Active and diverse viruses persist in the deep sub-seafloor sediments over thousands of years

Viruses are ubiquitous and cause significant mortality in marine bacterial and archaeal communities. Little is known about the role of viruses in the sub-seafloor biosphere, which hosts a large fraction of all microbes on Earth. We quantified and characterized viruses in sediments from the Baltic Se...

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Veröffentlicht in:The ISME Journal Jg. 13; H. 7; S. 1857 - 1864
Hauptverfasser: Cai, Lanlan, Jørgensen, Bo B., Suttle, Curtis A., He, Maoqiu, Cragg, Barry A., Jiao, Nianzhi, Zhang, Rui
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.07.2019
Oxford University Press
Schlagworte:
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Archaea - virology
Bacteria - virology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biosphere
Chemical analysis
Communities
Ecology
Evolutionary Biology
Geologic Sediments - microbiology
Harbors
Life Sciences
Marine sediments
Measuring instruments
Microbial Ecology
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Ocean floor
Oceans and Seas
Seawater
Seawater - microbiology
Sediments
Transmission electron microscopy
Viral infections
Viruses
Viruses - isolation & purification
Water analysis
Baltic Sea
ISSN:1751-7362, 1751-7370, 1751-7370
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Viruses are ubiquitous and cause significant mortality in marine bacterial and archaeal communities. Little is known about the role of viruses in the sub-seafloor biosphere, which hosts a large fraction of all microbes on Earth. We quantified and characterized viruses in sediments from the Baltic Sea. The results show that the Baltic Sea sub-seafloor biosphere harbors highly abundant viruses with densities up to 1.8 × 10 10 viruses cm −3 . High potential viral production down to 37 meters below seafloor in ca. 6000-years-old sediments and infected prokaryotic cells visible by transmission electron microscopy demonstrate active viral infection. Morphological and molecular data indicate that the highly diverse community of viruses includes both allochthonous input from the overlying seawater and autochthonous production. The detection of cyanophage-like sequences showed that viruses of phototrophic hosts may persist in marine sediments for thousands of years. Our results imply that viruses influence sub-seafloor microbial community dynamics and thereby affect biogeochemical processes in the sub-seafloor biosphere.
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ISSN:1751-7362
1751-7370
1751-7370
DOI:10.1038/s41396-019-0397-9