Manganese Is Essential for Neuronal Health

The understanding of manganese (Mn) biology, in particular its cellular regulation and role in neurological disease, is an area of expanding interest. Mn is an essential micronutrient that is required for the activity of a diverse set of enzymatic proteins (e.g., arginase and glutamine synthase). Al...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of nutrition Vol. 35; p. 71
Main Authors: Horning, Kyle J, Caito, Samuel W, Tipps, K Grace, Bowman, Aaron B, Aschner, Michael
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 17.07.2015
Subjects:
Arginase - metabolism
Bile - metabolism
Blood-Brain Barrier
Brain - physiology
Enzyme Activation - physiology
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase - metabolism
Health Status
Homeostasis
Humans
Huntington Disease
Intestinal Absorption
Manganese - pharmacology
Manganese - physiology
Manganese - toxicity
Nervous System Diseases
Neurons - physiology
Parkinson Disease
blood-brain barrier
homeostasis
intracellular trafficking
neurodevelopment
cofactor
metal transport
ISSN:1545-4312, 1545-4312
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:The understanding of manganese (Mn) biology, in particular its cellular regulation and role in neurological disease, is an area of expanding interest. Mn is an essential micronutrient that is required for the activity of a diverse set of enzymatic proteins (e.g., arginase and glutamine synthase). Although necessary for life, Mn is toxic in excess. Thus, maintaining appropriate levels of intracellular Mn is critical. Unlike other essential metals, cell-level homeostatic mechanisms of Mn have not been identified. In this review, we discuss common forms of Mn exposure, absorption, and transport via regulated uptake/exchange at the gut and blood-brain barrier and via biliary excretion. We present the current understanding of cellular uptake and efflux as well as subcellular storage and transport of Mn. In addition, we highlight the Mn-dependent and Mn-responsive pathways implicated in the growing evidence of its role in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. We conclude with suggestions for future focuses of Mn health-related research.
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ISSN:1545-4312
1545-4312
DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034419