Taking Scope The Natural Semantics of Quantifiers
A novel view of the syntax and semantics of quantifier scope that argues for a “combinatory” theory of natural language syntax. In Taking Scope, Mark Steedman considers the syntax and semantics of quantifier scope in interaction with negation, polarity, coordination, and pronominal binding, among ot...
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| Format: | eBook Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge, Mass
The MIT Press
2011
MIT Press |
| Edition: | 1 |
| Series: | The MIT Press |
| Subjects: | |
| ISBN: | 0262017075, 9780262017077 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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Table of Contents:
- Cover Title Page, Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Prologue Chapter 2 Introduction Part I Natural Semantics Chapter 3 The Natural History of Scope Chapter 4 Semantics without Existential Quantifiers Chapter 5 Model Theory Part II Natural Grammar Chapter 6 Combinatory Categorial Grammar Chapter 7 Quantification and Pronominal Anaphora Part III Scope, Coordination, and Polarity Chapter 8 Inverse Scope Chapter 9 Distributional Scope of Plurals Chapter 10 Coordination and Scope Chapter 11 Negation and Polarity Chapter 12 Related Approaches Part IV Applications and Conclusions Chapter 13 Efficient Processing with CCG Chapter 14 Conclusion References Index
- Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1- Prologue -- 1.1 Why Quantifiers Matter -- 1.2 Quantifiers and Question Answering -- Chapter 2- Introduction -- 2.1 Representing Scope Alternation -- 2.2 Grammar and Explanation -- 2.3 Natural Grammar -- 2.4 Composition, Constructions, and Strong Lexicalization -- 2.5 Against (Most) Generalized Quantifiers -- 2.6 Processing Scope -- 2.7 The Argument -- Part I: Natural Semantics -- Chapter 3- The Natural History of Scope -- 3.1 Asymmetries in Scope Taking -- 3.2 The Canadian Flag Exception -- 3.3 Plural Quantifier Nominals -- 3.4 Negation and Scope -- 3.5 Pronouns and Scope -- 3.6 A Narrow Definition of Bound-Variable Anaphora -- 3.7 Early Approaches to Scope Alternation -- Chapter 4- Semantics without Existential Quantifiers -- 4.1 Donkey Sentences -- 4.2 Intensionality -- 4.3 Definites -- 4.4 Pronouns -- 4.5 Indefinites -- 4.6 Distributivity -- 4.7 Maximal Participancy of Plurals -- 4.8 Negation, Polarity, and Monotone Entailment -- Chapter 5- Model Theory -- 5.1 Nonstandard Features of the Model Theory -- 5.2 Syntax -- 5.3 Semantics -- 5.4 Examples -- 5.5 Remarks -- Part II: Natural Grammar -- Chapter 6- Combinatory Categorial Grammar -- 6.1 The Categorial Lexicon -- 6.2 Combinatory Rules -- 6.3 Binding and Control -- 6.4 Relativization -- 6.5 Embedded Subject Extraction -- 6.6 Pied-Piping and In Situ Wh-Items -- 6.7 Coordination -- 6.8 Apparent Exceptions to the Across-the-Board Condition -- 6.9 Argument/Adjunct Cluster Coordination -- 6.10 Coordination of "Unlike" Types -- 6.11 On the Symmetry of Left and Right Extraction -- 6.12 Expressive Power and Computational Complexity of CCG -- 6.13 A Comparison with Categorial Type Logic and Lambek Grammars -- Chapter 7- Quantification and Pronominal Anaphora -- 7.1 Generalized Quantifiers -- 7.2 Skolem Terms -- 7.3 Definites -- 7.4 Pronouns
- 7.5 Bound-Variable Anaphora -- Part III: Scope, Coordination, and Polarity -- Chapter 8- Inverse Scope -- 8.1 How True Universal Quantifiers Invert Scope -- 8.2 "Inverse Linking" -- 8.3 "Frozen" Scope -- 8.4 "Intermediate" Scope -- 8.5 Asymmetric Scope in English Embedded Universal Subjects -- 8.6 Asymmetric Scope in German and Dutch -- 8.7 Why Nonuniversals Do Not Invert -- Chapter 9- Distributional Scope of Plurals -- 9.1 Distributivity -- 9.2 The Proportion Problem -- 9.3 Counting Quantifiers -- 9.4 Distributivity and Word Order in English and Japanese -- Chapter 10- Coordination and Scope -- 10.1 Plural Coordination -- 10.2 Quantifier Coordination -- 10.2.1 Collective Coordination -- 10.2.2 Distributive Coordination -- 10.3 "Branching Quantifiers" -- 10.4 Across-the-Board Scope Alternation -- 10.5 Parallelism and ATB Scope Taking -- Chapter 11- Negation and Polarity -- 11.1 Negation and Entailment -- 11.2 Polarized Determiners -- 11.2.1 Some -- 11.2.2 Any -- 11.2.3 Each and Every -- 11.2.4 Indefinites -- 11.2.5 No -- 11.3 "Split Scope" -- 11.4 Not Every and Not All -- 11.5 Pronouns and Polarity -- 11.6 Multiple Negation -- 11.7 A Note on Negative-Concord Dialects of English -- 11.8 Negative Scope and Coordination -- Chapter 12- Related Approaches -- 12.1 Discourse Representation Theory -- 12.2 E-Type Pronouns -- 12.3 Underspecification -- 12.4 Storage -- 12.5 Call-by-Name -- Part IV: Applications and Conclusions -- Chapter 13- Efficient Processing with CCG -- 13.1 Parsing with CCG -- 13.2 Building Logical Forms with CCG -- 13.3 Processing Scope and Pronominal Reference in CCG -- 13.4 String Generation from Logical Forms Using CCG -- 13.5 The Use of Scope -- 13.6 Entailment -- 13.7 Human Sentence Processing -- Chapter 14- Conclusion -- References -- Index