Improved soil hydrological modeling with the implementation of salt-induced freezing point depression in CoupModel: Model calibration and validation

•Salts in frozen soils impact freezing point and vary with time during freezing.•Couplings in water, heat and energy processes were found in frozen soils simulation.•Boundary conditions were found to impact surface water and energy balance.•Salts transport was underestimated by the model. Soil freez...

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Vydané v:	Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) Ročník 596; s. 125693
Hlavní autori:	Wu, Mousong, Zhao, Qiang, Jansson, Per-Erik, Wu, Jingwei, Tan, Xiao, Duan, Zheng, Wang, Kang, Chen, Peng, Zheng, Minjie, Huang, Jiesheng, Zhang, Wenxin
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Elsevier B.V 01.05.2021
Predmet:	Agricultural robots Agricultural soils Agriculture Calibration and validations China climate Climate change Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Energy balance Freezing Freezing point depression Geovetenskap och relaterad miljövetenskap heat transfer Hydrological process Hydrology Model calibration and validation Model performance model validation Natural Sciences Naturvetenskap Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources Saline soil Saline water Seasonal frost Sensitivity analysis Soil hydrology Soil mechanics Soil moisture Soil salinization soil temperature soil water spring Systematic modeling Temperature Temperature measurement Water management winter China Freezing point depression Sensitivity analysis Seasonal frost Soil hydrology Saline soil
ISSN:	0022-1694, 1879-2707, 1879-2707
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Abstract	•Salts in frozen soils impact freezing point and vary with time during freezing.•Couplings in water, heat and energy processes were found in frozen soils simulation.•Boundary conditions were found to impact surface water and energy balance.•Salts transport was underestimated by the model. Soil freezing/thawing is an important mechanism to control soil water and heat redistribution in mid-to-high latitudes. Salt in the agricultural soil from mid-to-high latitudes can alter characteristics of soil freezing/thawing cycle and then affect soil thermal and hydrological processes in winter and finally cause salinization in spring. To quantify the impacts of soil salinization on soil water and heat transport in saline soils, we conducted field experiments on soil water and heat dynamics in two typical agricultural regions of northern China with different climate and soil conditions. The coupled soil heat and water model—CoupModel has been extended to account for the dynamic impacts of salt on freezing point depression. The newly-added module improved the representation of soil freezing point depression by significantly improving model performance between simulated and measured soil temperatures, especially around freezing point, with mean error (ME) for the soil temperature at various depths reduced by 16% to 77% for the entire winter period. With a systematic model calibration approach, processes related to energy balance and soil freezing/thawing have been well constrained for both study sites with different characteristics for soil hydrology and energy balance. The model generally showed good performance with respect to soil moisture and temperature for both the calibration and validation periods. Our study has demonstrated a new modeling approach to successfully account for the impacts of salt on soil freezing/thawing and the new module can be a useful tool to address the salinization problems in mid-to-high latitudes with respect to climate change and water management.
AbstractList	Soil freezing/thawing is an important mechanism to control soil water and heat redistribution in mid-to-high latitudes. Salt in the agricultural soil from mid-to-high latitudes can alter characteristics of soil freezing/thawing cycle and then affect soil thermal and hydrological processes in winter and finally cause salinization in spring. To quantify the impacts of soil salinization on soil water and heat transport in saline soils, we conducted field experiments on soil water and heat dynamics in two typical agricultural regions of northern China with different climate and soil conditions. The coupled soil heat and water model—CoupModel has been extended to account for the dynamic impacts of salt on freezing point depression. The newly-added module improved the representation of soil freezing point depression by significantly improving model performance between simulated and measured soil temperatures, especially around freezing point, with mean error (ME) for the soil temperature at various depths reduced by 16% to 77% for the entire winter period. With a systematic model calibration approach, processes related to energy balance and soil freezing/thawing have been well constrained for both study sites with different characteristics for soil hydrology and energy balance. The model generally showed good performance with respect to soil moisture and temperature for both the calibration and validation periods. Our study has demonstrated a new modeling approach to successfully account for the impacts of salt on soil freezing/thawing and the new module can be a useful tool to address the salinization problems in mid-to-high latitudes with respect to climate change and water management. •Salts in frozen soils impact freezing point and vary with time during freezing.•Couplings in water, heat and energy processes were found in frozen soils simulation.•Boundary conditions were found to impact surface water and energy balance.•Salts transport was underestimated by the model. Soil freezing/thawing is an important mechanism to control soil water and heat redistribution in mid-to-high latitudes. Salt in the agricultural soil from mid-to-high latitudes can alter characteristics of soil freezing/thawing cycle and then affect soil thermal and hydrological processes in winter and finally cause salinization in spring. To quantify the impacts of soil salinization on soil water and heat transport in saline soils, we conducted field experiments on soil water and heat dynamics in two typical agricultural regions of northern China with different climate and soil conditions. The coupled soil heat and water model—CoupModel has been extended to account for the dynamic impacts of salt on freezing point depression. The newly-added module improved the representation of soil freezing point depression by significantly improving model performance between simulated and measured soil temperatures, especially around freezing point, with mean error (ME) for the soil temperature at various depths reduced by 16% to 77% for the entire winter period. With a systematic model calibration approach, processes related to energy balance and soil freezing/thawing have been well constrained for both study sites with different characteristics for soil hydrology and energy balance. The model generally showed good performance with respect to soil moisture and temperature for both the calibration and validation periods. Our study has demonstrated a new modeling approach to successfully account for the impacts of salt on soil freezing/thawing and the new module can be a useful tool to address the salinization problems in mid-to-high latitudes with respect to climate change and water management.
ArticleNumber	125693
Author	Zheng, Minjie Tan, Xiao Zhao, Qiang Zhang, Wenxin Wu, Mousong Wang, Kang Huang, Jiesheng Chen, Peng Wu, Jingwei Jansson, Per-Erik Duan, Zheng
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mousong surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Mousong organization: International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Qiang surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Qiang organization: State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Per-Erik surname: Jansson fullname: Jansson, Per-Erik organization: Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Jingwei surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Jingwei email: jingwei.wu@whu.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Xiao surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Xiao organization: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Zheng surname: Duan fullname: Duan, Zheng organization: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden – sequence: 7 givenname: Kang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Kang organization: State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Peng surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Peng organization: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Minjie surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Minjie organization: Department of Geology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden – sequence: 10 givenname: Jiesheng surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Jiesheng organization: State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Wenxin surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Wenxin email: wenxin.zhang@nateko.lu.se organization: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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Snippet	•Salts in frozen soils impact freezing point and vary with time during freezing.•Couplings in water, heat and energy processes were found in frozen soils... Soil freezing/thawing is an important mechanism to control soil water and heat redistribution in mid-to-high latitudes. Salt in the agricultural soil from...
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SubjectTerms	Agricultural robots Agricultural soils Agriculture Calibration and validations China climate Climate change Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Energy balance Freezing Freezing point depression Geovetenskap och relaterad miljövetenskap heat transfer Hydrological process Hydrology Model calibration and validation Model performance model validation Natural Sciences Naturvetenskap Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources Saline soil Saline water Seasonal frost Sensitivity analysis Soil hydrology Soil mechanics Soil moisture Soil salinization soil temperature soil water spring Systematic modeling Temperature Temperature measurement Water management winter
Title	Improved soil hydrological modeling with the implementation of salt-induced freezing point depression in CoupModel: Model calibration and validation
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