Hacking the Brain: Dimensions of Cognitive Enhancement

In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been proposed. Evidence for their efficacy (or lack thereof) and side effects has prompted discussions about ethical, societal,...

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Vydáno v:ACS chemical neuroscience Ročník 10; číslo 3; s. 1137
Hlavní autoři: Dresler, Martin, Sandberg, Anders, Bublitz, Christoph, Ohla, Kathrin, Trenado, Carlos, Mroczko-Wąsowicz, Aleksandra, Kühn, Simone, Repantis, Dimitris
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States 20.03.2019
Témata:
Animals
Brain - drug effects
Brain - physiology
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - methods
Humans
Nootropic Agents - pharmacology
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods
neuroethics
memory
cognition
working memory
Neuroenhancement
attention
brain hacking
creativity
ISSN:1948-7193, 1948-7193
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Abstract In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been proposed. Evidence for their efficacy (or lack thereof) and side effects has prompted discussions about ethical, societal, and medical implications. In the public debate, cognitive enhancement is often seen as a monolithic phenomenon. On a closer look, however, cognitive enhancement turns out to be a multifaceted concept: There is not one cognitive enhancer that augments brain function per se, but a great variety of interventions that can be clustered into biochemical, physical, and behavioral enhancement strategies. These cognitive enhancers differ in their mode of action, the cognitive domain they target, the time scale they work on, their availability and side effects, and how they differentially affect different groups of subjects. Here we disentangle the dimensions of cognitive enhancement, review prominent examples of cognitive enhancers that differ across these dimensions, and thereby provide a framework for both theoretical discussions and empirical research.
AbstractList In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been proposed. Evidence for their efficacy (or lack thereof) and side effects has prompted discussions about ethical, societal, and medical implications. In the public debate, cognitive enhancement is often seen as a monolithic phenomenon. On a closer look, however, cognitive enhancement turns out to be a multifaceted concept: There is not one cognitive enhancer that augments brain function per se, but a great variety of interventions that can be clustered into biochemical, physical, and behavioral enhancement strategies. These cognitive enhancers differ in their mode of action, the cognitive domain they target, the time scale they work on, their availability and side effects, and how they differentially affect different groups of subjects. Here we disentangle the dimensions of cognitive enhancement, review prominent examples of cognitive enhancers that differ across these dimensions, and thereby provide a framework for both theoretical discussions and empirical research.In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been proposed. Evidence for their efficacy (or lack thereof) and side effects has prompted discussions about ethical, societal, and medical implications. In the public debate, cognitive enhancement is often seen as a monolithic phenomenon. On a closer look, however, cognitive enhancement turns out to be a multifaceted concept: There is not one cognitive enhancer that augments brain function per se, but a great variety of interventions that can be clustered into biochemical, physical, and behavioral enhancement strategies. These cognitive enhancers differ in their mode of action, the cognitive domain they target, the time scale they work on, their availability and side effects, and how they differentially affect different groups of subjects. Here we disentangle the dimensions of cognitive enhancement, review prominent examples of cognitive enhancers that differ across these dimensions, and thereby provide a framework for both theoretical discussions and empirical research.
In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been proposed. Evidence for their efficacy (or lack thereof) and side effects has prompted discussions about ethical, societal, and medical implications. In the public debate, cognitive enhancement is often seen as a monolithic phenomenon. On a closer look, however, cognitive enhancement turns out to be a multifaceted concept: There is not one cognitive enhancer that augments brain function per se, but a great variety of interventions that can be clustered into biochemical, physical, and behavioral enhancement strategies. These cognitive enhancers differ in their mode of action, the cognitive domain they target, the time scale they work on, their availability and side effects, and how they differentially affect different groups of subjects. Here we disentangle the dimensions of cognitive enhancement, review prominent examples of cognitive enhancers that differ across these dimensions, and thereby provide a framework for both theoretical discussions and empirical research.
Author Bublitz, Christoph
Repantis, Dimitris
Ohla, Kathrin
Dresler, Martin
Sandberg, Anders
Kühn, Simone
Trenado, Carlos
Mroczko-Wąsowicz, Aleksandra
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Martin
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7441-3818
  surname: Dresler
  fullname: Dresler, Martin
  organization: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen 6525 EN , The Netherlands
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Anders
  surname: Sandberg
  fullname: Sandberg, Anders
  organization: Future of Humanity Institute , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 1PT , United Kingdom
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Christoph
  surname: Bublitz
  fullname: Bublitz, Christoph
  organization: Faculty of Law , University of Hamburg , Hamburg 20148 , Germany
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Kathrin
  surname: Ohla
  fullname: Ohla, Kathrin
  organization: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience (INM3) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52428 , Germany
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Carlos
  surname: Trenado
  fullname: Trenado, Carlos
  organization: Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors , TU Dortmund , Dortmund 44139 , Germany
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Aleksandra
  surname: Mroczko-Wąsowicz
  fullname: Mroczko-Wąsowicz, Aleksandra
  organization: Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112 , Taiwan
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Simone
  surname: Kühn
  fullname: Kühn, Simone
  organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Clinic Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg 20246 , Germany
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Dimitris
  surname: Repantis
  fullname: Repantis, Dimitris
  organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin 12203 , Germany
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30550256$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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memory
cognition
working memory
Neuroenhancement
attention
brain hacking
creativity
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SubjectTerms Animals
Brain - drug effects
Brain - physiology
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - methods
Humans
Nootropic Agents - pharmacology
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods
Title Hacking the Brain: Dimensions of Cognitive Enhancement
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