Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago

The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated...

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Vydané v:	Nature (London) Ročník 547; číslo 7663; s. 306 - 310
Hlavní autori:	Clarkson, Chris, Jacobs, Zenobia, Marwick, Ben, Fullagar, Richard, Wallis, Lynley, Smith, Mike, Roberts, Richard G., Hayes, Elspeth, Lowe, Kelsey, Carah, Xavier, Florin, S. Anna, McNeil, Jessica, Cox, Delyth, Arnold, Lee J., Hua, Quan, Huntley, Jillian, Brand, Helen E. A., Manne, Tiina, Fairbairn, Andrew, Shulmeister, James, Lyle, Lindsey, Salinas, Makiah, Page, Mara, Connell, Kate, Park, Gayoung, Norman, Kasih, Murphy, Tessa, Pardoe, Colin
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 20.07.2017 Nature Publishing Group
Predmet:	631/181/27 706/689/19/27 Analysis Archaeology Australia Beer Chronology Excavations (Archaeology) Extinction Fossil hominids History Hominids Homo neanderthalensis Homo sapiens denisova Human migration Human origins Humanities and Social Sciences Megafauna multidisciplinary Musical groups Neanderthals Pleistocene Epoch Science Sediments (Geology) Setting (Literature) Stratigraphy Time Australia
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract	The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australia’s megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. Human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, with a distinctive stone tool assemblage including grinding stones, ground ochres, reflective additives and ground-edge hatchet heads. This evidence sets a new minimum age for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions of modern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Optical dating of sediments containing stone artefacts newly excavated at Madjedbebe, Australia, indicate that human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, thereby setting a new minimum age for the arrival of people in Australia. First Australian foray pushed further into the past When did humans first colonize Australia? The date of the initial landing on the continent that is now associated with cold lager and 'Waltzing Matilda' has been highly controversial. Dates from a site called Madjedbebe in northern Australia had put the presence of modern humans in Australia at between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago, but these results have since been hotly contested. Here, the results from a comprehensive program of dating of new excavations at the site confirm that people first arrived there around 65,000 years ago. The results show that humans reached Australia well before the extinction of the Australian megafauna and the disappearance of Homo floresiensis in neighbouring Indonesia.
AbstractList	The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australia's megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. Human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, with a distinctive stone tool assemblage including grinding stones, ground ochres, reflective additives and ground-edge hatchet heads. This evidence sets a new minimum age for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions of modern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans. The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australia's megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. Human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, with a distinctive stone tool assemblage including grinding stones, ground ochres, reflective additives and ground-edge hatchet heads. This evidence sets a new minimum age for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions of modern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans.The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australia's megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. Human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, with a distinctive stone tool assemblage including grinding stones, ground ochres, reflective additives and ground-edge hatchet heads. This evidence sets a new minimum age for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions of modern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans. The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australia’s megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. Human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, with a distinctive stone tool assemblage including grinding stones, ground ochres, reflective additives and ground-edge hatchet heads. This evidence sets a new minimum age for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions of modern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Optical dating of sediments containing stone artefacts newly excavated at Madjedbebe, Australia, indicate that human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, thereby setting a new minimum age for the arrival of people in Australia. First Australian foray pushed further into the past When did humans first colonize Australia? The date of the initial landing on the continent that is now associated with cold lager and 'Waltzing Matilda' has been highly controversial. Dates from a site called Madjedbebe in northern Australia had put the presence of modern humans in Australia at between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago, but these results have since been hotly contested. Here, the results from a comprehensive program of dating of new excavations at the site confirm that people first arrived there around 65,000 years ago. The results show that humans reached Australia well before the extinction of the Australian megafauna and the disappearance of Homo floresiensis in neighbouring Indonesia. The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australias megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. Human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, with a distinctive stone tool assemblage including grinding stones, ground ochres, reflective additives and ground-edge hatchet heads. This evidence sets a new minimum age for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions of modern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans.
