Sustainable Indoor Lighting
Encompassing a thorough survey of the lighting techniques applied to internal illumination characterized by high efficiency, optimized color and architectural integration, a consolidated summary of the latest scientific, technical and architectural research is presented in order to give the reader a...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Springer London, Limited
2015
Springer London Springer |
| Edition: | 1 |
| Series: | Green Energy and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| ISBN: | 9781447166320, 1447166329 |
| ISSN: | 1865-3529, 1865-3537 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Encompassing a thorough survey of the lighting techniques applied to internal illumination characterized by high efficiency, optimized color and architectural integration, a consolidated summary of the latest scientific, technical and architectural research is presented in order to give the reader an overview of the different themes with their interactions and mutual effects. This book describes light principles, methodologies and realisations for indoor illumination at low consumption. Power efficiency, color characteristics and architectural aspects are analyzed in terms of their practical application, with the interactions between scientific, technological and architectural features considered in order to supply a complete overview, which can be read both at technical level and at user level. Introducing photometric and radiometric quantities and laws, the book first discusses tests and measurements assessing lighting and color characteristics before examining in detail artificial light sources with particular attention paid to measures to reduce consumption and optimize efficiency. Key sources are illustrated with producers and suppliers with technical details and use specifications included.Serving to maximize reader insights into the use of sunlight - considering light transfer, application to indoor illumination and in particular to museum lighting - in the color rendering properties of light sources and the architectural aspects for natural indoor lighting, the final part of this boo collects other related but important elements including architectural issues, environmental integration and the possibility of changing the light color by introducing suitable coatings. The physiological effects of internal illumination quality on user comfort is discussed and several possibilities for energy saving using domotics are outlined. |
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| AbstractList | Encompassing a thorough survey of the lighting techniques applied to internal illumination characterized by high efficiency, optimized color and architectural integration, a consolidated summary of the latest scientific, technical and architectural research is presented in order to give the reader an overview of the different themes with their interactions and mutual effects. This book describes light principles, methodologies and realisations for indoor illumination at low consumption. Power efficiency, color characteristics and architectural aspects are analyzed in terms of their practical application, with the interactions between scientific, technological and architectural features considered in order to supply a complete overview, which can be read both at technical level and at user level. Introducing photometric and radiometric quantities and laws, the book first discusses tests and measurements assessing lighting and color characteristics before examining in detail artificial light sources with particular attention paid to measures to reduce consumption and optimize efficiency. Key sources are illustrated with producers and suppliers with technical details and use specifications included.Serving to maximize reader insights into the use of sunlight - considering light transfer, application to indoor illumination and in particular to museum lighting - in the color rendering properties of light sources and the architectural aspects for natural indoor lighting, the final part of this boo collects other related but important elements including architectural issues, environmental integration and the possibility of changing the light color by introducing suitable coatings. The physiological effects of internal illumination quality on user comfort is discussed and several possibilities for energy saving using domotics are outlined. |
| Author | Sansoni, Paola Mercatelli, Luca Farini, Alessandro |
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| ContentType | eBook |
| Copyright | Springer-Verlag London 2015 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Springer-Verlag London 2015 |
| DEWEY | 621.322 |
| DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4471-6633-7 |
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| Discipline | Engineering |
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| Edition | 1 2015 |
| Editor | Sansoni, Paola Mercatelli, Luca Farini, Alessandro |
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| ISBN | 9781447166320 1447166329 |
| ISSN | 1865-3529 |
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| PublicationDate | 2015 20141230 2015-01-15 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2015-01-01 2014-12-30 2015-01-15 |
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| PublicationPlace | London |
