Importance of Nucleic Acid Recognition in Inflammation and Autoimmunity

An important concept in immunology is the classification of immune responses as either innate or adaptive, based on whether the antigen receptors are encoded in the germline or generated somatically by gene rearrangement. The innate immune system is an ancient mode of immunity, and by being a first...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of medicine Vol. 67; p. 323
Main Authors: Barrat, Franck J, Elkon, Keith B, Fitzgerald, Katherine A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 14.01.2016
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic - therapeutic use
Aminoquinolines - therapeutic use
Animals
Autoimmunity - immunology
Cytosol - immunology
DNA, Viral - immunology
Endosomes - immunology
Humans
Imiquimod
Immunity, Innate
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - metabolism
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology
Nucleic Acids - immunology
Psoriasis - immunology
Signal Transduction
Toll-Like Receptors - agonists
Toll-Like Receptors - antagonists & inhibitors
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
Virus Diseases - immunology
pattern recognition receptors
therapeutics
nucleic acids
autoimmunity
innate immunity
ISSN:1545-326X, 1545-326X
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:An important concept in immunology is the classification of immune responses as either innate or adaptive, based on whether the antigen receptors are encoded in the germline or generated somatically by gene rearrangement. The innate immune system is an ancient mode of immunity, and by being a first layer in our defense against infectious agents, it is essential for our ability to develop rapid and sustained responses to pathogens. We discuss the importance of nucleic acid recognition by the innate immune system to mounting an appropriate immune response to pathogens and also how inflammation driven by uncontrolled recognition of self-nucleic acids can lead to autoimmune diseases. We also summarize current efforts to either harness the immune system using agonists of nucleic acid-specific innate sensors or, on the contrary, by using inhibitors in autoimmune situations.
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ISSN:1545-326X
1545-326X
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-052814-023338