Antimicrobial resistance in a protracted war setting: a review of the literature from Palestine

This study goes beyond merely reviewing and summarizing data on AMR in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt), a region enduring chronic war-like conditions. Our work addresses critical gaps in knowledge about AMR in populations affected by war and siege. By contextualizing AMR through a socio-p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:mSystems Vol. 10; no. 6; p. e0167924
Main Authors: Kumar, Ramya, Tanous, Osama, Mills, David, Wispelwey, Bram, Asi, Yara, Hammoudeh, Weeam, Dewachi, Omar
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Society for Microbiology 17.06.2025
Subjects:
AMR
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Carbapenems
Cow's milk
Data mining
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
equity
Food contamination
Genocide
Gram-negative bacteria
Health care
Health facilities
Heavy metals
Humanitarianism
Humans
Infections
Infrastructure
Keywords
Land settlement
Literature reviews
Massacres
Medical supplies
Meta-analysis
Methicillin
Microbial Ecology
Middle East - epidemiology
Military occupations
Minireview
Palestine
Palestinian people
Patients
Penicillin
Public health
settler colonialism
Special Series: Social Equity as a Means of Resolving Disparities in Microbial Exposure
Subject heading schemes
War
Warfare
β Lactamase
Middle East
Gaza Strip
Israel
West Bank
Jerusalem Israel
war
settler colonialism
equity
AMR
Palestine
ISSN:2379-5077, 2379-5077
Online Access:Get full text
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Description
Summary:This study goes beyond merely reviewing and summarizing data on AMR in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt), a region enduring chronic war-like conditions. Our work addresses critical gaps in knowledge about AMR in populations affected by war and siege. By contextualizing AMR through a socio-political lens, this study offers a novel perspective. It highlights deeper drivers, including the impact of war on the behaviors and education of patients and doctors, perceptions of antibiotics, the role of humanitarian interventions in fostering antibiotic anarchy, and the overall weakening of the Palestinian healthcare system. Importantly, this review also sets the stage for understanding the existing literature on AMR in the oPt within the context of the ongoing war in Gaza, emphasizing the immediate need for comprehensive strategies to address AMR under conditions of conflict. The insights can inform physicians and policymakers in designing and implementing effective AMR stewardship programs, not only in Palestine but also in other conflict-affected regions.
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The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ramya Kumar and Osama Tanous contributed equally to this article. The order of the names follows the alphabetical order of the surname. Omar Dewachi is the senior author.
ISSN:2379-5077
2379-5077
DOI:10.1128/msystems.01679-24