Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods. 2. Original paint layer samples
The darkening of the original yellow areas painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO(4), PbCrO(4)·xPbSO(4), or PbCrO(4)·xPbO) is a phenomenon widely observed on several paintings by Vincent van Gogh, such as the famous different versions of Sunflowers. During our previous investigations on artif...
Uložené v:
| Vydané v: | Analytical chemistry (Washington) Ročník 83; číslo 4; s. 1224 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
United States
15.02.2011
|
| ISSN: | 1520-6882, 1520-6882 |
| On-line prístup: | Zistit podrobnosti o prístupe |
| Tagy: |
Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
|
| Abstract | The darkening of the original yellow areas painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO(4), PbCrO(4)·xPbSO(4), or PbCrO(4)·xPbO) is a phenomenon widely observed on several paintings by Vincent van Gogh, such as the famous different versions of Sunflowers. During our previous investigations on artificially aged model samples of lead chromate, we established for the first time that darkening of chrome yellow is caused by reduction of PbCrO(4) to Cr(2)O(3)·2H(2)O (viridian green), likely accompanied by the presence of another Cr(III) compound, such as either Cr(2)(SO(4))(3)·H(2)O or (CH(3)CO(2))(7)Cr(3)(OH)(2) [chromium(III) acetate hydroxide]. In the second part of this work, in order to demonstrate that this reduction phenomenon effectively takes place in real paintings, we study original paint samples from two paintings of V. van Gogh. As with the model samples, in view of the thin superficial alteration layers that are present, high lateral resolution spectroscopic methods that make use of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as microscopic X-ray absorption near edge (μ-XANES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) were employed. Additionally, μ-Raman and mid-FTIR analyses were carried out to completely characterize the samples. On both paint microsamples, the local presence of reduced Cr was demonstrated by means of μ-XANES point measurements. The presence of Cr(III) was revealed in specific areas, in some cases correlated to the presence of Ba(sulfate) and/or to that of aluminum silicate compounds. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The darkening of the original yellow areas painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO(4), PbCrO(4)·xPbSO(4), or PbCrO(4)·xPbO) is a phenomenon widely observed on several paintings by Vincent van Gogh, such as the famous different versions of Sunflowers. During our previous investigations on artificially aged model samples of lead chromate, we established for the first time that darkening of chrome yellow is caused by reduction of PbCrO(4) to Cr(2)O(3)·2H(2)O (viridian green), likely accompanied by the presence of another Cr(III) compound, such as either Cr(2)(SO(4))(3)·H(2)O or (CH(3)CO(2))(7)Cr(3)(OH)(2) [chromium(III) acetate hydroxide]. In the second part of this work, in order to demonstrate that this reduction phenomenon effectively takes place in real paintings, we study original paint samples from two paintings of V. van Gogh. As with the model samples, in view of the thin superficial alteration layers that are present, high lateral resolution spectroscopic methods that make use of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as microscopic X-ray absorption near edge (μ-XANES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) were employed. Additionally, μ-Raman and mid-FTIR analyses were carried out to completely characterize the samples. On both paint microsamples, the local presence of reduced Cr was demonstrated by means of μ-XANES point measurements. The presence of Cr(III) was revealed in specific areas, in some cases correlated to the presence of Ba(sulfate) and/or to that of aluminum silicate compounds. The darkening of the original yellow areas painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO(4), PbCrO(4)·xPbSO(4), or PbCrO(4)·xPbO) is a phenomenon widely observed on several paintings by Vincent van Gogh, such as the famous different versions of Sunflowers. During our previous investigations on artificially aged model samples of lead chromate, we established for the first time that darkening of chrome yellow is caused by reduction of PbCrO(4) to Cr(2)O(3)·2H(2)O (viridian green), likely accompanied by the presence of another Cr(III) compound, such as either Cr(2)(SO(4))(3)·H(2)O or (CH(3)CO(2))(7)Cr(3)(OH)(2) [chromium(III) acetate hydroxide]. In the second part of this work, in order to demonstrate that this reduction phenomenon effectively takes place in real paintings, we study original paint samples from two paintings of V. van Gogh. As with the model samples, in view of the thin superficial alteration layers that are present, high lateral resolution spectroscopic methods that make use of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as microscopic X-ray absorption near edge (μ-XANES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) were employed. Additionally, μ-Raman and mid-FTIR analyses were carried out to completely characterize the samples. On both paint microsamples, the local presence of reduced Cr was demonstrated by means of μ-XANES point measurements. The presence of Cr(III) was revealed in specific areas, in some cases correlated to the presence of Ba(sulfate) and/or to that of aluminum silicate compounds.The darkening of the original yellow areas painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO(4), PbCrO(4)·xPbSO(4), or PbCrO(4)·xPbO) is a phenomenon widely observed on several paintings by Vincent van Gogh, such as the famous different versions of Sunflowers. During our previous investigations