Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines

Power quality of power systems affects all connected electrical and electronic equipment. Power quality is a measure of deviations in voltage and frequency of the particular supply system. In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in nonlinear loads; in particular distributed loads, su...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fuchs, Ewald F., Masoum, Mohammad A. S.
Format: eBook Book
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam ; Tokyo Elsevier 2008
Elsevier Academic Press
Elsevier Science & Technology
Academic Press
Edition:1
Subjects:
Electric power system stability
Electric power systems
Electric power systems - Quality control
Electrical & Power Engineering
Electrical Devices & Equipment
Quality control
ISBN:0123695368, 9780123695369
Online Access:Get full text
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Table of Contents:
  • Title Page Preface Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Power Quality 2. Harmonic Models of Transformers 3. Modeling and Analysis of Induction Machines 4. Modeling and Analysis of Synchronous Machines 5. Interaction of Harmonics with Capacitors 6. Lifetime Reduction of Transformers and Induction Machines 7. Power System Modeling under Nonsinusoidal Operating Conditions 8. Impact of Poor Power Quality on Reliability, Relaying, and Security 9. The Roles of Filters in Power Systems 10. Optimal Placement and Sizing of Shunt Capacitor Banks in the Presence of Harmonics 11. Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) Appendices Index
  • A5.3 THE 4.5 kVA THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER BANK #2 -- A5.4 THE 15 kVA THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER BANK -- A5.5 THREE-PHASE DIODE BRIDGE -- A5.6 HALF-CONTROLLED THREE-PHASE SIX-STEP INVERTER -- A5.7 CONTROLLED THREE-PHASE RESONANT RECTIFIER [12, CHAPTER 2] -- A5.8 CONTROLLED THREE-PHASE PWM INVERTER [12, CHAPTER 2] -- APPENDIX 6: Measurement Error of Powers -- A6.1 MEASUREMENT ERROR OF POWERS -- A6.2 NAMEPLATE DATA OF MEASURED TRANSFORMERS -- APPENDIX 7: Solutions to Examples from Chapters -- Index
  • 6.9 REDUCTION OF LIFETIME OF COMPONENTS WITH ACTIVATION ENERGY E = 1.1 EV DUE TO HARMONICS OF THE TERMINAL VOLTAGE WITHIN RESIDENTIAL OR COMMERCIAL UTILITY SYSTEMS -- 6.10 POSSIBLE LIMITS FOR HARMONIC VOLTAGES -- 6.11 PROBABILISTIC AND TIME-VARYING NATURE OF HARMONICS -- 6.12 THE COST OF HARMONICS -- 6.13 TEMPERATURE AS A FUNCTION OF TIME -- 6.14 VARIOUS OPERATING MODES OF ROTATING MACHINES -- 6.15 SUMMARY -- 6.16 PROBLEMS -- 6.17 REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7: Power System Modeling under Nonsinusoidal Operating Conditions -- 7.1 OVERVIEW OF A MODERN POWER SYSTEM -- 7.2 POWER SYSTEM MATRICES -- 7.3 FUNDAMENTAL POWER FLOW -- 7.4 NEWTON-BASED HARMONIC POWER FLOW -- 7.5 CLASSIFICATION OF HARMONIC POWER FLOW TECHNIQUES -- 7.6 SUMMARY -- 7.7 PROBLEMS -- 7.8 REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8: Impact of Poor Power Quality on Reliability, Relaying, and Security -- 8.1 RELIABILITY INDICES -- 8.2 DEGRADATION OF RELIABILITY AND SECURITY DUE TO POOR POWER QUALITY -- 8.3 TOOLS FOR DETECTING POOR POWER QUALITY -- 8.4 TOOLS FOR IMPROVING RELIABILITY AND SECURITY -- 8.5 LOAD SHEDDING AND LOAD MANAGEMENT -- 8.6 ENERGY-STORAGE METHODS -- 8.7 MATCHING THE OPERATION OF INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE POWER PLANTS WITH ENERGY STORAGE -- 8.8 SUMMARY -- 8.9 PROBLEMS -- 8.10 REFERENCES -- 8.11 ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 9: