Predicting and Changing Behavior The Reasoned Action Approach
This book describes the reasoned action approach, an integrative framework for the prediction and change of human social behavior. It provides an up-to-date review of relevant research, discusses critical issues related to the reasoned action framework, and provides methodological and conceptual too...
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
Psychology Press
2010
Taylor and Francis Taylor & Francis Group |
| Edition: | 1 |
| Subjects: | |
| ISBN: | 9780805859249, 0805859241, 1138995215, 9781138995215 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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Table of Contents:
- Defining and Measuring Perceived Behavioral Control -- Definition of Perceived Behavioral Control -- Self-Efficacy -- Measuring Perceived Behavioral Control -- Self-Efficacy Measures -- Self-Efficacy Versus Perceived Behavioral Control -- Perceived Ease or Difficulty of Behavioral Performance -- Capacity Versus Autonomy: A Hierarchical Model of Perceived Control -- Internal Versus External Sources of Control -- Control Beliefs -- Control Beliefs and Perceived Behavioral Control -- Internal Versus External Control Factors Reconsidered -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 6. Attitudes, Norms, and Control as Predictors of Intentions and Behavior -- Separate Effects of Attitudes, Norms, and Control on Intentions -- Combined Effects of Attitudes, Norms, and Control on Intentions -- Illustrative Evidence for Predictive Validity -- Variations in Regression Coefficients -- Meaning of Regression Coefficients -- Systematic Comparisons of Regression Weights -- Testing Hypotheses About Regression Weights -- Correlational Evidence -- Experimental Evidence -- Mediating Processes -- From Beliefs to Behavior -- Mediated Effects of Beliefs -- The Explanatory Value of Beliefs -- Illustrations -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 7. Background Factors and Origins of Beliefs -- Belief Formation -- Observational Beliefs -- Informational Beliefs -- Inferential Beliefs -- The Nature of Beliefs -- Differences in Beliefs: The Role of Background Factors -- Demographic Variables -- Gender -- Ethnicity -- Further Evidence for the Mediated Effect of Demographic Variables -- Personal Dispositions -- Effects of Personal Dispositions on Beliefs -- Other Background Factors -- Knowledge -- Affect: Moods and Emotions -- Social Environment -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 8. General Attitudes and the Prediction of Behavior
- General Attitudes and Behavioral Patterns -- General Attitudes and Specific Behaviors -- Attitude Strength -- Fazio's MODE Model -- Empirical Support for the MODE Model -- Issues Related to the MODE Model -- Implications of the MODE Model -- Implicit Versus Explicit Attitudes -- Interpreting Implicit Attitude Measures -- General Attitudes as Background Factors -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 9. Challenges to the Reasoned Action Approach -- The Question of Sufficiency -- The Limits of Predictive Validity -- The Normative Component -- The Role of Past Behavior -- Past Behavior and the Prediction of Future Behavior -- Past Behavior and the Prediction of Intentions -- The Residual Effect of Past Behavior on Intentions -- Self-Identity -- Anticipated Affect -- The Question of Rationality -- Deliberative Versus Spontaneous Action -- Limiting Conditions -- Uncontrollable Behaviors and Behaviors Outside of Awareness -- Addictive Behaviors -- Strong Emotions and Intoxication -- Cross-Cultural Applications -- Methodological Issues -- Validity of Questionnaire Measures -- Accessibility of Beliefs -- Consistency Bias -- The Effect of Measuring Intentions -- Correlational Data and Causal Effects -- Persuasive Communication -- Changing Intentions -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 10. Changing Behavior: Theoretical Considerations -- Specifying Intervention Goals -- Defining the Behavior to Be Changed -- Behaviors Versus Goals -- Single Behaviors Versus Behavioral Categories -- Intention Versus Implementation -- Designing an Intervention -- Formative Research -- First Phase -- Second Phase -- Changing Intentions -- Acting on Intentions -- Intervention Strategies Designed to Change Intentions -- Persuasive Communication -- The Hovland Approach -- The Elaboration Likelihood Model -- Argument Quality
