A Comprehensive Model of Earth's Magnetic Field Determined from 4 Years of Swarm Satellite Observations
The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an adv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Earth, planets, and space Jg. 70; H. 1; S. 1 - 26 |
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Goddard Space Flight Center
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10.08.2018
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| Abstract | The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced "Comprehensive Inversion" (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semi-diurnal tidal constituent M(sub 2) to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first four years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as "CIY4", including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the M(sub 2) oceanic tide. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation
, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced "Comprehensive Inversion" (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine
Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semi-diurnal tidal constituent
to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the
L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first four years of the
mission and from ground observatories, denoted as "CIY4", including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the
oceanic tide. Abstract The European Space Agency’s three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth’s magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced “comprehensive inversion” (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semidiurnal tidal constituent $$M_2$$ M2 to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first 4 years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as “CIY4,” including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the $$M_2$$ M2 oceanic tide. The European Space Agency’s three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth’s magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced “comprehensive inversion” (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semidiurnal tidal constituent M2 to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first 4 years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as “CIY4,” including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the M2 oceanic tide. The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced "comprehensive inversion" (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semidiurnal tidal constituent [Formula omitted] to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first 4 years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as "CIY4," including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the [Formula omitted] oceanic tide. The European Space Agency’s three-satellite constellation Swarm , launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth’s magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced “comprehensive inversion” (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semidiurnal tidal constituent M 2 to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first 4 years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as “CIY4,” including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the M 2 oceanic tide. The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced "Comprehensive Inversion" (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semi-diurnal tidal constituent M(sub 2) to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first four years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as "CIY4", including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the M(sub 2) oceanic tide. The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced "Comprehensive Inversion" (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semi-diurnal tidal constituent M 2 to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first four years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as "CIY4", including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the M 2 oceanic tide.The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced "Comprehensive Inversion" (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semi-diurnal tidal constituent M 2 to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first four years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as "CIY4", including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the M 2 oceanic tide. The European Space Agency’s three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth’s magnetic field via a unique set of gradiometric and multi-satellite measurements from low Earth orbit. In order to exploit these measurements, an advanced “comprehensive inversion” (CI) algorithm has been developed to optimally separate the various major magnetic field sources in the near-Earth regime. The CI algorithm is used to determine Swarm Level-2 (L2) magnetic field data products that include the core, lithospheric, ionospheric, magnetospheric, and associated induced sources. In addition, it has become apparent that the CI is capable of extracting the magnetic signal associated with the oceanic principal lunar semidiurnal tidal constituent $$M_2$$ M2 to such an extent that it has been added to the L2 data product line. This paper presents the parent model of the Swarm L2 CI products derived with measurements from the first 4 years of the Swarm mission and from ground observatories, denoted as “CIY4,” including the new product describing the magnetic signal of the $$M_2$$ M2 oceanic tide. |
| ArticleNumber | 130 |
| Audience | PUBLIC Academic |
| Author | Finlay, Christopher C. Toeffner-Clausen, Lars Sabaka, Terence J. Olsen, Nils |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Terence J. orcidid: 0000-0002-3474-5444 surname: Sabaka fullname: Sabaka, Terence J. organization: Goddard Space Flight Center – sequence: 2 givenname: Lars surname: Toeffner-Clausen fullname: Toeffner-Clausen, Lars organization: Technical University of Denmark – sequence: 3 givenname: Nils surname: Olsen fullname: Olsen, Nils organization: Technical University of Denmark – sequence: 4 givenname: Christopher C. surname: Finlay fullname: Finlay, Christopher C. organization: Technical University of Denmark |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30906198$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Field Modeling Swarm Satellites satellites Geomagnetism Field modeling Tides Swarm satellites |
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| Snippet | The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via... The European Space Agency’s three-satellite constellation Swarm , launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth’s magnetic field... The European Space Agency's three-satellite constellation , launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth's magnetic field via a... The European Space Agency’s three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth’s magnetic field via... Abstract The European Space Agency’s three-satellite constellation Swarm, launched in November 2013, has provided unprecedented monitoring of Earth’s magnetic... |
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| SubjectTerms | 1. Geomagnetism Algorithms Diurnal variations Earth Earth and Environmental Science Earth orbits Earth Sciences Field modeling Geology Geomagnetic fields Geomagnetism Geophysics Geophysics/Geodesy Low earth orbits Magnetic fields Magnetic measurement Magnetic properties Magnetospheres Observations Observatories Orbits (Astrophysics) Satellite observation Satellites Satellites (Spacecraft) Space missions Surveys Swarm satellites Tides |
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| Title | A Comprehensive Model of Earth's Magnetic Field Determined from 4 Years of Swarm Satellite Observations |
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