Groundwater depletion embedded in international food trade

Global food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the volumes of groundwater depletion associated with global food production and international trade. International food trade causes water depletion (Dalin 21403, Phys Letter) International...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature (London) Jg. 543; H. 7647; S. 700 - 704
Hauptverfasser: Dalin, Carole, Wada, Yoshihide, Kastner, Thomas, Puma, Michael J.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London Nature Publishing Group UK 30.03.2017
Nature Publishing Group
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ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract Global food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the volumes of groundwater depletion associated with global food production and international trade. International food trade causes water depletion (Dalin 21403, Phys Letter) International trade is increasingly transporting 'hidden' resources and environmental factors from one country to another. For example, the water used to produce a spear of asparagus eaten in London might come from irrigation in South America. Similarly, pollution generated in China might be traceable to consumer demand in the United States. Carole Dalin et al . now extend this idea to the non-renewable groundwater that is consumed for agricultural trade. They find that 11 per cent of groundwater extraction is linked to agricultural trade, with Pakistan, the United States and India accounting for two-thirds of the global totals. The research reveals the degree to which food consumption in one country can lead to groundwater depletion in others, highlighting the need to better consider issues of sustainability and equity in the international food trade. Recent hydrological modelling 1 and Earth observations 2 , 3 have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation 1 , 2 , 4 , but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world’s food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world’s population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products.
AbstractList Global food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the volumes of groundwater depletion associated with global food production and international trade. International food trade causes water depletion (Dalin 21403, Phys Letter) International trade is increasingly transporting 'hidden' resources and environmental factors from one country to another. For example, the water used to produce a spear of asparagus eaten in London might come from irrigation in South America. Similarly, pollution generated in China might be traceable to consumer demand in the United States. Carole Dalin et al . now extend this idea to the non-renewable groundwater that is consumed for agricultural trade. They find that 11 per cent of groundwater extraction is linked to agricultural trade, with Pakistan, the United States and India accounting for two-thirds of the global totals. The research reveals the degree to which food consumption in one country can lead to groundwater depletion in others, highlighting the need to better consider issues of sustainability and equity in the international food trade. Recent hydrological modelling 1 and Earth observations 2 , 3 have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation 1 , 2 , 4 , but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world’s food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world’s population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products.
Recent hydrological modelling1 and Earth observations2,3 have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation1,2,4, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world’s food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world’s population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products.
Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world's food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world's population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products.
Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world's food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world's population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products.Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world's food trade is based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world's population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products.
Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily due to water withdrawals for irrigation, but its connection with the main driver of irrigation, global food consumption, has not yet been explored. Here we show that approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India alone. Our quantification of groundwater depletion embedded in the world's food trade is based on a combination of global, cropspecific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. A vast majority of the world's population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security. Some countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly exposed to these risks because they both produce and import food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers. Our results could help to improve the sustainability of global food production and groundwater resource management by identifying priority regions and agricultural products at risk as well as the end consumers of these products.
Audience Academic
Author Dalin, Carole
Kastner, Thomas
Puma, Michael J.
Wada, Yoshihide
AuthorAffiliation 7 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
8 Center for Climate and Life, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
5 Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
2 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
6 Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Alpen-Adria Universitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Graz, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
1 Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK
3 Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA
4 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA
– name: 6 Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Alpen-Adria Universitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Graz, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
– name: 1 Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK
– name: 3 Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA
– name: 5 Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
– name: 2 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
– name: 7 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
– name: 8 Center for Climate and Life, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Carole
  surname: Dalin
  fullname: Dalin, Carole
  email: c.dalin@ucl.ac.uk
  organization: Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yoshihide
  surname: Wada
  fullname: Wada, Yoshihide
  organization: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Kastner
  fullname: Kastner, Thomas
  organization: Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Alpen-Adria Universitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Graz, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Michael J.
  surname: Puma
  fullname: Puma, Michael J.
  organization: Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Center for Climate and Life, Columbia University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28358074$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Author Contributions C.D., Y.W. and M.J.P designed the research. Y.W. carried out the simulation to estimate non-renewable groundwater abstraction per crop class. T.K., M.J.P and C.D. processed the trade data. C.D. performed the analysis. C.D. wrote the paper with help from Y.W., M.J.P and T.K.
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29186114 - Nature. 2017 Nov 29
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Snippet Global food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the volumes of groundwater depletion associated...
Recent hydrological modelling and Earth observations have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is primarily...
Recent hydrological modelling1 and Earth observations2,3 have located and quantified alarming rates of groundwater depletion worldwide. This depletion is...
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StartPage 700
SubjectTerms 704/172/4081
704/242
706/1143
706/2805
Agricultural Irrigation - economics
Agricultural Irrigation - statistics & numerical data
Agricultural production
Causes of
China
Commerce - economics
Commerce - statistics & numerical data
Conservation of Natural Resources - methods
Conservation of Natural Resources - trends
Crop Production - economics
Crop Production - statistics & numerical data
Crops
Environmental aspects
Exports
Food
Food industry
Food production
Food supply
Food Supply - economics
Food Supply - statistics & numerical data
Groundwater
Groundwater - analysis
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater irrigation
Groundwater management
Groundwater overdraft
Humanities and Social Sciences
Imports
India
International aspects
International economic relations
International trade
Internationality
Iran
Irrigation
Irrigation (Agriculture)
Irrigation water
letter
Measurement
Mexico
multidisciplinary
Pakistan
Resource management
Science
Sustainability
United States
Water resources
Water security
Water shortages
Water Supply - economics
Water Supply - statistics & numerical data
Title Groundwater depletion embedded in international food trade
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature21403
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28358074
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1884793193
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1882499250
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7427584
Volume 543
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