Risk Governance of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations
This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway and Australia. It provides an interdisciplinary approach with legal, technological and sociological perspectives on efforts to assess and prevent ma...
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New York, NY
Cambridge University Press
30.09.2013
Cambridge Univ. Press |
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| Abstract | This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway and Australia. It provides an interdisciplinary approach with legal, technological and sociological perspectives on efforts to assess and prevent major accidents and improve safety performance. Presented in three parts, it begins with a review of the factors involved in designing, implementing and enforcing a regulatory regime for industrial safety. It then evaluates the four regimes exploring the contextual factors that influence their design and implementation, their reliance on industrial expertise and standards and the use of performance indicators. Finally the book assesses the resilience of the Norwegian regime, its capacity to keep pace with new technologies and emerging risks, respond to near miss incidents, encourage safety culture, incorporate vested rights of labor, and perform inspection and self-audit functions. This book is relevant for those in government, business and academia, and anyone involved in offshore safety issues. |
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| AbstractList | This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway and Australia. It provides an interdisciplinary approach with legal, technological and sociological perspectives on efforts to assess and prevent major accidents and improve safety performance. Presented in three parts, it begins with a review of the factors involved in designing, implementing and enforcing a regulatory regime for industrial safety. It then evaluates the four regimes exploring the contextual factors that influence their design and implementation, their reliance on industrial expertise and standards and the use of performance indicators. Finally the book assesses the resilience of the Norwegian regime, its capacity to keep pace with new technologies and emerging risks, respond to near miss incidents, encourage safety culture, incorporate vested rights of labor, and perform inspection and self-audit functions. This book is relevant for those in government, business and academia, and anyone involved in offshore safety issues. This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway and Australia. It provides an interdisciplinary approach with legal, technological and sociological perspectives on efforts to assess and prevent major accidents and improve safety performance offshore. This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway and Australia. It provides an interdisciplinary approach with legal, technological and sociological perspectives on efforts to assess and prevent major accidents and improve safety performance. Presented in three parts, it begins with a review of the factors involved in designing, implementing and enforcing a regulatory regime for industrial safety. It then evaluates the four regimes exploring the contextual factors that influence their design and implementation, their reliance on industrial expertise and standards, and the use of performance indicators. Finally the book assesses the resilience of the Norwegian regime, its capacity to keep pace with new technologies and emerging risks, respond to near miss incidents, encourage safety culture, incorporate vested rights of labor, and perform inspection and self-audit functions. This book is relevant for those in government, business and academia, and anyone involved in offshore safety issues. |
| Author | Baram, Michael S. Renn, Ortwin Lindøe, Preben Hempel |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Lindøe, Preben Hempel – sequence: 2 fullname: Baram, Michael S. – sequence: 3 fullname: Renn, Ortwin |
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| Copyright | Cambridge University Press2014 |
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| Editor | Renn, Ortwin Baram, Michael Lindøe, Preben Hempel |
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| Notes | Includes bibliographical references and index |
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| Snippet | This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway and... This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Government policy Offshore gas industry Offshore gas industry -- Government policy Offshore gas industry -- Risk management Offshore gas industry -- Safety measures Offshore oil industry Offshore oil industry -- Government policy Offshore oil industry -- Risk management Offshore oil industry -- Safety measures |
