Insect outbreaks revisited
The abundance of insects can change dramatically from generation to generation; these generational changes may occur within a growing season or over a period of years. Such extraordinary density changes or "outbreaks" may be abrupt and ostensibly random, or population peaks may occur in a...
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| Médium: | E-kniha Kniha |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Chichester
WILEY
2012
John Wiley & Sons Wiley John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated Wiley-Blackwell |
| Vydání: | 1 |
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| ISBN: | 9781444337594, 1118253868, 1444337599, 9781118253861, 9781118253847, 1118253841 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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- Insect outbreaks revisited -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Part I: Physiological and Life History Perspectives -- 1. Insect Herbivore Outbreaks Viewed through a Physiological Framework: Insights from Orthoptera -- 2. The Dynamical Effects of Interactions between Inducible Plant Resistance and Food Limitation during Insect Outbreaks -- 3. Immune Responses and Their Potential Role in Insect Outbreaks -- 4. The Role of Ecological Stoichiometry in Outbreaks of Insect Herbivores -- Part II: Population Dynamics and Multispecies Interactions -- 5. Plant-Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics -- 6. Spatial Synchrony of Insect Outbreaks -- 7. What Tree-Ring Reconstruction Tells Us about Conifer Defoliator Outbreaks -- 8. Insect-Associated Microorganisms and Their Possible Role in Outbreaks -- Part III: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Ecology -- 9. Life History Traits and Host Plant Use in Defoliators and Bark Beetles: Implications for Population Dynamics -- 10. The Ecological Consequences of Insect Outbreaks -- 11. Insect Outbreaks in Tropical Forests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Consequences -- 12. Outbreaks and Ecosystem Services -- Part IV: Genetics and Evolution -- 13. Evidence for Outbreaks from the Fossil Record of Insect Herbivory -- 14. Implications of Host-Associated Differentiation in the Control of Pest Species -- Part V: Applied Perspectives -- 15. Disasters by Design: Outbreaks along Urban Gradients -- 16. Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks -- 17. Natural Enemies and Insect Outbreaks in Agriculture: A Landscape Perspective -- 18. Integrated Pest Management - Outbreaks Prevented, Delayed, or Facilitated? -- 19. Insect Invasions: Lessons from Biological Control of Weeds -- 20. Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Outbreak Potential -- Subject Index -- Taxonomic Index
- 10.7 Conclusions -- 11 Insect Outbreaks in Tropical Forests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Consequences -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Defining, categorizing, and detecting tropical insect outbreaks -- 11.3 Outbreaks in managed systems have biotic linkages to intact forests and vice versa -- 11.4 What taxa are likely to outbreak, and which traits predispose species to outbreak? -- 11.5 Likelihood of outbreaks within a stand and across transitions from dry to wet forests -- 11.6 The consequences of outbreaks for plant communities and species coexistence -- 11.7 Global change, disturbance, and outbreaks -- 11.8 Critical hypotheses need to be tested: A guide for future research on outbreaks -- 11.9 Conclusions -- 12 Outbreaks and Ecosystem Services -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Effects on provisioning services -- 12.3 Effects on cultural services -- 12.4 Effects on supporting services -- 12.5 Effects on regulating services -- 12.6 Conclusions -- PART IV GENETICS AND EVOLUTION -- 13 Evidence for Outbreaks from the Fossil Record of Insect Herbivory -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 A broad operational definition of insect outbreaks in the fossil record -- 13.3 The curious case of the discovery, outbreaks, and extinction of the rocky mountain grasshopper -- 13.4 Insect outbreaks in shallow time: The holocene spruce budworm and eastern hemlock looper -- 13.5 Insect outbreaks in deep time: focused folivory from four fossil floras -- 13.6 The macroevolutionary significance of insect outbreaks -- 13.7 Summary and conclusions -- 14 Implications of Host-Associated Differentiation in the Control of Pest Species -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Host-associated differentiation in herbivorous insect pests -- 14.3 Host-associated differentiation in parasitoids -- 14.4 Impact of host-associated differentiation in agricultural practices -- 14.5 Conclusions
- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Direct induced resistance and herbivory -- 5.3 Plant tolerance and herbivory -- 5.4 Plant indirect resistance affecting arthropod community interactions -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Spatial Synchrony of Insect Outbreaks -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Quantifying synchrony -- 6.3 Causes of spatial synchrony -- 6.4 The ubiquity of synchrony and its implications -- 7 What Tree-Ring Reconstruction Tells Us about Conifer Defoliator Outbreaks -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methodological considerations -- 7.3 Reconstructions of outbreak histories -- 7.4 Conclusions -- 8 Insect-Associated Microorganisms and Their Possible Role in Outbreaks -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Microbial assemblages within Insects -- 8.3 Can microbial genetic contributions facilitate host insect outbreaks? -- 8.4 Symbiosis-facilitated insect outbreaks in new habitats -- 8.5 Microbial symbionts as modulators of pest population dynamics -- 8.6 Manipulating microbes to affect insect outbreaks -- PART III POPULATION, COMMUNITY, AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY -- 9 Life History Traits and Host Plant Use in Defoliators and Bark Beetles: Implications for Population Dynamics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Theoretical advances -- 9.3 Case study 1: Macrolepidoptera -- 9.4 Case study 2: Diprionid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) -- 9.5 Case study 3: Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) -- 9.6 Discussion and conclusions -- 10 The Ecological Consequences of Insect Outbreaks -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Outbreaking insects as consumers: Does outbreak herbivory reduce plant growth? -- 10.3 Outbreaking insects as ecosystem engineers: How do insect outbreaks affect succession? -- 10.4 Outbreaking insects as competitors: Do insect outbreaks increase competition? -- 10.5 Outbreaking insects as resources: Do insect outbreaks increase resource availability? -- 10.6 Key themes and future directions
- Intro -- Insect Outbreaks Revisited -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- PART I PHYSIOLOGICAL AND LIFE HISTORY PERSPECTIVES -- 1 Insect Herbivore Outbreaks Viewed through a Physiological Framework: Insights from Orthoptera -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Which conditions favor the individual, and can lead to insect herbivore outbreaks? -- 1.3 The plant-stress paradigm -- 1.4 Insect herbivore outbreaks - where do we go from here? -- 2 The Dynamical Effects of Interactions between Inducible Plant Resistance and Food Limitation during Insect Outbreaks -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Inducible resistance and insect outbreaks -- 2.3 Food limitation and insect outbreaks -- 2.4 Interactive effects of inducible resistance and food limitation -- 2.5 A note on multiple drivers of outbreaks -- 2.6 Future directions -- 2.7 Concluding remarks -- 3 Immune Responses and Their Potential Role in Insect Outbreaks -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The insect immune response -- 3.3 Sources of variation in immune response associated with outbreaks -- 3.4 Traits or conditions associated with outbreak species -- 3.5 Hypotheses on insect outbreaks and the immune response -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 4 The Role of Ecological Stoichiometry in Outbreaks of Insect Herbivores -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Ecological and biological stoichiometry -- 4.3 Nutrient ratios and insect herbivory -- 4.4 The growth rate hypothesis and insect outbreaks -- 4.5 Variance in host plant stoichiometry and insect outbreaks -- 4.6 Outbreak population dynamics models incorporating stoichiometry -- 4.7 Impact of insect outbreaks on plant and environmental stoichiometry -- 4.8 Ecological stoichiometry and natural enemy regulation of outbreaks -- 4.9 Conclusions -- PART II POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MULTISPECIES INTERACTIONS -- 5 Plant-Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics
- PART V APPLIED PERSPECTIVES -- 15 Disasters by Design: Outbreaks along Urban Gradients -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Case studies of arthropod outbreaks along urban gradients -- 15.3 Features and mechanisms contributing to outbreaks -- 15.4 Conclusions -- 16 Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Definitions: field-evolved resistance and outbreaks -- 16.3 Evidence: has resistance to Bt crops caused pest outbreaks? -- 16.4 Conclusion -- 17 Natural Enemies and Insect Outbreaks in Agriculture: A Landscape Perspective -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Landscape influences on natural enemies and herbivore suppression -- 17.3 Scales at which landscapes influence natural enemies and outbreaks -- 17.4 Interaction of predator biology and landscape traits -- 17.5 Managing agricultural landscapes to prevent insect outbreaks -- 17.6 Conclusions -- 18 Integrated Pest Management - Outbreaks Prevented, Delayed, or Facilitated? -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Historical development of IPM in the United States -- 18.3 The nature of the beast -- 18.4 Integrating insect suppression tactics through IPM -- 18.5 Conclusions -- 19 Insect Invasions: Lessons from Biological Control of Weeds -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Population establishment -- 19.3 Population growth and spatial spread -- 19.4 Abiotic influences on insect dynamics -- 19.5 Biotic interactions affecting insect dynamics -- 19.6 Summary -- 20 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Outbreak Potential -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Direct and indirect effects of climate warming on life history traits -- 20.3 Climate and expansion of outbreak range -- 20.4 Principles of population dynamics as related to climate change -- 20.5 Synthesis -- Subject Index -- Taxonomic Index -- Supplemental Images