Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries
Hypertension is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet there are relatively few data collected using standardized methods. To examine hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in participants at baseline in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiol...
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| Vydáno v: | JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association Ročník 310; číslo 9; s. 959 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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United States
04.09.2013
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| ISSN: | 1538-3598, 1538-3598 |
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| Abstract | Hypertension is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet there are relatively few data collected using standardized methods.
To examine hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in participants at baseline in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.
A cross-sectional study of 153,996 adults (complete data for this analysis on 142,042) aged 35 to 70 years, recruited between January 2003 and December 2009. Participants were from 628 communities in 3 high-income countries (HIC), 10 upper-middle-income and low-middle-income countries (UMIC and LMIC), and 4 low-income countries (LIC).
Hypertension was defined as individuals with self-reported treated hypertension or with an average of 2 blood pressure measurements of at least 140/90 mm Hg using an automated digital device. Awareness was based on self-reports, treatment was based on the regular use of blood pressure-lowering medications, and control was defined as individuals with blood pressure lower than 140/90 mm Hg.
Among the 142,042 participants, 57,840 (40.8%; 95% CI, 40.5%-41.0%) had hypertension and 26,877 (46.5%; 95% CI, 46.1%-46.9%) were aware of the diagnosis. Of those who were aware of the diagnosis, the majority (23,510 [87.5%; 95% CI, 87.1%-87.9%] of those who were aware) were receiving pharmacological treatments, but only a minority of those receiving treatment were controlled (7634 [32.5%; 95% CI, 31.9%-33.1%]). Overall, 30.8%, 95% CI, 30.2%-31.4% of treated patients were taking 2 or more types of blood pressure-lowering medications. The percentages aware (49.0% [95% CI, 47.8%-50.3%] in HICs, 52.5% [95% CI, 51.8%-53.2%] in UMICs, 43.6% [95% CI, 42.9%-44.2%] in LMICs, and 40.8% [95% CI, 39.9%-41.8%] in LICs) and treated (46.7% [95% CI, 45.5%-47.9%] in HICs, 48.3%, [95% CI, 47.6%-49.1%] in UMICs, 36.9%, [95% CI, 36.3%-37.6%] in LMICs, and 31.7% [95% CI, 30.8%-32.6%] in LICs) were lower in LICs compared with all other countries for awareness (P <.001) and treatment (P <.001). Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were higher in urban communities compared with rural ones in LICs (urban vs rural, P <.001) and LMICs (urban vs rural, P <.001), but similar for other countries. Low education was associated with lower rates of awareness, treatment, and control in LICs, but not in other countries.
Among a multinational study population, 46.5% of participants with hypertension were aware of the diagnosis, with blood pressure control among 32.5% of those being treated. These findings suggest substantial room for improvement in hypertension diagnosis and treatment. |
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| AbstractList | Hypertension is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet there are relatively few data collected using standardized methods.IMPORTANCEHypertension is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet there are relatively few data collected using standardized methods.To examine hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in participants at baseline in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.OBJECTIVETo examine hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in participants at baseline in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.A cross-sectional study