| TableOfContents | Part II Regulatory Regimes: Norway, United Kingdom, United States, and Australia -- 5 Safety Regulation on the Norwegian Continental Shelf -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.1.1. The Role of Law in Safety -- 5.1.2. The Emergence of Norwegian Offshore Safety Regulation -- 5.1.3 Different Categories of Safety Regulations -- 5.2. The Problem of Jurisdiction -- 5.3. State Safety Management: The Structure of the Safety Regulation -- 5.3.1. Norwegian Statutes -- 5.3.2. The Role of Decrees and Regulations -- 5.3.3. Simplified Approach -- 5.4. The 2010 Framework Regulations and the Pursuant Regulations -- 5.4.1. The Structure of Regulations -- 5.4.2. Direct Safety Requirements -- 5.4.3. Indirect Safety Requirements -- 5.4.4. General Regulations and Individual Administrative Decisions -- 5.5. State Safety Control -- 5.5.1. The Objects of Control and the Means of Controlling Them -- 5.5.2. Enforcing Safety -- 5.6. Industry Safety Management -- 5.6.1. Overview -- 5.6.2. Internal Prescription of Safety Norms -- 5.6.3. Internal Safety Control -- 5.7 The Link between State and Industry Safety Management -- 6 Health and Safety Regulation on the UK Continental Shelf -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. The Evolution of Offshore Health and Safety Regulation on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf -- 6.2.1. 1964-1971: De Facto Self-Regulation -- 6.2.2. 1971-1992: Detailed Prescription -- 6.2.3. 1992-Present: The Safety Case Approach -- 6.3. Experience with the Safety Case Approach -- 6.4. Macondo and the Possibility of a New European Directive -- 6.5. Conclusion -- References -- 7 The U.S. Regulatory Regime for Preventing Major Accidents in Offshore Operations -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Context -- 7.3. Risks -- 7.4. Legal Framework -- 7.5. Regulation -- 7.5.1. Prescription -- 7.5.2. Inspection -- 7.5.3. Dependence on Industry -- 7.5.4. Learning from Safety Science 7.6. New Regime -- 7.7. Conclusion -- References -- 8 A New Policy Direction in Australian Offshore Safety Regulation -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The Montara Blowout -- 8.2.1. The Incident -- 8.2.2. Barriers to Prevent Flow from the Well -- 8.3. Organisational Factors -- 8.3.1. Providing Active Supervision -- 8.3.2. Separation of Engineering Integrity and Operations Functions -- 8.3.3. Effective Change Management - Rule Compliance versus Risk Assessment -- 8.3.4. Regulatory Failure -- 8.4. Controlling the Potential for Accidents -- 8.4.1. Regulation of Offshore Safety -- 8.4.2. Continuing Disasters - Social Science View -- 8.5 Incorporating Organisational Issues into Offshore Safety Legislation -- 8.5.1. Incorporating Organisational Issues into Consideration of Risk -- 8.5.2. Organisational Issues to Regulate -- 8.5.3. Safety Cases and Enforced SelfRegulation -- 8.6. Preventing Another Montara -- 8.7. Conclusions -- References -- 9 Safety Indicators Used by Authorities in the Petroleum Industry of the United Kingdom, the United States and Norway -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Challenges of Performing Comparison between Countries -- 9.2.1. The Term 'Indicators' -- 9.2.2. Perspectives and Focus of Attention -- 9.2.2.1. The Predictive versus Retrospective Perspective -- 9.2.2.2. The TechnicalHumanOrganisational Perspective -- 9.2.2.3. Different Aspects of HSE -- 9.2.3. Data and Comparability -- 9.3. General Status of Indicators in the United Kingdom, the United States and Norway -- 9.3.1. Indicators Used in the United Kingdom -- 9.3.2. Indicators used in the United States -- 9.3.3. Indicators Used in Norway -- 9.3.4. Background Data: the United Kingdom, the United States and Norway -- 9.3.5. Other Sources of Indicators -- 9.4. Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Part III Norwegian SelfRegulation 13.4.5. Risk and Technology Intro -- Risk Governance of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction: In Search of Robustness -- I.1. Offshore Safety -- I.2. The Quest for Robust Regulation -- I.3. This Book -- Part I Regulatory Frameworks and Concepts -- 1 A Generic Model for Risk Governance -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Pre-Estimation -- 1.3. Interdisciplinary Risk Estimation -- 1.4. Risk Evaluation -- 1.5. Risk Management -- 1.6. Risk Communication and Participation -- 1.7. Conclusions -- References -- 2 Modes of Risk Regulation for Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Social Control of Hazardous Industrial Activities -- 2.3. Modes of Regulation for Preventing Major Accidents -- 2.4. Legitimacy, Accountability, and Legality -- 2.5. Conclusion -- 3 Values and Norms - A Basis for a Safety Culture -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Values, Norms, Attitudes, and