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| PublicationSeriesTitle | Green Energy and Technology |
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| PublicationYear | 2015 2014 |
| Publisher | Springer London, Limited Springer London Springer |
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| Snippet | Encompassing a thorough survey of the lighting techniques applied to internal illumination characterized by high efficiency, optimized color and architectural... |
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| SubjectTerms | Energy Engineering Interior lighting Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices Renewable and Green Energy Sustainable Development Sustainable engineering |
| TableOfContents | Further Reading -- 9 Lighting Luminaires -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Electrical Components -- 2.1 Sources -- 2.2 Lamp Holders -- 2.3 Supplying Systems -- 2.3.1 Power Supply for Incandescence Lamps -- 2.3.2 Power Supply for Fluorescent Lamps -- 2.3.3 Power Supply for HID Lamps -- 2.3.4 Power Supply for LEDs -- 3 Optical Components -- 3.1 Reflectors -- 3.2 Refracting Elements -- 3.3 Diffusing Elements -- 4 Mechanical Components -- 4.1 Main Device -- 4.2 Thermal Dissipation and Electric Safely -- 4.3 Mounting Accessories -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Websites -- 10 Building Glasses and Skylights: Optical Characterization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Illumination -- 2.1 Natural Light Sources -- 2.2 Photometry and Radiometry -- 2.3 Luminous Efficacy -- 3 Daylight Factor -- 4 Glare as Discomfort Parameter -- 4.1 Unified Glare Rating (UGR) -- 4.2 The CIE Daylight Glare Index (DGI) -- 4.3 The British Glare Index System (IES Glare Index) -- 5 Thermal Properties of Glass -- 5.1 Insulating Value (U-Factor) -- 5.2 Solar Factor and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient -- 6 Insulating Windows -- 6.1 Insulating Glasses -- 6.2 Spacers -- 6.3 Gas Fills -- 6.4 Reflecting Coatings -- 6.5 Low-E (Low-Emissivity) Coatings -- 6.6 Stratified Glass -- 6.7 Insulation-Filled Glazing -- 6.8 Smart Windows -- 6.9 Photochromic and Thermochromic Materials -- 6.10 Liquid Crystal Windows -- 6.11 Electrochromic Windows -- 6.12 Gasochromic Windows -- References -- Further Reading -- Websites -- 11 Transport of Light by Optical Fibers and Light Pipes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Guided Propagation -- 2.1 Optical Fibers -- 2.2 Lens Coupling for Optical Fibers -- 2.3 Source Coupling for the Fibers -- 2.4 Optical Fiber Attenuation -- 2.5 Lateral Emission Optical Fibers -- 3 Light Pipes and Light Guides -- 3.1 Light Pipes (Tubes) -- 3.2 Prism Light Guides -- References 4 Characteristics of Light Sources -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geometrical Characteristics -- 3 Luminaire -- 4 Photometric Center -- 5 Colorimetric and Photometric Characteristics -- 5.1 Luminous Flux and Intensity -- 6 Spectral Characteristics -- 6.1 Color -- 6.2 Color Temperature -- 6.3 Color Rendering Index -- Further Reading -- 5 Color Rendering of Light Sources -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Color Temperature -- 2.1 Choosing the Right Color Temperature -- 2.2 Color Rendering Index -- 3 Limitations of the Color Rendering Index -- 4 Other Parameters for the Color Rendering -- 4.1 Indices Based on Color Preference -- 4.2 Indices Based on Color Discrimination -- 5 Correlation Between the Color Rendering Index and Color Temperature -- 6 Chromaticity of Light and Visual Perception -- 7 Chromaticity of Light and Circadian Rhythm -- References -- 6 Halogen and Incandescence Lamps -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lamps for Illumination -- 3 Short Historical Context -- 4 Principles of Light Thermal Emission -- 5 Incandescent Lamps -- 5.1 Filament Bulbs Spectral Output -- 5.2 Main Components and Characteristics -- 5.3 Bulb Blackening and Failure Modes -- 6 Halogen Lamps -- 6.1 The Halogen Cycle -- 6.2 Main Constructive and Spectral Features -- 6.3 Reflector Elements -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Web Sites -- 7 Fluorescent Lamp and Discharge Lamp -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sources Definition -- 3 Fluorescent Lamps -- 4 Sodium Lamps -- 5 White Sodium Lamps -- 6 Mercury Lamps -- 7 Metal Halide Lamps -- Further Reading -- 8 LEDs and Use of White LED for Lighting -- 1 Introduction -- 2 How to Obtain White Light Using LED -- 2.1 Application Advantages and Drawbacks -- 3 Characteristics and Peculiarities---Application Advantages and Drawbacks -- 4 Principal Typologies -- 5 Current and Future LEDs -- 6 Main Applications in Indoor and Outdoor Architectural Light Design -- References 5 Collector Tests for the Lighting Device -- 5.1 Collection Efficiency and Image Size -- 5.2 Exposure to UV Rays and Atmospheric Agents -- 6 Lighting Level and Color for Museum Showcases -- 6.1 Fiber Selection and Tests -- 6.2 Illumination Color -- 6.3 Light Illuminance Level -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Physiological and Psychological Effect of Light -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biological Clock and Circadian Rhythm -- 2.1 Light Perception -- 2.2 Human Visual System -- 2.3 The Discovery of the New ``Third'' Photoreceptor -- 3 The Light in the Treatment of Disorders of the Biological Clock -- 3.1 Light Therapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder -- 3.2 Light Therapy for Jet Lag, Shift Work, and Sustained Attention Tasks -- 4 Light, Human Behavior, and Well-Being -- Reference -- Further Reading -- 16 Lighting Control Strategies and Energy Efficiency Benefits -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lighting Control Strategies -- 2.1 Manual Switching/Dimming -- 2.2 Time-Based Switching -- 2.3 Presence Detection -- 2.4 Daylight Harvesting -- 2.5 Constant Illuminance -- 2.6 Scene Setting -- 2.7 Visual Appearance Enhancement -- 3 Factors Affecting the Efficacy of the Control Strategy -- 4 Lighting Control System Commissioning -- 5 Lighting Control System Architectures -- 6 Lighting Control System Protocols -- 6.1 Analog Protocol -- 6.1.1 Specific for Lighting Systems -- 6.2 Digital Protocol -- 6.2.1 Communication System and Specific Protocol for Lighting Systems -- 6.2.2 Proprietary Systems and Protocols for Building Automation Systems -- 7 Calculation of the Energy Demand for Lighting: The EN 15193:2007 European Standard -- 7.1 Application Examples -- References -- 17 Renewable Energy Exploitation for Domestic Supply -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Renewable Energy Exploitation for Domestic Supply -- 3 Sun -- 3.1 Spectral Solar Irradiance -- 3.2 Sunlight Collection 3.3 Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTC) Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Radiometric and Photometric Quantities and Laws -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Radiometry -- 2.1 Radiant Energy, Radiant Flux -- 2.2 Radiant Intensity -- 2.3 Irradiance -- 2.4 Radiance -- 2.5 Spectral Quantities -- 2.5.1 Spectral Radiant Energy -- 2.5.2 Spectral Radiant Flux -- 2.6 Radiant Exitance -- 3 From Radiometry to Photometry: Eye Sensitivity -- 4 Photometry -- 4.1 Luminous Flux and Luminous Energy -- 4.2 Luminous Intensity -- 4.3 Illuminance -- 4.4 Luminance -- 4.5 Other Quantities -- 4.5.1 Luminous Emittance -- 4.6 Luminous Efficacy -- 4.7 Radiometric and Photometric Quantities in Brief -- 5 The Inverse Square Law -- 6 Point Source Approximation -- 7 Lambert's Cosine Law and Lambertian Surface -- Further Reading -- Websites -- 2 Colorimetric Quantities and Laws -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Colorimetry -- 2.1 Trichromatic Vision -- 2.2 The Laws of Color Matching -- 2.3 Tristimulus Theory -- 3 CIE 1931 Color Diagram -- 3.1 Color Attributes -- 3.2 Color Temperature -- 4 Limits of CIE 1931 Color Diagram -- 4.1 CIE 1976 Color Spaces -- 4.1.1 CIELAB -- 4.1.2 CIELUV 1976 -- Further Reading -- Websites -- 3 Photometric and Colorimetric Tests -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Luminous Flux Measurements -- 2.1 Integrating Spheres -- 2.2 Throughput of the Integrating Sphere -- 2.3 Sources Measurement with Integration Sphere -- 2.4 Practical Hints -- 2.5 The Reference Source -- 3 Goniophotometry: Luminous Intensity Measurements -- 3.1 The Coordinate Systems -- 3.2 Measurements on Luminaires -- 4 Luminous Efficiency: Reference Source and Flux Ratio with Luminaire -- 5 Possible Error Sources -- 6 Colorimetric Tests -- 6.1 Spectral Calculations -- 6.2 Tristimulus Method -- 6.3 Spectrophotometric Methods -- 6.4 CRI -- 7 Colorimetric and Photometric Tests on White LEDs -- 7.1 LED Color Dependence on the Temperature -- References -- Website Further Reading -- Websites -- 12 Light and Architecture: Innovative and Sustainable Design and Architecture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 3M Administration Offices, Pioltello, Italy -- 3 Renovation of the ``Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia'' National Automobile Museum, Turin, Italy -- 4 MyZeil, Frankfurt, Germany -- References -- Web Sites -- 13 Daylighting Systems for Sustainable Indoor Lighting -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Characteristics and Functions of Daylighting Systems -- 2.1 Lighting Functions -- 2.2 Thermal Functions -- 2.3 Acoustic Functions -- 2.4 IAQ Functions -- 2.5 Other Functions -- 3 Performance Parameters and Evaluation Criteria -- 3.1 Parameters Considered to Characterize the Performance of Daylighting Systems -- 3.2 Metrics to Describe the Environmental Performances of Daylighting Systems -- 4 Daylighting Systems: The Shading Component -- 4.1 Typologies of Shading Systems -- 4.1.1 Overhang -- 4.1.2 Light Shelf -- 4.1.3 Vertical Fins -- 4.1.4 Combined Shades (Shelves + Fins) -- 4.1.5 Brise--Soleil Systems -- 4.1.6 Blinds -- 4.1.7 Venetian Blinds -- 4.1.8 Transparent Brise--Soleil Systems -- 4.1.9 Photovoltaic Brise--Soleil Systems -- 4.1.10 Micro Sun Shielding Louvers -- 5 Basic and Advanced Approach for the Design of Shading Systems -- References -- Further Reading -- Websites -- 14 Museum Illumination by Sunlight: A Case Study Using PV Cells and Optical Fibers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sunlight Concentration on Small Surfaces -- 2.1 Concentrating Photovoltaics and Fiber-Coupled Systems -- 2.2 Collector Development for the Museum Lighting Device -- 3 Sun Tracking to Orient the Collectors -- 3.1 Solar Tracking Techniques -- 3.2 Sun Tracking in the Museum Lighting Device -- 4 Optical Device for Interior Museum Lighting -- 4.1 Plastic Components for the Museum Lighting Device -- 4.2 Requirements for Museum Illumination -- 4.3 The Museum Lighting Device |
| Title | Sustainable Indoor Lighting |
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