of 153,996 adults (complete data for this analysis on 142,042) aged 35 to 70 years, recruited between January 2003 and December 2009. Participants were from 628 communities in 3 high-income countries (HIC), 10 upper-middle-income and low-middle-income countries (UMIC and LMIC), and 4 low-income countries (LIC).DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA cross-sectional study of 153,996 adults (complete data for this analysis on 142,042) aged 35 to 70 years, recruited between January 2003 and December 2009. Participants were from 628 communities in 3 high-income countries (HIC), 10 upper-middle-income and low-middle-income countries (UMIC and LMIC), and 4 low-income countries (LIC).Hypertension was defined as individuals with self-reported treated hypertension or with an average of 2 blood pressure measurements of at least 140/90 mm Hg using an automated digital device. Awareness was based on self-reports, treatment was based on the regular use of blood pressure-lowering medications, and control was defined as individuals with blood pressure lower than 140/90 mm Hg.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESHypertension was defined as individuals with self-reported treated hypertension or with an average of 2 blood pressure measurements of at least 140/90 mm Hg using an automated digital device. Awareness was based on self-reports, treatment was based on the regular use of blood pressure-lowering medications, and control was defined as individuals with blood pressure lower than 140/90 mm Hg.Among the 142,042 participants, 57,840 (40.8%; 95% CI, 40.5%-41.0%) had hypertension and 26,877 (46.5%; 95% CI, 46.1%-46.9%) were aware of the diagnosis. Of those who were aware of the diagnosis, the majority (23,510 [87.5%; 95% CI, 87.1%-87.9%] of those who were aware) were receiving pharmacological treatments, but only a minority of those receiving treatment were controlled (7634 [32.5%; 95% CI, 31.9%-33.1%]). Overall, 30.8%, 95% CI, 30.2%-31.4% of treated patients were taking 2 or more types of blood pressure-lowering medications. The percentages aware (49.0% [95% CI, 47.8%-50.3%] in HICs, 52.5% [95% CI, 51.8%-53.2%] in UMICs, 43.6% [95% CI, 42.9%-44.2%] in LMICs, and 40.8% [95% CI, 39.9%-41.8%] in LICs) and treated (46.7% [95% CI, 45.5%-47.9%] in HICs, 48.3%, [95% CI, 47.6%-49.1%] in UMICs, 36.9%, [95% CI, 36.3%-37.6%] in LMICs, and 31.7% [95% CI, 30.8%-32.6%] in LICs) were lower in LICs compared with all other countries for awareness (P <.001) and treatment (P <.001). Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were higher in urban communities compared with rural ones in LICs (urban vs rural, P <.001) and LMICs (urban vs rural, P <.001), but similar for other countries. Low education was associated with lower rates of awareness, treatment, and control in LICs, but not in other countries.RESULTSAmong the 142,042 participants, 57,840 (40.8%; 95% CI, 40.5%-41.0%) had hypertension and 26,877 (46.5%; 95% CI, 46.1%-46.9%) were aware of the diagnosis. Of those who were aware of the diagnosis, the majority (23,510 [87.5%; 95% CI, 87.1%-87.9%] of those who were aware) were receiving pharmacological treatments, but only a minority of those receiving treatment were controlled (7634 [32.5%; 95% CI, 31.9%-33.1%]). Overall, 30.8%, 95% CI, 30.2%-31.4% of treated patients were taking 2 or more types of blood pressure-lowering medications. The percentages aware (49.0% [95% CI, 47.8%-50.3%] in HICs, 52.5% [95% CI, 51.8%-53.2%] in UMICs, 43.6% [95% CI, 42.9%-44.2%] in LMICs, and 40.8% [95% CI, 39.9%-41.8%] in LICs) and treated (46.7% [95% CI, 45.5%-47.9%] in HICs, 48.3%, [95% CI, 47.6%-49.1%] in UMICs, 36.9%, [95% CI, 36.3%-37.6%] in LMICs, and 31.7% [95% CI, 30.8%-32.6%] in LICs) were lower in LICs compared with all other countries for awareness (P <.001) and treatment (P <.001). Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were higher in urban communities compared with rural ones in LICs (urban vs rural, P <.001) and LMICs (urban vs rural, P <.001), but similar for other countries. Low education was associated with lower rates of awareness, treatment, and control in LICs, but not in other countries.Among a multinational study population, 46.5% of participants with hypertension were aware of the diagnosis, with blood pressure control among 32.5% of those being treated. These findings suggest substantial room for improvement in hypertension diagnosis and treatment.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEAmong a multinational study population, 46.5% of participants with hypertension were aware of the diagnosis, with blood pressure control among 32.5% of those being treated. These findings suggest substantial room for improvement in hypertension diagnosis and treatment. Hypertension is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet there are relatively few data collected using standardized methods. To examine hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in participants at baseline in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. A cross-sectional study of 153,996 adults (complete data for this analysis on 142,042) aged 35 to 70 years, recruited between January 2003 and December 2009. Participants were from 628 communities in 3 high-income countries (HIC), 10 upper-middle-income and low-middle-income countries (UMIC and LMIC), and 4 low-income countries (LIC). Hypertension was defined as individuals with self-reported treated hypertension or with an average of 2 blood pressure measurements of at least 140/90 mm Hg using an automated digital device. Awareness was based on self-reports, treatment was based on the regular use of blood pressure-lowering medications, and control was defined as individuals with blood pressure lower than 140/90 mm Hg. Among the 142,042 participants, 57,840 (40.8%; 95% CI, 40.5%-41.0%) had hypertension and 26,877 (46.5%; 95% CI, 46.1%-46.9%) were aware of the diagnosis. Of those who were aware of the diagnosis, the majority (23,510 [87.5%; 95% CI, 87.1%-87.9%] of those who were aware) were receiving pharmacological treatments, but only a minority of those receiving treatment were controlled (7634 [32.5%; 95% CI, 31.9%-33.1%]). Overall, 30.8%, 95% CI, 30.2%-31.4% of treated patients were taking 2 or more types of blood pressure-lowering medications. The percentages aware (49.0% [95% CI, 47.8%-50.3%] in HICs, 52.5% [95% CI, 51.8%-53.2%] in UMICs, 43.6% [95% CI, 42.9%-44.2%] in LMICs, and 40.8% [95% CI, 39.9%-41.8%] in LICs) and treated (46.7% [95% CI, 45.5%-47.9%] in HICs, 48.3%, [95% CI, 47.6%-49.1%] in UMICs, 36.9%, [95% CI, 36.3%-37.6%] in LMICs, and 31.7% [95% CI, 30.8%-32.6%] in LICs) were lower in LICs compared with all other countries for awareness (P <.001) and treatment (P <.001). Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were higher in urban communities compared with rural ones in LICs (urban vs rural, P <.001) and LMICs (urban vs rural, P <.001), but similar for other countries. Low education was associated with lower rates of awareness, treatment, and control in LICs, but not in other countries. Among a multinational study population, 46.5% of participants with hypertension were aware of the diagnosis, with blood pressure control among 32.5% of those being treated. These findings suggest substantial room for improvement in hypertension diagnosis and treatment. |
| Author | Bahonar, Ahmad Wielgosz, Andy Gupta, Rajeev Avezum, Alvaro McKee, Martin Ismail, Noor Hassim Puoane, Thandi Liu, Lisheng Islam, Shofiqul Chow, Clara K Yusuf, Salim Yusufali, Afzalhussein Kazmi, Khawar Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Diaz, Rafael Mony, Prem Temizhan, Ahmet Fanghong, Lu Rosengren, Annika Lanas, Fernando Szuba, Andrzej Yusuf, Rita Teo, Koon K Rangarajan, Sumathy Chifamba, Jephat Dagenais, Gilles Wei, Li |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Clara K surname: Chow fullname: Chow, Clara K organization: Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Koon K surname: Teo fullname: Teo, Koon K – sequence: 3 givenname: Sumathy surname: Rangarajan fullname: Rangarajan, Sumathy – sequence: 4 givenname: Shofiqul surname: Islam