Population attributable fraction

Alternatively, one can directly estimate the PAF original formula “(O − E)/O” using results from a multivariable logistic regression model.7 As an example of the latter approach, the authors of a recent BMJ paper8 calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of concurrent benzodiazepine/opi...

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Veröffentlicht in:BMJ (Online) Jg. 360; S. k757
Hauptverfasser: Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Altman, Douglas G
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England British Medical Journal Publishing Group 22.02.2018
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
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ISSN:0959-8138, 1756-1833, 1756-1833
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Abstract Alternatively, one can directly estimate the PAF original formula “(O − E)/O” using results from a multivariable logistic regression model.7 As an example of the latter approach, the authors of a recent BMJ paper8 calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of concurrent benzodiazepine/opioid use for the risk of opioid overdose in a retrospective analysis of claim data. The PAF estimate was 15% (95% confidence interval 14 to 16%).8 Valid 95% confidence intervals for PAF should take into account the uncertainty in both the observed and expected number of cases.7 The PAF formula with adjusted RR is easily generalised to exposures with more than two levels.9 In a cohort study the PAF for the effect of maternal overweight and obesity on infant mortality in relation to normal weight was estimated as 11%.10 Similarly, we can calculate PAF for the joint effects of two or more exposures. [...]for preventive exposures one can reverse the coding: RR is now the adjusted risk ratio for no exposure and pc is the prevalence of no exposure among cases.
AbstractList Alternatively, one can directly estimate the PAF original formula “(O − E)/O” using results from a multivariable logistic regression model.7 As an example of the latter approach, the authors of a recent BMJ paper8 calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of concurrent benzodiazepine/opioid use for the risk of opioid overdose in a retrospective analysis of claim data. The PAF estimate was 15% (95% confidence interval 14 to 16%).8 Valid 95% confidence intervals for PAF should take into account the uncertainty in both the observed and expected number of cases.7 The PAF formula with adjusted RR is easily generalised to exposures with more than two levels.9 In a cohort study the PAF for the effect of maternal overweight and obesity on infant mortality in relation to normal weight was estimated as 11%.10 Similarly, we can calculate PAF for the joint effects of two or more exposures. [...]for preventive exposures one can reverse the coding: RR is now the adjusted risk ratio for no exposure and pc is the prevalence of no exposure among cases.
Author Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Altman, Douglas G
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mohammad Ali
  surname: Mansournia
  fullname: Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
  email: ma@yahoo.com
  organization: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Douglas G
  surname: Altman
  fullname: Altman, Douglas G
  organization: Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29472187$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Doll, Hill (ref3) 1952; 2
Mansournia, Altman (ref5) 2016; 352
Greenland (ref13) 2015; 25
Doll (ref2) 1953; 7
Sun, Dixit, Humphreys, Darnall, Baker, Mackey (ref8) 2017; 356
Hanley (ref9) 2001; 55
Morgenstern, Bursic (ref12) 1982; 7
Miettinen (ref4) 1974; 99
Brady (ref7) 1998; 42
Johansson, Villamor, Altman, Bonamy, Granath, Cnattingius (ref10) 2014; 349
Hanley 2001; 55
Doll 1953; 7
Doll, Hill 1952; 2
Brady 1998; 42
Morgenstern, Bursic 1982; 7
Mansournia, Altman 2016; 352
Johansson, Villamor, Altman, Bonamy, Granath, Cnattingius 2014; 349
Mansournia, Etminan, Danaei, Kaufman, Collins 2017; 359
Greenland 2015; 25
Miettinen 1974; 99
Sun, Dixit, Humphreys, Darnall, Baker, Mackey 2017; 356
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– volume: 55
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  year: 2001
  article-title: A heuristic approach to the formulas for population attributable fraction
  publication-title: J Epidemiol Community Health
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  article-title: Inverse probability weighting
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 356
  start-page: j760
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  article-title: Association between concurrent use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines and overdose: retrospective analysis
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 349
  start-page: g6572
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  article-title: Maternal overweight and obesity in early pregnancy and risk of infant mortality: a population based cohort study in Sweden
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 7
  start-page: 292
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  article-title: A method for using epidemiologic data to estimate the potential impact of an intervention on the health status of a target population
  publication-title: J Community Health
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  start-page: j4587
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  article-title: Handling time varying confounding in observational research
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 42
  start-page: 8
  year: 1998
  article-title: Adjusted population attributable fractions from logistic regression
  publication-title: Stata Tech Bull
– volume: 25
  start-page: 155
  year: 2015
  article-title: Concepts and pitfalls in measuring and interpreting attributable fractions, prevented fractions, and causation probabilities
  publication-title: Ann Epidemiol
– volume: 7
  start-page: 303
  year: 1953
  article-title: Mortality from lung cancer among non-smokers
  publication-title: Br J Cancer
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  article-title: Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given exposure, trait or intervention
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Snippet Alternatively, one can directly estimate the PAF original formula “(O − E)/O” using results from a multivariable logistic regression model.7 As an example of...
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SubjectTerms Data Interpretation, Statistical
Environmental Exposure
Epidemiologic Methods
Epidemiology
Health risk assessment
Humans
Infant mortality
Lung cancer
Narcotics
Obesity
Public Health
Research Methods & Reporting
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Title Population attributable fraction
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