A Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence from a Mesolithic Wild Aurochs (Bos primigenius)
The derivation of domestic cattle from the extinct wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) has been well-documented by archaeological and genetic studies. Genetic studies point towards the Neolithic Near East as the centre of origin for Bos taurus, with some lines of evidence suggesting possible, albeit rare...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one Jg. 5; H. 2; S. e9255 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
United States
Public Library of Science
17.02.2010
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
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| Zusammenfassung: | The derivation of domestic cattle from the extinct wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) has been well-documented by archaeological and genetic studies. Genetic studies point towards the Neolithic Near East as the centre of origin for Bos taurus, with some lines of evidence suggesting possible, albeit rare, genetic contributions from locally domesticated wild aurochsen across Eurasia. Inferences from these investigations have been based largely on the analysis of partial mitochondrial DNA sequences generated from modern animals, with limited sequence data from ancient aurochsen samples. Recent developments in DNA sequencing technologies, however, are affording new opportunities for the examination of genetic material retrieved from extinct species, providing new insight into their evolutionary history. Here we present DNA sequence analysis of the first complete mitochondrial genome (16,338 base pairs) from an archaeologically-verified and exceptionally-well preserved aurochs bone sample.
DNA extracts were generated from an aurochs humerus bone sample recovered from a cave site located in Derbyshire, England and radiocarbon-dated to 6,738+/-68 calibrated years before present. These extracts were prepared for both Sanger and next generation DNA sequencing technologies (Illumina Genome Analyzer). In total, 289.9 megabases (22.48%) of the post-filtered DNA sequences generated using the Illumina Genome Analyzer from this sample mapped with confidence to the bovine genome. A consensus B. primigenius mitochondrial genome sequence was constructed and was analysed alongside all available complete bovine mitochondrial genome sequences.
For all nucleotide positions where both Sanger and Illumina Genome Analyzer sequencing methods gave high-confidence calls, no discrepancies were observed. Sequence analysis reveals evidence of heteroplasmy in this sample and places this mitochondrial genome sequence securely within a previously identified aurochsen haplogroup (haplogroup P), thus providing novel insights into pre-domestic patterns of variation. The high proportion of authentic, endogenous aurochs DNA preserved in this sample bodes well for future efforts to determine the complete genome sequence of a wild ancestor of domestic cattle. |
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| Bibliographie: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Current address: Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom Conceived and designed the experiments: CJE DAM DGB BL DM. Performed the experiments: CJE DAM AJL AM BS. Analyzed the data: CJE DAM SDEP PAM EKF MR DGB DM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AJL AM BS AC BL. Wrote the paper: CJE DAM SDEP DGB DM. Current address: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0009255 |