref4 doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.11.005 – ident: key20190314145725_ref9 doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0107-6 – volume: 16 start-page: 18 year: 2017 ident: key20190314145725_ref22 article-title: Slave to the algorithm? Why a right to explanation is probably not the remedy you are looking for publication-title: Duke Law and Technology Review – ident: key20190314145725_ref16 doi: 10.1109/4235.58589310.1109/4235.585893 – ident: key20190314145725_ref5 doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1011 – ident: key20190314145725_ref7 doi: 10.1093/cid/cix731 – ident: key20190314145725_ref15 doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x – ident: key20190314145725_ref18 doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2011-001159 – ident: key20190314145725_ref1 doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.17216 – ident: key20190314145725_ref20 doi: 10.1007/s00146-017-0781-9 – ident: key20190314145725_ref27 doi: 10.1038/s41436-018-0067-8 – ident: key20190314145725_ref12 – ident: key20190314145725_ref17 doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002627 |
| SSID | ssj0002378965 |
| Score | 2.686066 |
| Snippet | To maximise the clinical benefits of machine learning algorithms, we need to rethink our approach to explanation, argue David Watson and colleagues |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref bmj |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | l886 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Artificial intelligence Attitude of Health Personnel Attitude to Computers Automation Cancer Clinical decision making Clinical Decision-Making - ethics Clinical Decision-Making - methods Computer Security - legislation & jurisprudence Decision making Diabetic retinopathy Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted - ethics Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted - legislation & jurisprudence Ethics, Medical Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Learning algorithms Machine learning Machine Learning - ethics Machine Learning - legislation & jurisprudence Medical diagnosis Medical prognosis Oncology Physicians Pneumonia Therapeutic applications Therapy, Computer-Assisted - ethics Therapy, Computer-Assisted - legislation & jurisprudence Tumors |
| Title | Clinical applications of machine learning algorithms: beyond the black box |
| URI | https://bmj.com/content/364/bmj.l886.full https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30862612 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2190918085 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2191007724 |
| Volume | 364 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000461751000002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1756-1833 dateEnd: 20250928 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002378965 issn: 0959-8138 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 19940108 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1756-1833 dateEnd: 20250928 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002378965 issn: 0959-8138 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 19940108 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1756-1833 dateEnd: 20250928 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002378965 issn: 0959-8138 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 19940108 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1756-1833 