The Color of the Land Race, Nation, and the Politics of Landownership in Oklahoma, 1832-1929
The Color of the Landbrings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narr...
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Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina Press
2010
University of North Carolina Press |
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| ISBN: | 0807871060, 9780807871065, 9780807895764, 0807895768, 0807833657, 9780807833650 |
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| Abstract | The Color of the Landbrings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities--race, nation, and class--took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property.Conflicts were unleashed by a series of sweeping changes: the forced "removal" of the Creeks from their homeland to Oklahoma in the 1830s, the transformation of the Creeks' enslaved black population into landed black Creek citizens after the Civil War, the imposition of statehood and private landownership at the turn of the twentieth century, and the entrenchment of a sharecropping economy and white supremacy in the following decades. In struggles over land, wealth, and power, Oklahomans actively defined and redefined what it meant to be Native American, African American, or white. By telling this story, David Chang contributes to the history of racial construction and nationalism as well as to southern, western, and Native American history. |
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| AbstractList | This title presents the changing definitions of what it means to be Native American, African American, or white. ""The Color of the Land"" brings together the histories of Oklahoma's Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities - race, nation, and class - took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property. Conflicts were unleashed by a series of sweeping changes: the forced 'removal' of the Creeks from their homeland to Oklahoma in the 1830s, the transformation of the Creeks' enslaved black population into landed black Creek citizens after the Civil War, the imposition of statehood and private landownership at the turn of the twentieth century, and the entrenchment of a sharecropping economy and white supremacy in the following decades. In struggles over land, wealth, and power, Oklahomans actively defined and redefined what it meant to be Native American, African American, or white. By telling this story, David Chang contributes to the history of racial construction and nationalism as well as to southern, western, and Native American history. The Color of the Landbrings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities--race, nation, and class--took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property.Conflicts were unleashed by a series of sweeping changes: the forced "removal" of the Creeks from their homeland to Oklahoma in the 1830s, the transformation of the Creeks' enslaved black population into landed black Creek citizens after the Civil War, the imposition of statehood and private landownership at the turn of the twentieth century, and the entrenchment of a sharecropping economy and white supremacy in the following decades. In struggles over land, wealth, and power, Oklahomans actively defined and redefined what it meant to be Native American, African American, or white. By telling this story, David Chang contributes to the history of racial construction and nationalism as well as to southern, western, and Native American history. The Color of the Land brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities--race, nation, and class--took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property. Conflicts were unleashed by a series of sweeping changes: the forced "removal" of the Creeks from their homeland to Oklahoma in the 1830s, the transformation of the Creeks' enslaved black population into landed black Creek citizens after the Civil War, the imposition of statehood and private landownership at the turn of the twentieth century, and the entrenchment of a sharecropping economy and white supremacy in the following decades. In struggles over land, wealth, and power, Oklahomans actively defined and redefined what it meant to be Native American, African American, or white. By telling this story, David Chang contributes to the history of racial construction and nationalism as well as to southern, western, and Native American history. Summary reprinted by permission of University of North Carolina Press David Chang brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities - race, nation, and class - took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property. The Color of the Land brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities - race, nation, and class - took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property. Conflicts were unleashed by a series of sweeping changes: the forced "removal" of the Creeks from their homeland to Oklahoma in the 1830s, the transformation of the Creeks' enslaved black population into landed black Creek citizens after the Civil War, the imposition of statehood and private landownership at the turn of the twentieth century, and the entrenchment of a sharecropping economy and white supremacy in the following decades. In struggles over land, wealth, and power, Oklahomans actively defined and redefined what it meant to be Native American, African American, or white. By telling this story, David Chang contributes to the history of racial construction and nationalism as well as to southern, western, and Native American history. Chang brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. He argues that in struggles over land, wealth, and power, Oklahomans actively defined and redefined what it meant to be Native American, African American, or white. |
| Author | Chang, David A |
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| Copyright | 2010 THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Race, nation, and the politics of landownership in Oklahoma, 1832-1929 |
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| Snippet | The Color of the Landbrings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and... The Color of the Land brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and... Chang brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were... This title presents the changing definitions of what it means to be Native American, African American, or white. ""The Color of the Land"" brings together the... David Chang brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations... |
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| SubjectTerms | African Americans African Americans -- Land tenure -- Oklahoma -- History Allotment of land Allotment of land -- Oklahoma -- History Creek Indians Creek Indians -- Land tenure -- Oklahoma -- History Creek Indians -- Oklahoma -- Ethnic identity Ethnic identity Ethnicity HISTORY Indigenous populations Land Land tenure Land tenure -- Social aspects -- Oklahoma -- History Native American Oklahoma Oklahoma -- Race relations -- History Political history Race relations Social aspects Social history Sociology Southwest (AZ, NM, OK, TX) State & Local Territory United States Whites Whites -- Land tenure -- Oklahoma -- History |
| Subtitle | Race, Nation, and the Politics of Landownership in Oklahoma, 1832-1929 |
| TableOfContents | Front Matter
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
INTRODUCTION:
1: Owning and Being Owned
2: An Equal Interest in the Soil
3: Raw Country and Jeffersonian Dreams
4: Policy and the Making of Landlords and Tenants
5: We Were Negroes Then
6: The Battle for Whiteness
EPILOGUE:
Notes
Bibliography
Index Index Bibliography Notes Epilogue: Newtown: Unsettling Oklahoma, Unsettling America 6. The Battle for Whiteness: Making Whites in a White Man’s Country, 1916–1924 5. We Were Negroes Then: Political Programs, Landownership, and Black Racial Coalescence, 1904–1916 4. Policy and the Making of Landlords and Tenants: Allotment, Landlessness, and Creek Politics, 1906–1920s PART III: LIVING UNDER ALLOTMENT: Race and Property 3. Raw Country and Jeffersonian Dreams: The Racial Politics of Allotment PART II: ALLOTMENT: Dividing Lands, Nations, and Races 2. An Equal Interest in the Soil: Small-Scale Farming and the Work of Nationhood, 1866–1889 1. Owning and Being Owned: Property, Slavery, and Creek Nationhood to 1865 PART I: BEFORE ALLOTMENT: Land and the Making of Creek Nationhoods Introduction: Oklahoma as America Acknowledgments Contents Title Page, Copyright Cover Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Oklahoma as America -- PART I: BEFORE ALLOTMENT: Land and the Making of Creek Nationhoods -- 1 Owning and Being Owned: Property, Slavery, and Creek Nationhood to 1865 -- 2 An Equal Interest in the Soil: Small-Scale Farming and the Work of Nationhood, 1866-1889 -- PART II: ALLOTMENT: Dividing Lands, Nations, and Races -- 3 Raw Country and Jeffersonian Dreams: The Racial Politics of Allotment -- PART III: LIVING UNDER ALLOTMENT: Race and Property -- 4 Policy and the Making of Landlords and Tenants: Allotment, Landlessness, and Creek Politics, 1906-1920s -- 5 We Were Negroes Then: Political Programs, Landownership, and Black Racial Coalescence, 1904-1916 -- 6 The Battle for Whiteness: Making Whites in a White Man's Country, 1916-1924 -- Epilogue: Newtown: Unsettling Oklahoma, Unsettling America -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y |
| Title | The Color of the Land |
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