The transhumanist reader classical and contemporary essays on the science, technology, and philosophy of the human future.
The first authoritative and comprehensive survey of the origins and current state of transhumanist thinking The rapid pace of emerging technologies is playing an increasingly important role in overcoming fundamental human limitations. Featuring core writings by seminal thinkers in the speculative po...
Uložené v:
| Hlavní autori: | , |
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| Médium: | E-kniha Kniha |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
Chichester, West Sussex, UK
WILEY
2013
Wiley-Blackwell, an imprint of John Wiley & Sons Wiley John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated Wiley-Blackwell |
| Vydanie: | 1 |
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| ISBN: | 9781118334294, 1118334310, 1118334299, 9781118334317, 9781118555965, 1118555961, 9781118555996, 1118555996, 1118555929, 9781118555927 |
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- The transhumanist reader: classical and contemporary essays on the science, technology, and philosophy of the human future -- About the editors -- Contents -- Contributor biographies -- Part I. Roots and core themes -- 1. The philosophy of transhumanism -- 2. Aesthetics: bringing the arts & design into the discussion of transhumanism -- 3. Why I want to be a posthuman when I grow up -- 4. Transhumanist declaration (2012) -- 5. Morphological freedom - why we not just want it, but need it -- Part II. Human enhancement the somatic sphere -- 6. Welcome to the future of medicine -- 7. Life expansion media -- 8. The hybronaut affair: a ménage of art, technology, and science -- 9. Transavatars -- 10. Alternative biologies -- Part III. Human enhancement: the cognitive sphere -- 11. Re-inventing ourselves: the plasticity of embodiment, sensing, and mind -- 12. Artificial general intelligence and the future of humanity -- 13. Intelligent information filters and enhanced reality -- 14. Uploading to substrate-independent minds -- 15. Uploading -- Part IV. Core technologies -- 16. Why freud was the first good al theorist -- 17. Pigs in cyberspace -- 18. Nanocomputers -- 19. Immortalist fictions and strategies -- 20. Dialogue between ray kurzweil and eric drexler -- Part V. Engines of life identity and beyond death -- 21. The curate’s egg of anti-anti-aging bioethics -- 22. Medical time travel -- 23. Transhumanism and personal identity -- 24. Transcendent engineering -- Part VI. Enhanced decision-making -- 25. Idea futures: encouraging an honest consensus -- 26. The proactionary principle: optimizing technological outcomes -- 27. The open society and its media -- Part VII. Biopolitics and policy -- 28. Performance enhancement and legal theory: an interview with Professor Michael H. Shapiro -- 29. Justifying human enhancement: the accumulation of biocultural capital -- 30. The battle for the future -- 31. Mind is deeper than matter: transgenderism, transhumanism, and the freedom of form -- 32. For enhancing people -- 33. Is enhancement worthy of being a right? -- 34. Freedom by design: transhumanist values and cognitive liberty -- Part VIII. Future trajectories singularity -- 35. Technological singularity -- 36. An overview of models of technological singularity -- 37. A critical discussion of vinge’s singularity concept -- Part IX. The world’s most dangerous idea -- 38. The great transition: ideas and anxieties -- 39. Trans and post -- 40. Back to nature II: art and technology in the twenty-first century -- 41. A letter to mother nature -- 42. Progress and relinquishment -- Index
- Intro -- The Transhumanist Reader: Classical and Contemporary Essays on the Science, Technology, and Philosophy of the Human Future -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributor Biographies -- Part I Roots and Core Themes -- 1 The Philosophy of Transhumanism -- The Philosophy -- History -- Currents -- Misconceptions -- References -- 2 Aesthetics Bringing the Arts & -- Design into the Discussion of Transhumanism -- Introduction -- Current Discussion -- Form and Perception -- Adaptation -- Relationship -- A Field -- A Study -- Concluding Thoughts -- Notes -- References -- 3 Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow Up -- Setting the Stage -- Becoming Posthuman -- Healthspan -- Cognition -- Emotion -- Structure of the Argument, and Further Supporting Reasons -- Personal Identity -- Commitments -- Ways of Life -- Human Nature -- Brief Sketches of Some Objections and Replies -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4 Transhumanist Declaration (2012) -- 5 Morphological Freedom - Why We Not Just Want It, but Need It -- Morphological Freedom as a Right -- What Possibilities Do We See Today and Tomorrow? -- Morphological Freedom and Society -- Why Do We Want It? -- Why Do We Need Morphological Freedom? -- Morphological Freedom and Future Healthcare -- Conclusions -- Note -- References -- Part II Human Enhancement The Somatic Sphere -- 6 Welcome to the Future of Medicine -- Introduction -- What is Nanomedicine? -- Nanorobotics -- Nanorobotics Revolution by the 2020s -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Life Expansion Media -- Living -- Matter -- Degeneration/Regeneration -- Transmutation -- Dialectics of Desirability and Viability -- Cybernetics -- Human-machine Interfaces and the Prosthetic Body -- Life Expansion -- Notes -- References -- 8 The Hybronaut Affair A Ménage of Art, Technology, and Science -- Techno-Organic Environment -- The Umwelt Bubble
