Rapid groundwater decline and some cases of recovery in aquifers globally

Groundwater resources are vital to ecosystems and livelihoods. Excessive groundwater withdrawals can cause groundwater levels to decline 1 – 10 , resulting in seawater intrusion 11 , land subsidence 12 , 13 , streamflow depletion 14 – 16 and wells running dry 17 . However, the global pace and preval...

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Vydáno v:	Nature (London) Ročník 625; číslo 7996; s. 715 - 721
Hlavní autoři:	Jasechko, Scott, Seybold, Hansjörg, Perrone, Debra, Fan, Ying, Shamsudduha, Mohammad, Taylor, Richard G., Fallatah, Othman, Kirchner, James W.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.01.2024 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	20th century 21st century 704/172 704/242 Acceleration Agricultural land Aquifer management Aquifer recharge Aquifer systems Aquifers Chemical analysis Ecosystem Groundwater Groundwater - analysis Groundwater depletion Groundwater levels Groundwater recharge Groundwater resources Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Precipitation Satellites Science Science (multidisciplinary) Seawater Stream discharge Stream flow Surface water Time series Trends Water analysis Water levels Water resources Water Supply - statistics & numerical data
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Shrnutí:	Groundwater resources are vital to ecosystems and livelihoods. Excessive groundwater withdrawals can cause groundwater levels to decline 1 – 10 , resulting in seawater intrusion 11 , land subsidence 12 , 13 , streamflow depletion 14 – 16 and wells running dry 17 . However, the global pace and prevalence of local groundwater declines are poorly constrained, because in situ groundwater levels have not been synthesized at the global scale. Here we analyse in situ groundwater-level trends for 170,000 monitoring wells and 1,693 aquifer systems in countries that encompass approximately 75% of global groundwater withdrawals 18 . We show that rapid groundwater-level declines (>0.5 m year −1 ) are widespread in the twenty-first century, especially in dry regions with extensive croplands. Critically, we also show that groundwater-level declines have accelerated over the past four decades in 30% of the world’s regional aquifers. This widespread acceleration in groundwater-level deepening highlights an urgent need for more effective measures to address groundwater depletion. Our analysis also reveals specific cases in which depletion trends have reversed following policy changes, managed aquifer recharge and surface-water diversions, demonstrating the potential for depleted aquifer systems to recover. Analysis of about 170,000 monitoring wells and 1,693 aquifer systems worldwide shows that extensive and often accelerating groundwater declines are widespread in the twenty-first century, but that groundwater levels are recovering in some cases.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	0028-0836 1476-4687 1476-4687
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-023-06879-8