Audience	Academic
Author	Jacobs, Zenobia Manne, Tiina Shulmeister, James Norman, Kasih Pardoe, Colin Page, Mara Cox, Delyth Arnold, Lee J. Salinas, Makiah Park, Gayoung Hayes, Elspeth Huntley, Jillian Brand, Helen E. A. Lowe, Kelsey Hua, Quan McNeil, Jessica Smith, Mike Lyle, Lindsey Florin, S. Anna Clarkson, Chris Marwick, Ben Fullagar, Richard Murphy, Tessa Wallis, Lynley Roberts, Richard G. Connell, Kate Fairbairn, Andrew Carah, Xavier
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Chris surname: Clarkson fullname: Clarkson, Chris email: c.clarkson@uq.edu.au organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 2 givenname: Zenobia surname: Jacobs fullname: Jacobs, Zenobia email: zenobia@uow.edu.au organization: Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong – sequence: 3 givenname: Ben surname: Marwick fullname: Marwick, Ben organization: Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington – sequence: 4 givenname: Richard surname: Fullagar fullname: Fullagar, Richard organization: Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong – sequence: 5 givenname: Lynley surname: Wallis fullname: Wallis, Lynley organization: Nulungu Research Institute, University of Notre Dame – sequence: 6 givenname: Mike surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Mike organization: Centre for Historical Research, National Museum of Australia – sequence: 7 givenname: Richard G. surname: Roberts fullname: Roberts, Richard G. organization: Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong – sequence: 8 givenname: Elspeth surname: Hayes fullname: Hayes, Elspeth organization: Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong – sequence: 9 givenname: Kelsey surname: Lowe fullname: Lowe, Kelsey organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 10 givenname: Xavier surname: Carah fullname: Carah, Xavier organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 11 givenname: S. Anna surname: Florin fullname: Florin, S. Anna organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 12 givenname: Jessica surname: McNeil fullname: McNeil, Jessica organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University – sequence: 13 givenname: Delyth surname: Cox fullname: Cox, Delyth organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 14 givenname: Lee J. surname: Arnold fullname: Arnold, Lee J. organization: School of Physical Sciences, the Environment Institute and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide – sequence: 15 givenname: Quan surname: Hua fullname: Hua, Quan organization: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation – sequence: 16 givenname: Jillian surname: Huntley fullname: Huntley, Jillian organization: Place, Evolution, Rock Art, Heritage Unit, School of Humanities, Griffith University – sequence: 17 givenname: Helen E. A. surname: Brand fullname: Brand, Helen E. A. organization: Australian Synchrotron – sequence: 18 givenname: Tiina surname: Manne fullname: Manne, Tiina organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 19 givenname: Andrew surname: Fairbairn fullname: Fairbairn, Andrew organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 20 givenname: James surname: Shulmeister fullname: Shulmeister, James organization: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland – sequence: 21 givenname: Lindsey surname: Lyle fullname: Lyle, Lindsey organization: Department of Anthropology, University of Washington – sequence: 22 givenname: Makiah surname: Salinas fullname: Salinas, Makiah organization: Department of Anthropology, University of Washington – sequence: 23 givenname: Mara surname: Page fullname: Page, Mara organization: Department of Anthropology, University of Washington – sequence: 24 givenname: Kate surname: Connell fullname: Connell, Kate organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 25 givenname: Gayoung surname: Park fullname: Park, Gayoung organization: Department of Anthropology, University of Washington – sequence: 26 givenname: Kasih surname: Norman fullname: Norman, Kasih organization: School of Social Science, University of Queensland – sequence: 27 givenname: Tessa surname: Murphy fullname: Murphy, Tessa organization: Department of Anthropology, University of Washington – sequence: 28 givenname: Colin surname: Pardoe fullname: Pardoe, Colin organization: Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, The Australian National University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726833$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. 2017 COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jul 20, 2017
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Snippet	The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when...
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SubjectTerms	631/181/27 706/689/19/27 Analysis Archaeology Australia Beer Chronology Excavations (Archaeology) Extinction Fossil hominids History Hominids Homo neanderthalensis Homo sapiens denisova Human migration Human origins Humanities and Social Sciences Megafauna multidisciplinary Musical groups Neanderthals Pleistocene Epoch Science Sediments (Geology) Setting (Literature) Stratigraphy Time
Title	Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago
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