- Enhancement, Transhumanism and Personal Identity -- Note -- References -- 24 Transcendent Engineering -- Cornerstones of Transcendent Engineering -- Two Possibilities of Resurrection -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part VI Enhanced Decision-Making -- 25 Idea Futures Encouraging an Honest Consensus -- Introduction -- Concept -- Scenario -- Scope -- Procedures -- Advantages -- Criticisms -- Related Work -- An Appeal -- Conclusion -- Math Appendix -- References -- Further Reading -- 26 The Proactionary Principle Optimizing Technological Outcomes -- The Origin of the Proactionary Principle -- The Wisdom of Structure -- The Failure of the Precautionary Principle -- The Proactionary Principle -- Preamble to the Proactionary Principle -- Be Objective and Comprehensive -- Prioritize Natural and Human Risks -- Embrace Diverse Input -- Make Response and Restitution Proportionate -- Revisit and Revise -- 27 The Open Society and Its Media -- Improving Society -- Media Matter -- Xanadu -- Links -- Hyperlinks -- Emergent Properties -- Transclusion -- Remembering the Past: Historical Trails -- Preparing for the Future: Detectors -- The WidgetPerfect Saga -- Permissions -- Reputation-Based Filtering -- Hypertext+Multimedia=Hypermedia -- External Transclusion -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part VII Biopolitics and Policy -- 28 Performance Enhancement and Legal Theory: An Interview with Professor Michael H. Shapiro -- Notes -- References -- 29 Justifying Human Enhancement: The Accumulation of Biocultural Capital -- Rationalizing Medical Interventions on a Slippery Slope -- Life as a Commodity -- The Accumulation of Biocultural Capital -- Counterpoint: Reducing Human Diversity? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- 30 The Battle for the Future -- Who Will the Early Enhancers Be? -- The Threat of Human Enhancement
- Network and the Hybronaut -- The Appendix-tail -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 9 Transavatars -- Avatars and Simulation -- Avatar Censuses -- Secondary and Posthumous Avatars -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- 10 Alternative Biologies -- Biology as Technology -- The Rise of Machines -- Complexity -- The Science of Complexity -- Synthetic Biology - Complex Embodied Technology -- Top-Down Synthetic Biology -- Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology -- Protocells -- Artificial Biology -- From Proposition to Reality -- Future Venice -- Artificial Biology and Human Enhancement -- References -- Further Reading -- Part III Human Enhancement The Cognitive Sphere -- 11 Re-Inventing Ourselves The Plasticity of Embodiment, Sensing, and Mind -- Introduction: Where the Rubber Meets the Road -- What's in an Interface? -- New Systemic Wholes -- Incorporation Versus Use -- Extended Cognition -- Profound Embodiment -- Enhancement or Subjugation? -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- 12 Artificial General Intelligence and the Future of Humanity -- The Top Priority for Mankind -- AGI and the Transformation of Individual and Collective Experience -- AGI and the Global Brain -- What is a Mind that We Might Build One? -- Why So Little Work on AGI? -- Why the "AGI Sputnik" Will Change Things Dramatically and Launch a New Phase of the Intelligence Explosion -- The Risks and Rewards of Advanced AGI -- References -- Further Reading -- 13 Intelligent Information Filters and Enhanced Reality -- Preface -- Text Translation and Its Consequences -- Enhanced Multimedia -- Structure of Enhanced Reality -- Historical Observations -- Truth vs. Convenience -- Biofeedback and Self-Perception -- Distant Future -- Terminological Exercises: ER< -- -> -- EP -> -- …-> -- IE -> -- ?! -> -- . -- Social Implications -- Note