fullname: Islam, Shofiqul – sequence: 5 givenname: Rajeev surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Rajeev – sequence: 6 givenname: Alvaro surname: Avezum fullname: Avezum, Alvaro – sequence: 7 givenname: Ahmad surname: Bahonar fullname: Bahonar, Ahmad – sequence: 8 givenname: Jephat surname: Chifamba fullname: Chifamba, Jephat – sequence: 9 givenname: Gilles surname: Dagenais fullname: Dagenais, Gilles – sequence: 10 givenname: Rafael surname: Diaz fullname: Diaz, Rafael – sequence: 11 givenname: Khawar surname: Kazmi fullname: Kazmi, Khawar – sequence: 12 givenname: Fernando surname: Lanas fullname: Lanas, Fernando – sequence: 13 givenname: Li surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Li – sequence: 14 givenname: Patricio surname: Lopez-Jaramillo fullname: Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio – sequence: 15 givenname: Lu surname: Fanghong fullname: Fanghong, Lu – sequence: 16 givenname: Noor Hassim surname: Ismail fullname: Ismail, Noor Hassim – sequence: 17 givenname: Thandi surname: Puoane fullname: Puoane, Thandi – sequence: 18 givenname: Annika surname: Rosengren fullname: Rosengren, Annika – sequence: 19 givenname: Andrzej surname: Szuba fullname: Szuba, Andrzej – sequence: 20 givenname: Ahmet surname: Temizhan fullname: Temizhan, Ahmet – sequence: 21 givenname: Andy surname: Wielgosz fullname: Wielgosz, Andy – sequence: 22 givenname: Rita surname: Yusuf fullname: Yusuf, Rita – sequence: 23 givenname: Afzalhussein surname: Yusufali fullname: Yusufali, Afzalhussein – sequence: 24 givenname: Martin surname: McKee fullname: McKee, Martin – sequence: 25 givenname: Lisheng surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Lisheng – sequence: 26 givenname: Prem surname: Mony fullname: Mony, Prem – sequence: 27 givenname: Salim surname: Yusuf fullname: Yusuf, Salim |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24002282$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Contributor | Teo, K Jian, Bo Linetsky, B Rangarajan, S Moroz, S Papadakis I Hrnic, R Yusuf, R Yusuf, S Hage-Moussa, S Wielgosz, A Talukdar, A T Proulx, M C Fodor, G Mente, A Zafar, S Juan, Li Solano, N Farago, M Farago, L Qing, Deng Solano, R Gasevic, D Kaszyca, J Teo, K K Dagenais, G Cherry, H M Dehghan, M Mannan, A Turbide, G Xingyu, Wang Muthuri, S Casaccia, G ElSheikh, W Bonneville, N Hassan, I Lear, S Mustaha, M Mattos, A C Rimac, J Hui, Chen Kabali, C Hall, K Rahman, O Vukmirovich, I Xinye, He Kay, I Chunming, Chen Wenhua, Zhao Auger, D Xiaohong, Chang Poirier, P Wei, Li Lisheng, Liu Xiong, J Bahit, C Martinez, S Pipe, A Madhavan, M MacLeod, M Marcilio, C S Khan, M U Lanas, F Tooheen, R B Cayer, M Mackie, P Corsi, D Xiaoru, Cheng Bo, Hu Wang, X Michael, J Diaz, R McQueen, M Cuneo, J M Maini Islam, S Keys, J Trottier, S Keneth, J Rabbani, K A Chow, C K DeJesus, J Azad, A K Jian, Li Oliveira, G B Seron, P Chockalingam, A Mah, G Tao, Chen Zhang, M Orlandini, A Xuan, Jia Toscanelli, S Avezum, A De Bluts, A LeBlanc Williams, D Gyawali, S |
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| CorporateAuthor | PURE (Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology) Study investigators |
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| DOI | 10.1001/jama.2013.184182 |
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| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1538-3598 |
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| References | 24449325 - JAMA. 2014 Jan 22-29;311(4):419-20 24449324 - JAMA. 2014 Jan 22-29;311(4):418-9 |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use Blood Pressure Cross-Sectional Studies Developed Countries Developing Countries Female Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Hypertension - diagnosis Hypertension - drug therapy Hypertension - epidemiology Income Male Middle Aged Prevalence Rural Population - statistics & numerical data Self Report Urban Population - statistics & numerical data |
| Title | Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries |
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