Electronic Signatures in Law
Electronic signatures are ubiquitous. Anyone sending an e-mail or using a credit card uses one. They can have a bearing on all areas of law, and no lawyer is immune from having to advise clients about their legal consequences. This third edition provides an exhaustive discussion of what constitutes...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
26.01.2012
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| Edition: | 3 |
| Series: | Law Practitioner Series |
| Subjects: | |
| ISBN: | 9781107012295, 1107012295 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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Table of Contents:
- Cover -- Electronic Signatures in Law -- Title -- Copyright -- Epigraph -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Table of cases -- 1: The signature -- The purpose of a signature -- Dictionary definitions -- The manuscript signature -- Writing -- Statutory definition of signature -- The functions of a signature -- The primary evidential function -- Secondary evidential functions -- Cautionary function -- Protective function -- Channelling function -- Record-keeping function -- Disputing a manuscript signature -- Defences -- Evidence of the manuscript signature -- The identity of the person affixing the manuscript signature -- Intention to authenticate and adopt the document -- Methods of authentication before manuscript signatures -- Objects as a means of authentication -- The sign of the cross -- The seal and chirograph -- Witnesses and scribes -- The format of the signature -- Manuscript -- A mark -- Bills of exchange -- An interest in real property -- Wills -- United States of America -- Illegible writing -- Assisted signature or mark -- Wills -- A name without a signature -- Mistake as to the name -- Variations of a name -- The use of initials -- The use of a surname -- The use of a trade name -- A partial signature -- Words other than a name -- An identifying phrase -- Abbreviation of a name -- Impression of a mark -- A seal imprint -- The use of a fingerprint -- The use of a printed name -- The use of a lithographed name -- The use of a rubber stamp -- Mechanical marks by human action -- Typewriting -- Telegram -- Telex -- Facsimile -- The writing material -- The absence of a signature -- 2: International initiatives -- United Nations Commission on International Trade (UNCITRAL) -- Model Law on Electronic Commerce -- Legal recognition of data messages -- Writing -- Signature -- Model Law on Electronic Signatures -- Consumer protection
- Reliability of certifying certificates -- The burden of proof - UNCITRAL -- Model Law on Electronic Commerce -- Model Law on Electronic Signatures -- The burden of proof -- The recipient's procedural and due diligence burden -- Sending party: the burden of proof of security and integrity -- The persuasive and evidential burden of demonstrating weaknesses in the infrastructure -- Burden of proof - the Jitsuin -- Mitomein -- The Jitsuin -- Burden of proof - standards -- Burden of proof - summary -- Presumptions -- Jurisdiction -- 10: Data protection -- The legal framework -- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -- Guidelines -- PKI Assessment Guidelines -- CARAT guidelines -- Australia -- Practical issues8 -- Generating the private key -- Storage of the private key -- Revocation of private keys -- Data required for the certificate -- Biodynamic versions of a manuscript signature -- Index
- Definitions -- The requirement for a signature -- International Chamber of Commerce -- United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts -- Signature provisions -- 3: European Union Directive on electronic signatures -- The Directive -- The aim -- The legal recognition of electronic signatures -- The hierarchy of electronic signatures -- The electronic signature -- The advanced electronic signature -- Uniquely linked to the signatory -- Capable of identifying the signatory -- Created using means that the signatory can maintain under his sole control -- Creation and storage of signature-creation data -- Sole control -- Linked to the data to which it relates in such a manner that any subsequent change of the data is detectable -- Qualified certificate -- Certification-service-provider -- Qualified electronic signature -- Regulation and supervision of certification service providers -- Liability -- Relying party -- Review of the Directive -- The take-up of advanced electronic signatures -- 4: England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland -- The Electronic Communications Act 2000 -- The international context -- The definition of an electronic signature -- The elements of an electronic signature -- So much of anything in electronic form -- Incorporation or logical association -- For the purpose of establishing authenticity or integrity -- The legal presumption of an electronic signature -- Advanced electronic signature and qualified electronic signature -- The power to modify legislation -- Limitation of powers -- Purposes for which modification can be made -- The provisions a Minister may make -- Regulation of Investigatory Powers -- Possession of a key -- Exclusion of electronic signatures -- 5: International comparison of electronic signature laws -- Approaches to legislation -- The prescriptive approach
- The minimalist approach -- The two-tier approach -- Digital signature presumptions -- Default form of signature -- Validity of the signature -- Integrity of the digital signature -- Presumption the user affixed the digital signature -- Presumption of ownership -- Certification authorities -- Licensed certification authorities -- Voluntary licensing -- Recognition of foreign certificates -- Liability -- Liability of the certification authority -- Liability of the sender -- Liability of the recipient -- 6: The form of an electronic signature -- Digital documents -- Information relating to the carrier -- The nature of a document in digital format -- Forms of electronic signature -- Electronic sound -- Typing a name in an electronic document -- Interest in property -- Loan of money -- Employment -- Contract -- Assignment of a guarantee -- Insurance -- Public administration and judiciary -- Statute of Frauds -- Wills -- Evidence -- Amending boilerplate contractual terms -- The 'click' method of indicating intent -- The 'browse wrap' method of indicating knowledge -- Personal identification number (PIN) and password -- The name in an e-mail address -- Limitation Act -- Statute of Frauds -- Civil procedure -- Legal fees arrangement -- Summary proceedings -- Civil Law Act -- Means of authentication -- A manuscript signature that has been scanned -- Mortgage redemption -- Writing -- Employment -- Biodynamic version of a manuscript signature -- Electoral register -- A digital signature -- 7: Digital signatures -- Technical overview of digital signatures -- Algorithms and keys -- Control of the key -- Disguising the message -- An individual creates and controls their own public key -- Authenticating a signature using public key cryptography -- Public key infrastructure -- Difficulties with public key infrastructure -- Authenticating the sender
- The ideal attributes of a signature in electronic format -- Methods of authentication -- Authentication using secret codes -- Authentication using biometric measurements -- Types of infrastructure for asymmetric cryptographic systems -- Pretty Good Privacy -- Types of public key infrastructure -- Management of the key and certificate -- Identifying an applicant -- The certificate -- The generation of the key pair belonging to the subscribing party -- Validating the public key -- Distributing the certificate -- Distributing certification authority keys -- Revocation of a certificate -- Expiry of keys -- The duties of a user -- Internal management -- Barriers to the use of the public key infrastructure -- What a public key infrastructure can and cannot do -- What a digital signature is capable of doing -- What no form of electronic signature is capable of doing -- The weakest link -- The burden of managing the private key -- Bypassing passwords -- Case law relating to digital signatures -- Judicial use -- Administrative proceedings -- Banking -- Submission of electronic applications to court -- Contract -- Signing health records -- 8: Liability -- Liability: links in the chain -- A biodynamic version of a manuscript signature -- A scanned manuscript signature -- A typed name -- Participants in the public key infrastructure -- Digital signatures - public key infrastructure -- How liability can be incurred -- Types of loss -- Assumptions in public key infrastructure -- Risks associated with the use of digital signatures11 -- 9: Evidence -- The evidence forming a digital signature -- Chain of evidence forming a digital signature -- Verifying the integrity of a certificate -- Verify the certificate path -- Other validation requirements -- Assertions can differ -- Assessment of evidence -- 'Non-repudiation' -- Rejecting electronic signatures