- Protecting the Human Race -- A Spiritual Crossroads -- Notes -- References -- 31 Mind is Deeper Than Matter: Transgenderism, Transhumanism, and the Freedom of Form -- Persona Creatus -- The Sex of an Avatar -- Counting Cyberfolks -- Papering a Transhuman -- Is Consciousness Like Pornography? -- Bio-Cyber-Ethics -- Notes -- References -- 32 For Enhancing People -- Do the Technologies that Enable Human Physical and Intellectual Enhancement Undermine Virtue? -- The Dangers of Immortality -- The Politics of Toleration -- What about the Genetically Engineered Children? -- Enhancement Wars? -- The End of Gene Tyranny -- Moral Toleration -- So How Will Enhancement Enable People to Flourish? -- Note -- References -- 33 Is Enhancement Worthy of Being a Right? -- Introduction -- So What Does Putting the Question of Enhancement in Terms of Rights Do? -- What is the Problem with Putting the Question of Enhancement in Terms of Rights? -- How Might One Make the Case that Enhancement Be Treated as a Right? -- Appeal to Autonomy -- Appeal to Interests -- Appeal to Natural Law -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 34 Freedom by Design: Transhumanist Values and Cognitive Liberty -- Introduction -- Legal Right by Design: Cognitive Liberty -- Design Thinking and Cognitive Liberty -- Caveats on Concept: Fictions of Freedom -- Freedom in Spite of All Else -- Notes -- References -- Part VIII Future Trajectories Singularity -- 35 Technological Singularity -- What is the Singularity? -- Can the Singularity Be Avoided? -- Other Paths to the Singularity -- Strong Superhumanity and the Best We Can Ask For -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- 36 An Overview of Models of Technological Singularity -- Introduction -- Definitions of Technological Singularity -- Models -- Accelerating Change -- Discussion -- Notes -- References
- 37 A Critical Discussion of Vinge's Singularity Concept
- 14 Uploading to Substrate-Independent Minds -- Your Mind, but not Constrained to the Biological Brain -- Whole Brain Emulation -- Main Developments toward SIM -- Structural Connectomics and Functional Connectomics -- Structure-Function and Questions of Resolution and Scope -- SIM within our Life-Spans -- What is the Rationale for Investing in SIM Projects Now? -- References -- 15 Uploading -- How Many Bits to Describe a Molecule? -- Do We Really Need to Describe Each Molecule? -- How Many Bits Do We Really Need? -- A Functional Estimate of Human Long-Term Memory Capacity -- How Much Computing Power? -- The Brain Uses Energy -- Nerve Impulses Use Energy -- The Energy of a Nerve Impulse -- Our Model Isn't Perfect -- The Ultimate in Experimental Evidence: Try it and See! -- Summary -- References -- Part IV Core Technologies -- 16 Why Freud Was the First Good AI Theorist -- 17 Pigs in Cyberspace -- Mind without Body? -- 18 Nanocomputers -- What's a Nanocomputer? -- Nanotechnology -- General Computer Principles -- Additional Constraints for Nanocomputers -- Entropy -- Drexler's Mechanical Logic -- Registers and Memory -- Motors -- Other Logics for Nanocomputers -- Other Mechanical Logics -- Electronic Logic -- Conclusion -- Reference -- Further Reading -- 19 Immortalist Fictions and Strategies -- Introduction: Something Like Penicillin for Immortality -- Immortality in Fiction -- Science of Biological Immortality -- Technological Prospects for Near-Term Human Biological Immortality -- Fictitious Technology vs Actual Technology -- References -- 20 Dialogue between Ray Kurzweil and Eric Drexler -- Part V Engines of Life Identity and Beyond Death -- 21 The Curate's Egg of Anti-Anti-Aging Bioethics -- References -- Further Reading -- 22 Medical Time Travel -- References -- 23 Transhumanism and Personal Identity -- Personal Identity and the Enlightenment
- Preamble to the Proactionary Principle -- Be Objective and Comprehensive -- Prioritize Natural and Human Risks -- Embrace Diverse Input -- Make Response and Restitution Proportionate -- Revisit and Revise -- 27 The Open Society and Its Media -- Improving Society -- Media Matter -- Xanadu -- Links -- Hyperlinks -- Emergent Properties -- Transclusion -- Remembering the Past: Historical Trails -- Preparing for the Future: Detectors -- The WidgetPerfect Saga -- Permissions -- Reputation-Based Filtering -- Hypertext + Multimedia = Hypermedia -- External Transclusion -- Conclusions -- Part VII: Biopolitics and Policy -- 28 Performance Enhancement and Legal Theory -- 29 Justifying Human Enhancement -- Rationalizing Medical Interventions on a Slippery Slope -- Life as a Commodity -- The Accumulation of Biocultural Capital -- Counterpoint: Reducing Human Diversity? -- Conclusion -- 30 The Battle for the Future -- Who Will the Early Enhancers Be? -- The Threat of Human Enhancement -- Protecting the Human Race -- A Spiritual Crossroads -- 31 Mind is Deeper Than Matter -- Persona Creatus -- The Sex of an Avatar -- Counting Cyberfolks -- Papering a Transhuman -- Is Consciousness Like Pornography? -- Bio-Cyber-Ethics -- 32 For Enhancing People -- Do the Technologies that Enable Human Physical and Intellectual Enhancement Undermine Virtue? -- The Dangers of Immortality -- The Politics of Toleration -- What about the Genetically Engineered Children? -- Enhancement Wars? -- The End of Gene Tyranny -- Moral Toleration -- So How Will Enhancement Enable People to Flourish? -- 33 Is Enhancement Worthy of Being a Right? -- Introduction -- So What Does Putting the Question of Enhancement in Terms of Rights Do? -- What is the Problem with Putting the Question of Enhancement in Terms of Rights? -- How Might One Make the Case that Enhancement Be Treated as a Right?