dateEnd: 20250928 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002378965 issn: 0959-8138 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 19940108 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Research Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1756-1833 dateEnd: 20250928 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002378965 issn: 0959-8138 databaseCode: M2O dateStart: 19940108 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1756-1833 dateEnd: 20250928 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002378965 issn: 0959-8138 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 19940108 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpR1NT-swzILx9MSFj_cBg4GChMSpjyXt2oQLAgRCCMaEAO1WNWnKA20rbAPx87GzbIAEXLhYTZs4VZzEju3YAJtRYgtZz8JAZyYOooRC3vJcBhrF5SLnBjmIi65_mjSbst1WLa9wG3i3yvGe6DbqvDSkI9_GlYWsTaKEsHv_EFDWKLKu-hQa0zDDiXfjfE4uric6FhEmUsUNH3OWh_G27t7960i6OD2Nj-950ScCpmM0R_Pf_cUFmPMiJtsbzYlFmLK9X_DzzBvRf8OJjwXaYW-t16wsWNd5VlrmU0ncsKxzgx0M_3cHO0y7uy4MBUamSevHdPn8B66ODi8PjgOfUiHQYaiGgRbcoESTy6KhVZxLawprI6O0sVxk5AZTGBsrjXKkVSLHYj3iWZHVbSywqQr_QqVX9uwyMJXrhjVZnW66RgVSHBsjWjye6Nw2jK1CDYc4vR8FzUjdYSOMU3pHFKjC1njsU-PDkVNWjM4HNTcmNT_HVhuTJPWLcJC-0gNRTD7j8iGbSNaz5aOrQ34iiYiqsDQi-6ST0B33uFj5GvkqzKIUpcgxjYsaVIb9R7sGP8zT8HbQX3czkmA7cVCuw8z-YbN1gaUzce5gi2DSegFkNfIK |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1R3ZTttAcEShKrwALVcgwFZqxZMhXju2FwkhRIs4QtQHKuXNeNdjDiUxkHD9FN_IzMZOW6nwxgNvPnbHWs_sXDsHwDc_xCyqJZ6jExM4fsglb900cjSpy1nqGpIgtrp-I2w2o1ZL_RqBpzIXhsMqS55oGXWaG_aRb9DOItEWkYawfXXtcNcoPl0tW2gMyOIIH-_JZOttHfwg_H6Xcu_nye6-U3QVcLTnqb6jpWtIqKdRVtcqSCM0GaJvlDboyoQjQTKDgdKkSqGSKd3WfDfJkhoGkqZy8SVi-WPEx0MOIQtb4dCnI70wUkG9qHHresGG7lyutyNO1P5Al__KvhcUWivY9qbe2y-ZhslChRY7A5r_DCPY_QKfjosggRk4LGqdtsXfp_Miz0THRo6iKFplnImkfUYL6p93eptC21weQQqx0OzVFDp_mIXfb7KSORjt5l1cAKFSXUeT1DiT18-IomkygSXzS6dYN1iBKqE0vhoUBYmtMeUFMT9jjFdgrcR1bIpy69z1o_2fkV-HI1-GVi1JIC6YTC_-g38CMXxN7IHPfJIu5rd2DMfBhNKvwPyAzIYf8aw568rF14Gvwvj-yXEjbhw0j5ZggjRGxUF4rqzCaP_mFpfho7nrX_RuVuxuEHD61rT2DNGdSoE |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1R3LbhMxcFRaVPVSyqtNCWAkEKclWe_TSFWFKBGlbZQDSL1t195xH0qybZMW-DW-jhnHG0Ci3Hrgtg97Vt552_MAeBlnaPNuGQW6NGkQZ1zyNqzyQJO5bKvQkAZx1fX3s34_PzxUgwX40eTCcFhlIxOdoK5qw3vkHeIsUm05WQgd68MiBju97fOLgDtI8Ulr005jRiJ7-P0ruW-Trd0dwvUrKXsfPr__GPgOA4GOIjUNtAwNKfgqt4lWaZWjsYixUdpgKEuOCrEGU6XJrEIlK7rtxmFpyy6mkqZyISYS_0tZnCTMXQdyMN_fkVGWqzTx9W7DKO3o0dmbYc5J23fo8k89eINx65Rc797__HvWYNWb1uLdjBfuwwKOH8DygQ8eeAiffA3Uofj91F7UVoxcRCkK30LjWJTDY1rQ9GQ0eSu0y_ERZCgLzbudQtffHsGXW1nJY1gc12PcAKEqnaApu5zhG1uidJpMYMkt0xUmBlvQJvQW57NiIYVzsqK04GeM_Ra8bvBeGF-GnbuBDP8y8sV85M3Q2g05FF74TIpftEAg5q9JbPBZUDnG-sqN4fiYTMYtWJ-R3PwjkXNzQ7n5b-DPYZlIrNjf7e89gRUyJBXH5oWyDYvTyyt8CnfN9fR0cvnMMYaAo9smtZ_FplNO |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Clinical+applications+of+machine+learning+algorithms%3A+beyond+the+black+box&rft.jtitle=BMJ+%28Online%29&rft.au=Watson%2C+David+S&rft.au=Krutzinna%2C+Jenny&rft.au=Bruce%2C+Ian+N&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+Christopher+EM&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft.issn=0959-8138&rft.eissn=1756-1833&rft.volume=364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136%2Fbmj.l886&rft.externalDBID=BMJ-UK&rft.externalDocID=bmj |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0959-8138&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0959-8138&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0959-8138&client=summon |