on artificially aged model samples of lead chromate, we established for the first time that darkening of chrome yellow is caused by reduction of PbCrO(4) to Cr(2)O(3)·2H(2)O (viridian green), likely accompanied by the presence of another Cr(III) compound, such as either Cr(2)(SO(4))(3)·H(2)O or (CH(3)CO(2))(7)Cr(3)(OH)(2) [chromium(III) acetate hydroxide]. In the second part of this work, in order to demonstrate that this reduction phenomenon effectively takes place in real paintings, we study original paint samples from two paintings of V. van Gogh. As with the model samples, in view of the thin superficial alteration layers that are present, high lateral resolution spectroscopic methods that make use of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as microscopic X-ray absorption near edge (μ-XANES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) were employed. Additionally, μ-Raman and mid-FTIR analyses were carried out to completely characterize the samples. On both paint microsamples, the local presence of reduced Cr was demonstrated by means of μ-XANES point measurements. The presence of Cr(III) was revealed in specific areas, in some cases correlated to the presence of Ba(sulfate) and/or to that of aluminum silicate compounds. |
| Author | Miliani, Costanza Van der Snickt, Geert Hendriks, Ella Radepont, Marie De Nolf, Wout Dik, Joris Geldof, Muriel Cotte, Marine Monico, Letizia Janssens, Koen |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Letizia surname: Monico fullname: Monico, Letizia organization: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Geert surname: Van der Snickt fullname: Van der Snickt, Geert – sequence: 3 givenname: Koen surname: Janssens fullname: Janssens, Koen – sequence: 4 givenname: Wout surname: De Nolf fullname: De Nolf, Wout – sequence: 5 givenname: Costanza surname: Miliani fullname: Miliani, Costanza – sequence: 6 givenname: Joris surname: Dik fullname: Dik, Joris – sequence: 7 givenname: Marie surname: Radepont fullname: Radepont, Marie – sequence: 8 givenname: Ella surname: Hendriks fullname: Hendriks, Ella – sequence: 9 givenname: Muriel surname: Geldof fullname: Geldof, Muriel – sequence: 10 givenname: Marine surname: Cotte fullname: Cotte, Marine |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21314202$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpNkEFPGzEQha0KVCDtoX-gmhunDfZsnGyOFdAUCYkLVL1FY3s2cbVrb20Haf8Wv7CbQiVOb0bvzTfSuxAnIQYW4ouScyVRXZGdRCvED-JcaZTVsmnw5N18Ji5y_i2lUlItP4ozVLVaoMRz8XLDu0SOio8BhhQt5wyxhY7Jgd2n2FNh8JNHPhQfdhnMCD99sBwKPFOATdztIZeD8-yOXs8U_iHyGI6AkibyryrRCHlgO629tylmG4cRKDhI3E0_3HRY9tHlOeAcHpLf-UDd61voaOQEmfqh4_xJnLbUZf78pjPx9P328fpHdf-wubv-dl-RlstSIUuHVNcratdS1q3VTuuVQc2GWiPJLcyyMbQw2Ehp1y1irYxyimrCtdErnInLV-5Uy58D57LtfbbcdRQ4HvK20Wq1aNaNmpJf35IH07PbDsn3lMbt_5rxL6Ccg4k |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_xrs_2623 crossref_primary_10_1002_jrs_4518 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_anchem_071015_041500 crossref_primary_10_3390_heritage6020078 crossref_primary_10_1039_C5AN02065D crossref_primary_10_1016_j_porgcoat_2023_108074 crossref_primary_10_3390_heritage6100354 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vibspec_2018_07_006 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40494_018_0244_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00339_011_6686_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dyepig_2014_09_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2023_122553 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sab_2016_05_012 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00339_011_6665_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_00387010_2013_791857 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40494_019_0339_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_infrared_2020_103328 crossref_primary_10_3367_UFNe_2017_07_038174 crossref_primary_10_1080_00393630_2015_1131478 crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_201200840 crossref_primary_10_1002_col_22164 crossref_primary_10_1039_C4JA00419A crossref_primary_10_1016_j_saa_2012_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1021_ac203462h crossref_primary_10_1039_c0ja00217h crossref_primary_10_1007_s00339_012_7534_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s41061_016_0079_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2024_158454 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_culher_2024_10_002 crossref_primary_10_1080_15275922_2013_781080 crossref_primary_10_1107_S090904951102334X crossref_primary_10_1002_jrs_4094 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00339_012_7418_0 crossref_primary_10_1038_s40494_025_01675_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_saa_2015_11_027 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00339_012_7528_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aca_2016_04_053 crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_201305753 crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_201802801 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2015_08_028 crossref_primary_10_1002_ciuz_201190044 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_saa_2016_12_028 crossref_primary_10_1002_col_22197 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2021_125886 crossref_primary_10_1002_adom_201400366 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dyepig_2017_01_046 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41061_015_0008_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_radphyschem_2015_11_009 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_6b00479 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40494_021_00489_1 crossref_primary_10_1039_c1ja90038b crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physrep_2012_03_003 