- How Many Bits Do We Really Need? -- A Functional Estimate of Human Long-Term Memory Capacity -- How Much Computing Power? -- The Brain Uses Energy -- Nerve Impulses Use Energy -- The Energy of a Nerve Impulse -- Our Model Isn't Perfect -- The Ultimate in Experimental Evidence: Try it and See! -- Summary -- Part IV: Core Technologies -- 16 Why Freud Was the First Good AI Theorist -- 17 Pigs in Cyberspace -- Mind without Body? -- 18 Nanocomputers -- What's a Nanocomputer? -- Nanotechnology -- General Computer Principles -- Additional Constraints for Nanocomputers -- Entropy -- Drexler's Mechanical Logic -- Registers and Memory -- Motors -- Other Logics for Nanocomputers -- Other Mechanical Logics -- Electronic Logic -- Conclusion -- 19 Immortalist Fictions and Strategies -- Introduction: Something Like Penicillin for Immortality -- Immortality in Fiction -- Science of Biological Immortality -- Technological Prospects for Near-Term Human Biological Immortality -- Fictitious Technology vs Actual Technology -- 20 Dialogue between Ray Kurzweil and Eric Drexler -- Part V: Engines of Life: Identity and Beyond Death -- 21 The Curate's Egg of Anti-Anti-Aging Bioethics -- 22 Medical Time Travel -- 23 Transhumanism and Personal Identity -- Personal Identity and the Enlightenment -- Enhancement, Transhumanism and Personal Identity -- 24 Transcendent Engineering -- I. Cornerstones of Transcendent Engineering -- II. Two Possibilities of Resurrection -- III. Conclusion -- Part VI: Enhanced Decision-Making -- 25 Idea Futures -- Introduction -- Concept -- Scenario -- Scope -- Procedures -- Advantages -- Criticisms -- Related Work -- An Appeal -- Conclusion -- 26 The Proactionary Principle -- The Origin of the Proactionary Principle -- The Wisdom of Structure -- The Failure of the Precautionary Principle -- The Proactionary Principle
- The Science of Complexity -- Synthetic Biology - Complex Embodied Technology -- Top-Down Synthetic Biology -- Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology -- Protocells -- Artificial Biology -- From Proposition to Reality -- Future Venice -- Artificial Biology and Human Enhancement -- Part III: Human Enhancement: The Cognitive Sphere -- 11 Re-Inventing Ourselves -- I. Introduction: Where the Rubber Meets the Road -- II. What's in an Interface? -- III. New Systemic Wholes -- IV. Incorporation Versus Use -- V. Extended Cognition -- VI. Profound Embodiment -- VII. Enhancement or Subjugation? -- VIII. Conclusions -- 12 Artificial General Intelligence and the Future of Humanity -- The Top Priority for Mankind -- AGI and the Transformation of Individual and Collective Experience -- AGI and the Global Brain -- What is a Mind that We Might Build One? -- Why So Little Work on AGI? -- Why the "AGI Sputnik" Will Change Things Dramatically and Launch a New Phase of the Intelligence Explosion -- The Risks and Rewards of Advanced AGI -- 13 Intelligent Information Filters and Enhanced Reality -- Preface -- Text Translation and Its Consequences -- Enhanced Multimedia -- Structure of Enhanced Reality -- Historical Observations -- Truth vs. Convenience -- Biofeedback and Self-Perception -- Distant Future -- Terminological Exercises: ER < -- - > -- EP - > -- …- > -- IE - > -- ?! - > -- . -- Social Implications -- 14 Uploading to Substrate-Independent Minds -- Your Mind, but not Constrained to the Biological Brain -- Whole Brain Emulation -- Main Developments toward SIM -- Structural Connectomics and Functional Connectomics -- Structure-Function and Questions of Resolution and Scope -- SIM within our Life-Spans -- What is the Rationale for Investing in SIM Projects Now? -- 15 Uploading -- How Many Bits to Describe a Molecule? -- Do We Really Need to Describe Each Molecule?
