Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil–water system containing a nonionic surfactant

The effect of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX100), on the distribution of four representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene, fluorene, acenaphthene and naphthalene, in soil–water system was studied on a natural soil. The apparent soil–water distribution coefficient wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 60; no. 9; pp. 1237 - 1245
Main Authors:	Zhou, Wenjun, Zhu, Lizhong
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2005 Elsevier
Subjects:	acenaphthene Adsorption analysis Animals Applied sciences chemistry Critical washing concentration Decontamination. Miscellaneous Distribution coefficient Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Exact sciences and technology fluorene Groundwaters Mice Micelles naphthalene Natural water pollution nonionic surfactants Octoxynol Octoxynol - chemistry phenanthrene phenanthrenes polluted soils Pollution Pollution, environment geology Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis remediation Soil Soil - analysis Soil and sediments pollution Soil Pollutants Soil Pollutants - analysis soil pollution soil solution soil washing soil water distribution coefficient Sorption Surface-Active Agents Surface-Active Agents - chemistry Surfactant Water Water - chemistry Water treatment and pollution Sorption Distribution coefficient Critical washing concentration Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Surfactant Fluorene Phenanthrene Hydrocarbon Non ionic surfactant Surfactant polymer Partition coefficient Desorption Polycyclic aromatic compound Soil pollution Solubilization Interstitial water Persistent organic pollutant Naphthalene Decontamination Phase partition Water pollution Acenaphthene Ground water
ISSN:	0045-6535, 1879-1298
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Summary:	The effect of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX100), on the distribution of four representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene, fluorene, acenaphthene and naphthalene, in soil–water system was studied on a natural soil. The apparent soil–water distribution coefficient with surfactant ( K d ∗ ) for these compounds increased when TX100 equilibrium concentration from zero to around the critical micelle concentration (CMC), followed by a decrease in K d ∗ at TX100 equilibrium concentration greater than CMC. This is a direct result of surfactant sorption onto soil followed by PAHs partitioning to the sorbed surfactant. The values of carbon-normalized solute distribution coefficient ( K ss) with the sorbed TX100 are greater than the corresponding partition coefficients with soil organic matter ( K oc), which indicates the soil-sorbed nonionic surfactant is more effective per unit mass as a partitioning medium than the native soil organic matter for PAHs. When K d ∗ = K d the corresponding initial concentration of surfactant was defined as critical washing concentration (CWC). Depending on the surfactant initial concentration below or above the CWC, the addition of nonionic surfactant can enhance the retardation of soil for PAHs or promote the removal of PAHs from soil, respectively. The values of K d ∗ and CWC can be predicted by a model, which correlates them with the compounds’ octanol–water partition coefficients ( K ow), soil property and the amount of soil-sorbed surfactant.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0045-6535 1879-1298
DOI:	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.058