Advances in Viroid-Host Interactions

Viroids are small, single-stranded, circular RNAs infecting plants. Composed of only a few hundred nucleotides and being unable to code for proteins, viroids represent the lowest level of complexity for an infectious agent, even below that of the smallest known viruses. Despite the relatively small...

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Published in:Annual review of virology Vol. 8; no. 1; p. 305
Main Authors: Navarro, Beatriz, Flores, Ricardo, Di Serio, Francesco
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 29.09.2021
Subjects:
Plant Diseases
Plants
RNA Interference
RNA, Viral - chemistry
RNA, Viral - genetics
Viroids - chemistry
Viroids - genetics
pathogenesis
RNA silencing
RNA trafficking
noncoding RNAs
RNA structure
catalytic RNAs
ISSN:2327-0578, 2327-0578
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Viroids are small, single-stranded, circular RNAs infecting plants. Composed of only a few hundred nucleotides and being unable to code for proteins, viroids represent the lowest level of complexity for an infectious agent, even below that of the smallest known viruses. Despite the relatively small size, viroids contain RNA structural elements embracing all the information needed to interact with host factors involved in their infectious cycle, thus providing models for studying structure-function relationships of RNA. Viroids are specifically targeted to nuclei (family ) or chloroplasts (family ), where replication based on rolling-circle mechanisms takes place. They move locally and systemically through plasmodesmata and phloem, respectively, and may elicit symptoms in the infected host, with pathogenic pathways linked to RNA silencing and other plant defense responses. In this review, recent advances in the dissection of the complex interplay between viroids and plants are presented, highlighting knowledge gaps and perspectives for future research.
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ISSN:2327-0578
2327-0578
DOI:10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092331