- Appeal to Autonomy -- Appeal to Interests -- Appeal to Natural Law -- Conclusion -- 34 Freedom by Design -- Introduction -- Legal Right by Design: Cognitive Liberty -- Design Thinking and Cognitive Liberty -- Caveats on Concept: Fictions of Freedom -- Freedom in Spite of All Else -- Part VIII: Future Trajectories: Singularity -- 35 Technological Singularity -- I. What is the Singularity? -- II. Can the Singularity Be Avoided? -- III. Other Paths to the Singularity -- IV. Strong Superhumanity and the Best We Can Ask For -- 36 An Overview of Models of Technological Singularity -- Introduction -- Definitions of Technological Singularity -- Models -- Accelerating Change -- Discussion -- 37 A Critical Discussion of Vinge's Singularity Concept -- Comment by David Brin: Singularities -- Comment by Damien Broderick -- Comment by Nick Bostrom: Singularity and Predictability -- Comment by Alexander Chislenko: Singularity as a Process, and the Future Beyond -- Comment by Robin Hanson: Some Skepticism -- Comment by Max More: Singularity Meets Economy -- Comment by Michael Nielsen -- Comment by Anders Sandberg: Singularity and the Growth of Differences -- Part IX: The World's Most Dangerous Idea -- 38 The Great Transition -- What is Transhumanism? -- Anxieties -- Evolution and Ethics -- Naïvety about Progress -- The Apocalyptic Temptation -- 39 Trans and Post -- 40 Back to Nature II -- 41 A Letter to Mother Nature -- 42 Progress and Relinquishment -- Index
- Intro -- About the Editors -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contributor Biographies -- Part I: Roots and Core Themes -- 1 The Philosophy of Transhumanism -- I. The Philosophy -- II. History -- III. Currents -- IV. Misconceptions -- 2 Aesthetics -- Introduction -- Current Discussion -- Form and Perception -- Adaptation -- Relationship -- A Field -- A Study -- Concluding Thoughts -- 3 Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow Up -- I. Setting the Stage -- II. Becoming Posthuman -- III. Healthspan -- IV. Cognition -- V. Emotion -- VI. Structure of the Argument, and Further Supporting Reasons -- VII. Personal Identity -- VIII. Commitments -- IX. Ways of Life -- X. Human Nature -- XI. Brief Sketches of Some Objections and Replies -- XII. Conclusion -- 4 Transhumanist Declaration (2012) -- 5 Morphological Freedom - Why We Not Just Want It, but Need It -- Morphological Freedom as a Right -- What Possibilities Do We See Today and Tomorrow? -- Morphological Freedom and Society -- Why Do We Want It? -- Why Do We Need Morphological Freedom? -- Morphological Freedom and Future Healthcare -- Conclusions -- Part II: Human Enhancement: The Somatic Sphere -- 6 Welcome to the Future of Medicine -- Introduction -- What is Nanomedicine? -- Nanorobotics -- Nanorobotics Revolution by the 2020s -- Conclusions -- 7 Life Expansion Media -- Living -- Matter -- Degeneration/Regeneration -- Transmutation -- Dialectics of Desirability and Viability -- Cybernetics -- Human-machine Interfaces and the Prosthetic Body -- Life Expansion -- 8 The Hybronaut Affair -- Techno-Organic Environment -- The Umwelt Bubble -- Network and the Hybronaut -- The Appendix-tail -- Conclusion -- 9 Transavatars -- Avatars and Simulation -- Avatar Censuses -- Secondary and Posthumous Avatars -- Conclusion -- 10 Alternative Biologies -- Biology as Technology -- The Rise of Machines -- Complexity