Groundwater depletion embedded in international food trade
Global food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the volumes of groundwater depletion associated with global food production and international trade. International food trade causes water depletion (Dalin 21403, Phys Letter) International...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) Jg. 543; H. 7647; S. 700 - 704 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
30.03.2017
Nature Publishing Group |
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| ISSN: | 0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
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| Abstract | Global food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the volumes of groundwater depletion associated with global food production and international trade.
International food trade causes water depletion (Dalin 21403, Phys Letter)
International trade is increasingly transporting 'hidden' resources and environmental factors from one country to another. For example, the water used to produce a spear of asparagus eaten in London might come from irrigation in South America. Similarly, pollution generated in China might be traceable to consumer demand in the United States. Carole Dalin
et al
. now extend this idea to the non-renewable groundwater that is consumed for agricultural trade. They find that 11 per cent of groundwater extraction is linked to agricultural trade, with Pakistan, the United States and India accounting for two-thirds of the global totals. The research reveals the degree to which food consumption in one country can lead to groundwater depletion in others, highlighting the need to better consider issues of sustainability and equity in the international food trade.
Recent hydrological modelling
1
and Earth observations
2
,
3
have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation
1
,
2
,
4
, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world’s food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world’s population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Global food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the volumes of groundwater depletion associated with global food production and international trade.
International food trade causes water depletion (Dalin 21403, Phys Letter)
International trade is increasingly transporting 'hidden' resources and environmental factors from one country to another. For example, the water used to produce a spear of asparagus eaten in London might come from irrigation in South America. Similarly, pollution generated in China might be traceable to consumer demand in the United States. Carole Dalin
et al
. now extend this idea to the non-renewable groundwater that is consumed for agricultural trade. They find that 11 per cent of groundwater extraction is linked to agricultural trade, with Pakistan, the United States and India accounting for two-thirds of the global totals. The research reveals the degree to which food consumption in one country can lead to groundwater depletion in others, highlighting the need to better consider issues of sustainability and equity in the international food trade.
Recent hydrological modelling
1
and Earth observations
2
,
3
have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation
1
,
2
,
4
, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world’s food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world’s population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products. Recent hydrological modelling1 and Earth observations2,3 have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation1,2,4, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world’s food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world’s population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products. Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world's food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world's population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products. Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world's food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world's population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products.Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world's food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world's population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products. Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world's food trade is based on a combination of global, cropspecific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world's population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Dalin, Carole Kastner, Thomas Puma, Michael J. Wada, Yoshihide |
| AuthorAffiliation | 7 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 8 Center for Climate and Life, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA 5 Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands 2 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria 6 Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Alpen-Adria Universitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Graz, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria 1 Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK 3 Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA 4 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA – name: 6 Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Alpen-Adria Universitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Graz, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria – name: 1 Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK – name: 3 Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA – name: 5 Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands – name: 2 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria – name: 7 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany – name: 8 Center for Climate and Life, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Carole surname: Dalin fullname: Dalin, Carole email: c.dalin@ucl.ac.uk organization: Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London – sequence: 2 givenname: Yoshihide surname: Wada fullname: Wada, Yoshihide organization: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas surname: Kastner fullname: Kastner, Thomas organization: Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Alpen-Adria Universitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Graz, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) – sequence: 4 givenname: Michael J. surname: Puma fullname: Puma, Michael J. organization: Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Center for Climate and Life, Columbia University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28358074$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. 2017 COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Nature Publishing Group Mar 30, 2017 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. 2017 – notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group – notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group Mar 30, 2017 |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Author Contributions C.D., Y.W. and M.J.P designed the research. Y.W. carried out the simulation to estimate non-renewable groundwater abstraction per crop class. T.K., M.J.P and C.D. processed the trade data. C.D. performed the analysis. C.D. wrote the paper with help from Y.W., M.J.P and T.K. |
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| Snippet | Global food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the volumes of groundwater depletion associated... Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily... Recent hydrological modelling1 and Earth observations2,3 have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is... |
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| SubjectTerms | 704/172/4081 704/242 706/1143 706/2805 Agricultural Irrigation - economics Agricultural Irrigation - statistics & numerical data Agricultural production Causes of China Commerce - economics Commerce - statistics & numerical data Conservation of Natural Resources - methods Conservation of Natural Resources - trends Crop Production - economics Crop Production - statistics & numerical data Crops Environmental aspects Exports Food Food industry Food production Food supply Food Supply - economics Food Supply - statistics & numerical data Groundwater Groundwater - analysis Groundwater depletion Groundwater irrigation Groundwater management Groundwater overdraft Humanities and Social Sciences Imports India International aspects International economic relations International trade Internationality Iran Irrigation Irrigation (Agriculture) Irrigation water letter Measurement Mexico multidisciplinary Pakistan Resource management Science Sustainability United States Water resources Water security Water shortages Water Supply - economics Water Supply - statistics & numerical data |
| Title | Groundwater depletion embedded in international food trade |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature21403 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28358074 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1884793193 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1882499250 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7427584 |
| Volume | 543 |
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