Disturbance response across a productivity gradient: postfire vegetation in serpentine and nonserpentine forests

Disturbances such as wildfire play a major role in the diversity, structure and composition of plant communities, however, little is known about the differential impacts of fire across landscapes that vary in characteristics such as soil nutrients and site productivity. Theory predicts that producti...

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Published in:Ecosphere (Washington, D.C) Vol. 6; no. 4; pp. art60 - 19
Main Authors: DeSiervo, Melissa H, Jules, Erik S, Safford, Hugh D
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Washington Ecological Society of America 01.04.2015
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Wiley
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ISSN:2150-8925, 2150-8925
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Abstract Disturbances such as wildfire play a major role in the diversity, structure and composition of plant communities, however, little is known about the differential impacts of fire across landscapes that vary in characteristics such as soil nutrients and site productivity. Theory predicts that productivity can mediate the impacts of fire for reasons related to broad ecological processes and differential selective forces. For instance, ecosystems with lower site productivity are less limited by space and light and consequently experience less pronounced changes in these resources following a disturbance. Moreover, resource availability related to disturbance and productivity can affect the proportion of plants with competitive versus stress-tolerant life history strategies. In this study, we utilized a model system for testing predictions about productivity and disturbance that included a mixed conifer forest across a gradient of edaphically harsh, ultramafic "serpentine" soils and "nonserpentine" soils in the northern Sierra Nevada (California, USA). We predicted that the magnitude of fire effects on plant diversity from a 2008 wildfire would be positively related to productivity (higher on nonserpentine soils) and that these factors would interact as environmental filters driving post-fire species assemblage. In summer 2013 we established 90 vegetation plots in burned areas and 40 plots outside the fire perimeter as a proxy for pre-fire conditions. We found a unimodal relationship between species diversity and fire severity (peaking at low/moderate severity), and mild evidence post-fire changes were more pronounced on nonserpentine soils. In contrast, we found strong evidence that productivity and fire severity interact as drivers of species composition and functional traits with a higher proportion of resprouting shrubs on nonserpentine soils and, contrary to our prediction, more invaders on serpentine soils. We hypothesize that differences in biomass between serpentine and nonserpentine forests were not substantial enough to elicit a differential diversity response, possibly deriving from a weaker serpentine syndrome in this region that has been previously noted. Our study reveals that differences in productivity can mediate the outcome of disturbances in ways that cannot be detected through standard community diversity metrics, and that consideration of life history trait variation is necessary.
AbstractList Disturbances such as wildfire play a major role in the diversity, structure and composition of plant communities, however, little is known about the differential impacts of fire across landscapes that vary in characteristics such as soil nutrients and site productivity. Theory predicts that productivity can mediate the impacts of fire for reasons related to broad ecological processes and differential selective forces. For instance, ecosystems with lower site productivity are less limited by space and light and consequently experience less pronounced changes in these resources following a disturbance. Moreover, resource availability related to disturbance and productivity can affect the proportion of plants with competitive versus stress‐tolerant life history strategies. In this study, we utilized a model system for testing predictions about productivity and disturbance that included a mixed conifer forest across a gradient of edaphically harsh, ultramafic “serpentine” soils and “nonserpentine” soils in the northern Sierra Nevada (California, USA). We predicted that the magnitude of fire effects on plant diversity from a 2008 wildfire would be positively related to productivity (higher on nonserpentine soils) and that these factors would interact as environmental filters driving post‐fire species assemblage. In summer 2013 we established 90 vegetation plots in burned areas and 40 plots outside the fire perimeter as a proxy for pre‐fire conditions. We found a unimodal relationship between species diversity and fire severity (peaking at low/moderate severity), and mild evidence post‐fire changes were more pronounced on nonserpentine soils. In contrast, we found strong evidence that productivity and fire severity interact as drivers of species composition and functional traits with a higher proportion of resprouting shrubs on nonserpentine soils and, contrary to our prediction, more invaders on serpentine soils. We hypothesize that differences in biomass between serpentine and nonserpentine forests were not substantial enough to elicit a differential diversity response, possibly deriving from a weaker serpentine syndrome in this region that has been previously noted. Our study reveals that differences in productivity can mediate the outcome of disturbances in ways that cannot be detected through standard community diversity metrics, and that consideration of life history trait variation is necessary.
Author Jules, Erik S
Safford, Hugh D
DeSiervo, Melissa H
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Melissa H
  surname: DeSiervo
  fullname: DeSiervo, Melissa H
  organization: Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521 USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Erik S
  surname: Jules
  fullname: Jules, Erik S
  organization: Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521 USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Hugh D
  surname: Safford
  fullname: Safford, Hugh D
  organization: USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, 1323 Club Drive, Vallejo, California 94582 USA Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616 USA
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Snippet Disturbances such as wildfire play a major role in the diversity, structure and composition of plant communities, however, little is known about the...
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SubjectTerms Biomass
Coniferous forests
Disturbance
dynamic equilibrium model
Ecosystems
Environmental changes
fire ecology
fire severity
Forest & brush fires
Forest biomass
Forests
Hypotheses
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
Life history
mixed conifer forest
ordination
Plant diversity
Plant populations
Productivity
Resource availability
serpentine
Serpentine soils
Shrubs
Sierra Nevada
Soil fertility
Soil nutrients
Species composition
Species diversity
ultramafic
Vegetation
Wildfires
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Title Disturbance response across a productivity gradient: postfire vegetation in serpentine and nonserpentine forests
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Volume 6
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