crossref_primary_10_1177_0003702816685097 crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_201305753 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2023_131453 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep29594 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jelechem_2020_114601 crossref_primary_10_1039_c7pp00307b crossref_primary_10_1186_s40494_024_01135_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2023_03_040 crossref_primary_10_1039_C5JA00091B crossref_primary_10_1039_C6JA00356G crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_anchem_062012_092702 crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_201505840 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40494_017_0153_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sab_2013_07_009 crossref_primary_10_1080_10520295_2017_1399465 crossref_primary_10_1002_jrs_4548 crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_201802801 crossref_primary_10_1039_c3an00892d crossref_primary_10_3390_heritage8010026 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00339_015_9239_4 crossref_primary_10_1039_c1ja90047a crossref_primary_10_1186_s40494_020_00388_x crossref_primary_10_1080_15502724_2019_1574139 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40766_025_00070_7 crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_201200840 crossref_primary_10_1002_adom_201900218 crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_201505840 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_culher_2012_11_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_culher_2018_11_005 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1021/ac1025122 |
| DatabaseName | PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | no_fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Chemistry |
| EISSN | 1520-6882 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 21314202 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- -DZ -~X .DC .K2 23M 4.4 53G 55A 5GY 5RE 5VS 6J9 7~N 85S AABXI AAHBH ABBLG ABHFT ABHMW ABJNI ABLBI ABMVS ABOCM ABPPZ ABQRX ABUCX ACBEA ACGFO ACGFS ACGOD ACIWK ACJ ACKOT ACNCT ACPRK ACS ADHLV AEESW AENEX AFEFF AFRAH AGXLV AHGAQ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AQSVZ BAANH BKOMP CS3 CUPRZ D0L EBS ED~ EJD F5P GGK GNL IH9 IHE JG~ KZ1 LG6 LMP NPM P2P PQQKQ ROL RXW TAE TN5 UHB UI2 UKR VF5 VG9 W1F WH7 X6Y XSW YZZ ZCA ~02 7X8 ABUFD |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-a506t-2e0d2a337af9003fc5d557b25ebafb0ad4b68ba4b2800c9f2231b1d1a3a29b572 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7X8 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 103 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000287176900012&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1520-6882 |
| IngestDate | Tue Nov 18 17:34:17 EST 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:50:09 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a506t-2e0d2a337af9003fc5d557b25ebafb0ad4b68ba4b2800c9f2231b1d1a3a29b572 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://zenodo.org/record/3423884 |
| PMID | 21314202 |
| PQID | 851748981 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_851748981 pubmed_primary_21314202 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2011-02-15 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2011-02-15 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2011 text: 2011-02-15 day: 15 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | Analytical chemistry (Washington) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Anal Chem |
| PublicationYear | 2011 |
| SSID | ssj0011016 |
| Score | 2.3724437 |
| Snippet | The darkening of the original yellow areas painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO(4), PbCrO(4)·xPbSO(4), or PbCrO(4)·xPbO) is a phenomenon widely... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 1224 |
| Title | Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods. 2. Original paint layer samples |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21314202 https://www.proquest.com/docview/851748981 |
| Volume | 83 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000287176900012&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELaAIlEOPMqj5aU5cHW7dmLHPlWoUDjA0gNUe1uNY5uuVJLtulTav8UvrMfJAhfEgUsulp0oY40_z-P7GHstnFYWleY6ny-8VlZzWxnNXYYHrTGxCaXr_fRjM52a2cyejLU5aSyr3PjE4qh931KM_IA05GtjjThcXnASjaLk6qigcZNtVRnJUEVXM_udRKCLaaFLpRtSRpIbYiEpDrAVBK5JMvdvwLIcMMf3__PTHrB7I7KEN8NWeMhuhG6H3TnaCLrtsLt_cA8-Yj_fEk3EoKgEy6FdAPoI59no0J6t-gxlAyzyGC6KmkQCt4bTRUflnJDxN7zvv51BKnWInsa-h3zs0RJp3dECFGSHGV_hGko_54oaoIk8s1-uATsPpY8mzx1UrNM-yH34PAp1Da-Fc8xXAkhIHMbpMft6_O7L0Qc-CjhwVBN9yWWYeIlV1WCkgGlslVeqcVIFh9FN0NdOG4e1kxm2tjZmqCKc8AIrlNapRj5ht7q-C7sMWmuCckL4KCgT6KwXOupGSIwmI5Rmj8HGNvP8WynrgV3of6T5L-vssaeDfefLgchjLkUlajmRz_49-TnbHqLJkgv1gm3F7BzCS3a7vbpcpNWrsvHyc3ry6Rqhw-YA |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Degradation+process+of+lead+chromate+in+paintings+by+Vincent+van+Gogh+studied+by+means+of+synchrotron+X-ray+spectromicroscopy+and+related+methods.+2.+Original+paint+layer+samples&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.au=Monico%2C+Letizia&rft.au=Van+der+Snickt%2C+Geert&rft.au=Janssens%2C+Koen&rft.au=De+Nolf%2C+Wout&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.eissn=1520-6882&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1224&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fac1025122&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21314202&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21314202&rft.externalDocID=21314202 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1520-6882&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1520-6882&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1520-6882&client=summon |