- Empirical Support for the Predictive Validity of Perceived Behavioral Control -- Moderating Effects of Perceived Behavioral Control -- Additive Effects of Intentions and Perceived Behavioral Control -- Methodological Considerations in the Prediction of Behavior -- Restriction of Range: Floor and Ceiling Effects -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 3. Attitudes and Their Determinants -- Definition of Attitude -- Attitude Versus Affect -- Measuring Attitudes -- The Semantic Differential -- Instrumental Versus Experiential Aspects of Attitude -- Belief-Based Measures of Attitude -- Factor Analysis of Attitudinal Items -- Can Items and Factors Be Used to Explain an Underlying Attitude? -- Including Factual and Ambivalent Items in Attitude Scales -- The Expectancy-Value Model of Attitude -- Beliefs as a Basis of Attitudes -- Salient Beliefs -- Eliciting Salient Beliefs -- Empirical Support for the Expectancy-Value Model -- Predictive Validity of Salient Versus Nonsalient Beliefs -- Scoring Belief Strength -- Disagreement With Belief Statements -- Issues Related to the Expectancy-Value Model -- Importance of Accessible Beliefs -- Multiplicative Combination Rule -- Attitudinal Ambivalence -- Illustration of the Expectancy-Value Approach to Attitude -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 4. Perceived Norms and Their Determinants -- Perceived Social Pressure -- Compliance With Perceived Social Pressure -- Injunctive Versus Descriptive Norms -- Injunctive Norms -- Determinants of Injunctive Norms -- Modal Normative Beliefs -- Issues Related to Normative Beliefs and Motivation to Comply -- Descriptive Norms -- Measuring Descriptive Norms -- Correlations Between Injunctive and Descriptive Norms -- Discussion and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 5. Perceived Behavioral Control and Its Determinants
- Injunctive Normative Beliefs and Motivation to Comply
- Acceptance, Yielding, and Impact Effects -- Message Content -- Other Influence Strategies -- Stages of Change -- Stages of Change and the Reasoned Action Approach -- Strategies for Helping People Act on Their Intentions -- Implementation Intentions and Commitment -- Evaluating Intervention Effects -- Diagnosing Success and Failure -- Targeting and Tailoring an Intervention -- Searching for the Magic Bullet: Behavioral Aggregates -- Ethical Concerns -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 11. Changing Behavior: Sample Interventions -- Interventions Designed to Change Intentions -- Testicular Self-Examination -- Using Public Transportation -- HIV/AIDS Prevention -- The AIDS Community Demonstration Projects -- Project RESPECT -- Validity of Self-Reported Behavior and Use of Biological Outcome Measures -- Interventions Designed to Help People Act on Their Intentions -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 12. Conclusion -- Retrospective -- Future Directions -- Changing Behavior -- Final Comment -- Notes -- References -- Appendix: Constructing a Reasoned Action Questionnaire -- Part I: Formative Research -- Defining the Behavior -- Example: Physical Activity -- Specifying the Research Population -- Example: Major Heart Surgery Patients -- Formulating Items for Direct Measures -- Attitude: Instrumental and Experiential Aspects -- Perceived Norm: Injunctive and Descriptive Aspects -- Perceived Behavioral Control: Capacity and Autonomy Aspects -- Intention -- Past Behavior -- Administering a Pilot Questionnaire -- Eliciting Salient Beliefs -- Behavioral Outcomes -- Normative Referents -- Control Factors -- Constructing Sets of Modal Salient Beliefs -- Formulating Direct Measures -- Part II: Preparing a Standard Questionnaire -- Behavioral Beliefs and Outcome Evaluations -- Sample Outcome: Faster recovery from my surgery
- Front Cover -- Predicting and Changing Behavior -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Approaches and Explanatory Constructs -- Organizational Behavior -- Job Performance -- Turnover and Other Withdrawal Behaviors -- Political Behavior -- Voting Participation -- Voting Choice -- Discriminatory Behavior -- Empirical Findings -- Implicit Versus Explicit Measures of Prejudice -- Empirical Evidence -- Discussion -- The Reasoned Action Approach -- The Nature of Reasoned Action -- Background Factors -- Related Reasoned Action Models -- Conclusion -- Chapter 2. Defining and Predicting Behavior -- Levels of Generality -- Direct Observation Versus Self-Reports of Behavior -- Varieties of Behavioral Criteria -- Dichotomies, Frequencies, and Magnitudes -- Behavioral Categories -- Validity of Self-Reports -- Behaviors Versus Goals -- Predicting Behavior -- The Concept of Intention -- Behavioral Expectations and Willingness -- Behavioral Expectation -- Willingness -- Using Intentions to Predict Behavior -- The Principle of Compatibility -- Single-Act Dichotomous Criteria -- Single-Act Continuous Criteria -- Behavioral Categories -- Empirical Support for Prediction of Behavior From Intentions -- Self-Reports Versus Objective Measures of Behavior -- Prospective Versus Retrospective Measures of Behavior -- Prediction of Routine Behaviors -- Automaticity -- Factors Influencing the Predictive Validity of Intentions -- Compatibility -- Temporal Stability of Intentions -- Sequential Hurdles -- Volitional Control -- Memory for Intentions -- Intention-Behavior Gap: Literal Inconsistency -- Pseudo-Inconsistency: An Explanation of Literal Inconsistency -- Hypothetical Versus Real Situations -- Perceived Behavioral Control -- Definition and Measurement of Perceived Behavioral Control