On the Reception and Detection of Pseudo-Profound Bullshit

Although bullshit is common in everyday life and has attracted attention from philosophers, its reception (critical or ingenuous) has not, to our knowledge, been subject to empirical investigation. Here we focus on pseudo-profound bullshit, which consists of seemingly impressive assertions that are...

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Vydáno v:	Judgment and Decision Making Ročník 10; číslo 6; s. 549 - 563
Hlavní autoři:	Pennycook, Gordon, Allan Cheyne, James, Barr, Nathaniel, Koehler, Derek J., Fugelsang, Jonathan A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Tallahassee Society for Judgment and Decision Making 01.11.2015 Cambridge University Press
Témata:	Analysis analytic thinking Bias bullshit bullshit detection Cognition & reasoning complementary and alternative medicine.NAKeywords conspiratorial ideation Decision making Dishonesty dual-process theories Judgment Personality tests Philosophers Reception theory religiosity Studies supernatural beliefs United States religiosity conspiratorial ideation dual-process theories analytic thinking bullshit bullshit detection complementary and alternative medicine supernatural beliefs
ISSN:	1930-2975, 1930-2975
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Abstract	Although bullshit is common in everyday life and has attracted attention from philosophers, its reception (critical or ingenuous) has not, to our knowledge, been subject to empirical investigation. Here we focus on pseudo-profound bullshit, which consists of seemingly impressive assertions that are presented as true and meaningful but are actually vacuous. We presented participants with bullshit statements consisting of buzzwords randomly organized into statements with syntactic structure but no discernible meaning (e.g., “Wholeness quiets infinite phenomena”). Across multiple studies, the propensity to judge bullshit statements as profound was associated with a variety of conceptually relevant variables (e.g., intuitive cognitive style, supernatural belief). Parallel associations were less evident among profundity judgments for more conventionally profound (e.g., “A wet person does not fear the rain”) or mundane (e.g., “Newborn babies require constant attention”) statements. These results support the idea that some people are more receptive to this type of bullshit and that detecting it is not merely a matter of indiscriminate skepticism but rather a discernment of deceptive vagueness in otherwise impressive sounding claims. Our results also suggest that a bias toward accepting statements as true may be an important component of pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity.
AbstractList	Although bullshit is common in everyday life and has attracted attention from philosophers, its reception (critical or ingenuous) has not, to our knowledge, been subject to empirical investigation. Here we focus on pseudo-profound bullshit, which consists of seemingly impressive assertions that are presented as true and meaningful but are actually vacuous. We presented participants with bullshit statements consisting of buzzwords randomly organized into statements with syntactic structure but no discernible meaning (e.g., “Wholeness quiets infinite phenomena”). Across multiple studies, the propensity to judge bullshit statements as profound was associated with a variety of conceptually relevant variables (e.g., intuitive cognitive style, supernatural belief). Parallel associations were less evident among profundity judgments for more conventionally profound (e.g., “A wet person does not fear the rain”) or mundane (e.g., “Newborn babies require constant attention”) statements. These results support the idea that some people are more receptive to this type of bullshit and that detecting it is not merely a matter of indiscriminate skepticism but rather a discernment of deceptive vagueness in otherwise impressive sounding claims. Our results also suggest that a bias toward accepting statements as true may be an important component of pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. Although bullshit is common in everyday life and has attracted attention from philosophers, its reception (critical or ingenuous) has not, to our knowledge, been subject to empirical investigation. Here we focus on pseudo-profound bullshit, which consists of seemingly impressive assertions that are presented as true and meaningful but are actually vacuous. We presented participants with bullshit statements consisting of buzzwords randomly organized into statements with syntactic structure but no discernible meaning (e.g., "Wholeness quiets infinite phenomena"). Across multiple studies, the propensity to judge bullshit statements as profound was associated with a variety of conceptually relevant variables (e.g., intuitive cognitive style, supernatural belief). Parallel associations were less evident among profundity judgments for more conventionally profound (e.g., "A wet person does not fear the rain") or mundane (e.g., "Newborn babies require constant attention") statements. These results support the idea that some people are more receptive to this type of bullshit and that detecting it is not merely a matter of indiscriminate skepticism but rather a discernment of deceptive vagueness in otherwise impressive sounding claims. Our results also suggest that a bias toward accepting statements as true may be an important component of pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. Keywords: bullshit, bullshit detection, dual-process theories, analytic thinking, supernatural beliefs, religiosity, conspiratorial ideation, complementary and alternative medicine.
Audience	Academic
Author	James Allan Cheyne Nathaniel Barr Gordon Pennycook Derek J. Koehler Jonathan A. Fugelsang
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Gordon surname: Pennycook fullname: Pennycook, Gordon – sequence: 2 givenname: James surname: Allan Cheyne fullname: Allan Cheyne, James – sequence: 3 givenname: Nathaniel surname: Barr fullname: Barr, Nathaniel – sequence: 4 givenname: Derek J. surname: Koehler fullname: Koehler, Derek J. – sequence: 5 givenname: Jonathan A. surname: Fugelsang fullname: Fugelsang, Jonathan A.
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SubjectTerms	Analysis analytic thinking Bias bullshit bullshit detection Cognition & reasoning complementary and alternative medicine.NAKeywords conspiratorial ideation Decision making Dishonesty dual-process theories Judgment Personality tests Philosophers Reception theory religiosity Studies supernatural beliefs
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Title	On the Reception and Detection of Pseudo-Profound Bullshit
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