Beliefs -- 3.3. The Role of Values and Norms in Safety Culture -- 3.4. Societal Culture: The Bedrock of Safety Culture? -- 3.5. The Role of National Culture on Safety Culture and Safety Performance -- 3.6. National Culture and Safety in Other Industries -- 3.7. National Culture and Safety Culture in the Oil and Gas Industry -- 3.8. National Culture, Safety Climate, and Safety Performance -- 3.9. Other Influences on Safety Culture -- 3.10. Safety Culture in Air Traffic Management (ATM): Are There Lessons to Be Learned? -- 3.11. Conclusion -- References -- 4 Optimising Offshore Health and Safety Inspections -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Scarce Resources -- 4.3. Recurring Theme -- 4.4. Transferring Responsibility -- 4.5. Optimisation of Decision Making -- 4.6. Group-Based Forecasting Methods -- 4.7. Drawbacks -- 4.8. The Five Methods and Risk Management -- 4.9. Final Comments 10 GovernmentEnforced SelfRegulation The Norwegian Case -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. The Regulatory Response -- 10.3. The Paradigm Shift -- 10.3.1. Requirement to Prudent Operations -- 10.3.2. Leading the Business from Norway - Norwegian Organisation -- 10.3.3. Expanded Safety Concept -- 10.3.4. Adjusting to Continuous Technological Improvement -- 10.4. New Regulatory Approach to Safety and the Working Environment -- 10.4.1. Functional Regulations -- 10.4.2. Introduction of Internal Control -- 10.4.3. Cooperation with Those Involved - Tripartite Collaboration15 -- 10.4.3.1. The Regulatory Forum -- 10.4.3.2. The Safety Forum -- 10.4.3.3. Working Together for Safety -- 10.4.3.4. Competence in Rules and Regulations for the Petroleum Industry (RVK) -- 10.5. Challenges in a GovernmentSupervised SelfRegulation Regime -- 10.5.1. Developing an Open and Transparent Dialogue -- 10.5.2. Dilemmas Presented by Checks and Balances -- 10.5.3. Follow-Up in a Government-Enforced Self-Regulation Regime -- 10.6. The Monitoring Program (RNNP) -- 10.7. Criteria for Success -- 10.7.1. Licensing Legislation and the Selection of Competent Players -- 10.7.2. A Model Deeply Rooted in the Institutional Tripartite Collaboration -- 10.7.3. Knowledge and Expertise Development -- References -- 11 Contested Terrains in Risk Regulation -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Perspectives and Concepts -- 11.3. The Regulatory System in the Normal State -- 11.4. Testing Boundaries and Challenging Accountability -- 11.4.1. Case I: Risk and Rest(itution) -- 11.4.2. Case II: Regulating Culture -- 11.5. Discussion -- 11.6. Conclusion -- References -- 12 Boxing and Dancing -- 12.1. Introduction: A Regulatory Regime That Works in Practice But Not in Theory? -- 12.2. A Major Accident That Never Happened -- 12.3. Conceptualising a Regulatory Regime as an ActorNetwork 12.4. Tracing Translation Efforts through Discourse Analysis -- 12.5. Data and Methods -- 12.6. Results -- 12.6.1. Tripartite Collaboration in the Norwegian Petroleum Industry: Historical Context -- 12.6.2. The Norne Helicopter Accident -- 12.6.3. Clashing Views on HSE in the Petroleum Industry -- 12.6.4. The Establishment of Safety Forum -- 12.6.5. The NPD Enrols the Goal-Based HSE Regulations -- 12.6.6. The Offshore Accident on Christmas Eve -- 12.6.7. The Unions Adopt the New, Personalised Discourse -- 12.6.8. Working Together for Safety -- 12.6.9. Enrolling the Research Community in Consensus Building: The RNNP Project -- 12.6.10. The White Paper on Health, Environment and Safety in the Petroleum Activities -- 12.6.11. Boxing and Dancing Together for Safety -- 12.6.12. Tripartite Collaboration and HSE Performance -- 12.7. Discussion -- 12.7.1. What Actors Did the Three Parties Try to Enroll during the Different Phases of the Conflict? -- 12.7.2. How Did the Parties Go about Enrolling New Actors? -- 12.7.3. The Restoration of Tripartite Collaboration -- 12.7.4. Converging SenseMaking and Reinforcement of Organisational Structures -- 12.7.5. Who Regulates? -- 12.7.6. ANT and Discourse Analysis as a Research Approach -- 12.7.7. Implications for the Regulation of Risk -- 12.8. Conclusions -- References -- 13 Emergent Risk and New Technologies -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Governance Structure, Institutional Mechanisms and Regulation -- 13.3. The Industrial Policy and Regulation in the Condeep Era -- 13.3.1. The Condeep -- 13.3.2. Condeep and the Nordic Model -- 13.3.3. Working Life - Technology and WEA -- 13.4. The NORSOK Process and the Technological Transformation of the North Sea -- 13.4.1. The NORSOK Program -- 13.4.2. Activating the Tripartite System -- 13.4.3. From Integration to Disintegration -- 13.4.4. Economic Pressure |
| Title | Risk Governance of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations |
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