The Roles of Filters in Power Systems -- 9.1 TYPES OF NONLINEAR LOADS -- 9.2 CLASSIFICATION OF FILTERS EMPLOYED IN POWER SYSTEMS -- 9.3 PASSIVE FILTERS AS USED IN POWER SYSTEMS -- 9.4 ACTIVE FILTERS -- 9.5 HYBRID POWER FILTERS -- 9.6 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ACTIVE FILTERS -- 9.7 CONTROL OF FILTERS -- 9.8. SUMMARY -- 9.9 REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10: Optimal Placement and Sizing of Shunt Capacitor Banks in the Presence of Harmonics -- 10.1 REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION -- 10.2 COMMON TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION SHUNT CAPACITOR BANKS
  • Front cover -- Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines -- Copyright page -- Preface -- Table of contents -- CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Power Quality -- 1.1 DEFINITION OF POWER QUALITY -- 1.2 CAUSES OF DISTURBANCES IN POWER SYSTEMS -- 1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF POWER QUALITY ISSUES -- 1.4 FORMULATIONS AND MEASURES USED FOR POWER QUALITY -- 1.5 EFFECTS OF POOR POWER QUALITY ON POWER SYSTEM DEVICES -- 1.6 STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES REFERRING TO POWER QUALITY -- 1.7 HARMONIC MODELING PHILOSOPHIES -- 1.8 POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES -- 1.9 SUMMARY -- 1.10 PROBLEMS -- 1.11 REFERENCES -- 1.12 ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 2: Harmonic Models of Transformers -- 2.1 SINUSOIDAL (LINEAR) MODELING OF TRANSFORMERS -- 2.2 HARMONIC LOSSES IN TRANSFORMERS -- 2.3 DERATING OF SINGLE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS -- 2.4 NONLINEAR HARMONIC MODELS OF TRANSFORMERS -- 2.5 FERRORESONANCE OF POWER TRANSFORMERS -- 2.6 EFFECTS OF SOLAR-GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES ON POWER SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMERS -- 2.7 GROUNDING -- 2.8 MEASUREMENT OF DERATING OF THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS -- 2.9 SUMMARY -- 2.10 PROBLEMS -- 2.11 REFERENCES -- 2.12 ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 3: Modeling and Analysis of Induction Machines -- 3.1 COMPLETE SINUSOIDAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE -- 3.2 MAGNETIC FIELDS OF THREE-PHASE MACHINES FOR THE CALCULATION OF INDUCTIVE MACHINE PARAMETERS -- 3.3 STEADY-STATE STABILITY OF A THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE -- 3.4 SPATIAL (SPACE) HARMONICS OF A THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE -- 3.5 TIME HARMONICS OF A THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE -- 3.6 FUNDAMENTAL AND HARMONIC TORQUES OF AN INDUCTION MACHINE -- 3.7 MEASUREMENT RESULTS FOR THREE- AND SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES -- 3.8 INTER- AND SUBHARMONIC TORQUES OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES -- 3.9 INTERACTION OF SPACE AND TIME HARMONICS OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES
  • 3.10 CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING INDUCTION MACHINE HARMONICS -- 3.11 VOLTAGE-STRESS WINDING FAILURES OF AC MOTORS FED BY VARIABLE-FREQUENCY, VOLTAGE- AND CURRENT-SOURCE PWM INVERTERS -- 3.12 NONLINEAR HARMONIC MODELS OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES -- 3.13 STATIC AND DYNAMIC ROTOR ECCENTRICITY OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES -- 3.14 OPERATION OF THREE-PHASE MACHINES WITHIN A SINGLE-PHASE POWER SYSTEM -- 3.15 CLASSIFICATION OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES -- 3.16 SUMMARY -- 3.17 PROBLEMS -- 3.18 REFERENCES -- 3.19 ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 4: Modeling and Analysis of Synchronous Machines -- 4.1 SINUSOIDAL STATE-SPACE MODELING OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE IN THE TIME DOMAIN -- 4.2 STEADY-STATE, TRANSIENT, AND SUBTRANSIENT OPERATION -- 4.3 HARMONIC MODELING OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE -- 4.4 SUMMARY -- 4.5 PROBLEMS -- 4.6 REFERENCES -- 4.7 ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 5: Interaction of Harmonics with Capacitors -- 5.1 APPLICATION OF CAPACITORS TO POWER-FACTOR CORRECTION -- 5.2 APPLICATION OF CAPACITORS TO REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION -- 5.3 APPLICATION OF CAPACITORS TO HARMONIC FILTERING -- 5.4 POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPACITORS -- 5.5 FREQUENCY AND CAPACITANCE SCANNING -- 5.6 HARMONIC CONSTRAINTS FOR CAPACITORS -- 5.7 EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS OF CAPACITORS -- 5.8 SUMMARY -- 5.9 PROBLEMS -- 5.10 REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6: Lifetime Reduction of Transformers and Induction Machines -- 6.1 RATIONALE FOR RELYING ON THE WORST-CASE CONDITIONS -- 6.2 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE RISE DUE TO VOLTAGE HARMONICS -- 6.3 WEIGHTED-HARMONIC FACTORS -- 6.4 EXPONENTS OF WEIGHTED-HARMONIC FACTORS -- 6.5 ADDITIONAL LOSSES OR TEMPERATURE RISES VERSUS WEIGHTED-HARMONIC FACTORS -- 6.6 ARRHENIUS PLOTS -- 6.7 REACTION RATE EQUATION -- 6.8 DECREASE OF LIFETIME DUE TO AN ADDITIONAL TEMPERATURE RISE
  • 10.3 CLASSIFICATION OF CAPACITOR ALLOCATION TECHNIQUES FOR SINUSOIDAL OPERATING CONDITIONS -- 10.4 OPTIMAL PLACEMENT AND SIZING OF SHUNT CAPACITOR BANKS IN THE PRESENCE OF HARMONICS -- 10.5 SUMMARY -- 10.6 REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11: Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) -- 11.1 COMPENSATION DEVICES AT FUNDAMENTAL AND HARMONIC FREQUENCIES -- 11.2 UNIFIED POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER (UPQC) -- 11.3 THE UPQC CONTROL SYSTEM -- 11.4 UPQC CONTROL USING THE PARK (DQ0) TRANSFORMATION -- 11.5 UPQC CONTROL BASED ON THE INSTANTANEOUS REAL AND IMAGINARY POWER THEORY -- 11.6 PERFORMANCE OF THE UPQC -- 11.7 SUMMARY -- 11.8 REFERENCES -- APPENDIX 1: Sampling Techniques -- 1.1 WHAT CRITERION IS USED TO SELECT THE SAMPLING RATE (SEE LINE 500 OF TWO-CHANNEL PROGRAM [81, CHAPTER 2])? -- 1.2 WHAT CRITERION IS USED TO SELECT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CONVERSIONS (LINE 850 OF THE TWO-CHANNEL PROGRAM [81, CHAPTER 2])? -- 1.3 WHY ARE THE TWO-CHANNEL PROGRAM DIMENSION AND THE ARRAY FOR THE CHANNEL NUMBER NOT USED FOR THE FIVE-CHANNEL PROGRAM [81, CHAPTER 2]? -- 1.4 WHAT IS THE CRITERION FOR SELECTING THE MULTIPLYING FACTOR IN STEP 9 (0.004882812 ª 0.004883) FOR THE TWO- AND FIVE-CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS? -- 1.5 WHY IS IN STEP 9 OF THE TWO-CHANNEL PROGRAM (LINE 1254) THE ARRAY DA(N + 10) OR DA(733), AND IN THE FIVE-CHANNEL PROGRAM (LINE 1233) THE ARRAY IS DA(368)? -- APPENDIX 2: Program List for Fourier Analysis [81, Chapter 2] -- A2.1 FOURIER ANALYSIS PROGRAM LIST -- A2.2 OUTPUT OF THE FOURIER ANALYSIS PROGRAM -- APPENDIX 3: Program List for Propagation of a Surge through a Distribution Feeder with an Insulator Flashover (Application Example 2.9) -- APPENDIX 4: Program List for Lightning Arrester Operation (Application Example 2.10) -- APPENDIX 5: Equipment for Tests -- A5.1 THE 9 kVA THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER BANK -- A5.2 THE 4.5 kVA THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER BANK #1