Macrosystems ecology: understanding ecological patterns and processes at continental scales

Macrosystems ecology is the study of diverse ecological phenomena at the scale of regions to continents and their interactions with phenomena at other scales. This emerging subdiscipline addresses ecological questions and environmental problems at these broad scales. Here, we describe this new field...

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Published in:	Frontiers in ecology and the environment Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 5 - 14
Main Authors:	Heffernan, James B, Soranno, Patricia A, Angilletta, Michael J, Buckley, Lauren B, Gruner, Daniel S, Keitt, Tim H, Kellner, James R, Kominoski, John S, Rocha, Adrian V, Xiao, Jingfeng, Harms, Tamara K, Goring, Simon J, Koenig, Lauren E, McDowell, William H, Powell, Heather, Richardson, Andrew D, Stow, Craig A, Vargas, Rodrigo, Weathers, Kathleen C
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Ecological Society of America 01.02.2014
Subjects:	Climate change Ecological processes Ecological sustainability Ecoregions Ecosystems environment Human ecology Landscape ecology Reviews space and time Species Urban ecology Wetland ecology
ISSN:	1540-9295, 1540-9309
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Abstract	Macrosystems ecology is the study of diverse ecological phenomena at the scale of regions to continents and their interactions with phenomena at other scales. This emerging subdiscipline addresses ecological questions and environmental problems at these broad scales. Here, we describe this new field, show how it relates to modern ecological study, and highlight opportunities that stem from taking a macrosystems perspective. We present a hierarchical framework for investigating macrosystems at any level of ecological organization and in relation to broader and finer scales. Building on well-established theory and concepts from other subdisciplines of ecology, we identify feedbacks, linkages among distant regions, and interactions that cross scales of space and time as the most likely sources of unexpected and novel behaviors in macrosystems. We present three examples that highlight the importance of this multiscaled systems perspective for understanding the ecology of regions to continents.
AbstractList	Macrosystems ecology is the study of diverse ecological phenomena at the scale of regions to continents and their interactions with phenomena at other scales. This emerging subdiscipline addresses ecological questions and environmental problems at these broad scales. Here, we describe this new field, show how it relates to modern ecological study, and highlight opportunities that stem from taking a macrosystems perspective. We present a hierarchical framework for investigating macrosystems at any level of ecological organization and in relation to broader and finer scales. Building on well-established theory and concepts from other subdisciplines of ecology, we identify feedbacks, linkages among distant regions, and interactions that cross scales of space and time as the most likely sources of unexpected and novel behaviors in macrosystems. We present three examples that highlight the importance of this multiscaled systems perspective for understanding the ecology of regions to continents. Macrosystems ecology is the study of diverse ecological phenomena at the scale of regions to continents and their interactions with phenomena at other scales. This emerging subdiscipline addresses ecological questions and environmental problems at these broad scales. Here, we describe this new field, show how it relates to modern ecological study, and highlight opportunities that stem from taking a macrosystems perspective. We present a hierarchical framework for investigating macrosystems at any level of ecological organization and in relation to broader and finer scales. Building on wellâestablished theory and concepts from other subdisciplines of ecology, we identify feedbacks, linkages among distant regions, and interactions that cross scales of space and time as the most likely sources of unexpected and novel behaviors in macrosystems. We present three examples that highlight the importance of this multiscaled systems perspective for understanding the ecology of regions to continents.
Author	Powell, Heather Heffernan, James B Rocha, Adrian V Kominoski, John S Richardson, Andrew D Buckley, Lauren B Goring, Simon J Gruner, Daniel S Koenig, Lauren E Keitt, Tim H McDowell, William H Xiao, Jingfeng Weathers, Kathleen C Kellner, James R Stow, Craig A Soranno, Patricia A Angilletta, Michael J Harms, Tamara K Vargas, Rodrigo
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Copyright	2014 by the Ecological Society of America Copyright © 2014 Ecological Society of America The Ecological Society of America
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Snippet	Macrosystems ecology is the study of diverse ecological phenomena at the scale of regions to continents and their interactions with phenomena at other scales....
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SubjectTerms	Climate change Ecological processes Ecological sustainability Ecoregions Ecosystems environment Human ecology Landscape ecology Reviews space and time Species Urban ecology Wetland ecology
Title	Macrosystems ecology: understanding ecological patterns and processes at continental scales
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