Child Access Prevention Firearm Laws and Firearm Fatalities Among Children Aged 0 to 14 Years, 1991-2016

Firearms caused more than 500 pediatric fatalities in 2017-a 50% increase from 2009. Laws regulating firearms are one approach to reducing pediatric firearm fatalities. To evaluate the association between state child access prevention (CAP) firearm laws and pediatric firearm fatalities. A state-leve...

Celý popis

Uložené v:
Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:JAMA pediatrics Ročník 174; číslo 5; s. 463
Hlavní autori: Azad, Hooman Alexander, Monuteaux, Michael C, Rees, Chris A, Siegel, Michael, Mannix, Rebekah, Lee, Lois K, Sheehan, Karen M, Fleegler, Eric W
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States 01.05.2020
Predmet:
ISSN:2168-6211, 2168-6211
On-line prístup:Zistit podrobnosti o prístupe
Tagy: Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
Abstract Firearms caused more than 500 pediatric fatalities in 2017-a 50% increase from 2009. Laws regulating firearms are one approach to reducing pediatric firearm fatalities. To evaluate the association between state child access prevention (CAP) firearm laws and pediatric firearm fatalities. A state-level, cross-sectional study of CAP firearm laws throughout the United States, 1991-2016, was conducted using negative binomial regression to analyze differences in state fatality rates in children aged 0 to 14 years. Data analysis was performed from November 21, 2018, to October 18, 2019. Implementation of 2 categories of state CAP firearm laws: recklessness laws, which pertain to providing a firearm to a child, and negligence laws, which pertain to accessibility of a firearm within the home. Rates of firearm fatalities across all intents and by specific intent (homicide, suicide, and unintentional) per 100 000 children aged 0 to 14 years. Twenty-five states passed CAP laws between 1989 and 2000. Between 1991 and 2016, 13 697 firearm fatalities occurred in children aged 0 to 14 years. Recklessness laws were not associated with changes in pediatric firearm fatality rates. Negligence laws overall were associated with significant reductions in firearm fatalities in children aged 0 to 14 years, with a 13% relative reduction in all firearm fatalities (95% CI, -18% to -7%), a 15% relative reduction in firearm homicides (95% CI, -22% to -7%), a 12% relative reduction in firearm suicides (95% CI, -20% to -2%), and a 13% relative reduction in unintentional firearm fatalities (95% CI, -24% to -1%). The most stringent negligence laws were associated with unintentional firearm fatality reductions of 59% (95% CI, -68% to -49%). A total of 3929 deaths (29% of all firearm deaths) were associated with states not having passed the most stringent form of negligence CAP laws. In this study, negligence laws were associated with relative reductions in firearm fatality rates in children aged 0 to 14 years. The most stringent negligence laws were associated with the largest reductions in unintentional firearm fatalities. Recklessness laws were not associated with reduced firearm fatality rates. The passage of negligence CAP laws may have the potential to reduce firearm fatalities in children.
AbstractList Firearms caused more than 500 pediatric fatalities in 2017-a 50% increase from 2009. Laws regulating firearms are one approach to reducing pediatric firearm fatalities. To evaluate the association between state child access prevention (CAP) firearm laws and pediatric firearm fatalities. A state-level, cross-sectional study of CAP firearm laws throughout the United States, 1991-2016, was conducted using negative binomial regression to analyze differences in state fatality rates in children aged 0 to 14 years. Data analysis was performed from November 21, 2018, to October 18, 2019. Implementation of 2 categories of state CAP firearm laws: recklessness laws, which pertain to providing a firearm to a child, and negligence laws, which pertain to accessibility of a firearm within the home. Rates of firearm fatalities across all intents and by specific intent (homicide, suicide, and unintentional) per 100 000 children aged 0 to 14 years. Twenty-five states passed CAP laws between 1989 and 2000. Between 1991 and 2016, 13 697 firearm fatalities occurred in children aged 0 to 14 years. Recklessness laws were not associated with changes in pediatric firearm fatality rates. Negligence laws overall were associated with significant reductions in firearm fatalities in children aged 0 to 14 years, with a 13% relative reduction in all firearm fatalities (95% CI, -18% to -7%), a 15% relative reduction in firearm homicides (95% CI, -22% to -7%), a 12% relative reduction in firearm suicides (95% CI, -20% to -2%), and a 13% relative reduction in unintentional firearm fatalities (95% CI, -24% to -1%). The most stringent negligence laws were associated with unintentional firearm fatality reductions of 59% (95% CI, -68% to -49%). A total of 3929 deaths (29% of all firearm deaths) were associated with states not having passed the most stringent form of negligence CAP laws. In this study, negligence laws were associated with relative reductions in firearm fatality rates in children aged 0 to 14 years. The most stringent negligence laws were associated with the largest reductions in unintentional firearm fatalities. Recklessness laws were not associated with reduced firearm fatality rates. The passage of negligence CAP laws may have the potential to reduce firearm fatalities in children.
Firearms caused more than 500 pediatric fatalities in 2017-a 50% increase from 2009. Laws regulating firearms are one approach to reducing pediatric firearm fatalities.ImportanceFirearms caused more than 500 pediatric fatalities in 2017-a 50% increase from 2009. Laws regulating firearms are one approach to reducing pediatric firearm fatalities.To evaluate the association between state child access prevention (CAP) firearm laws and pediatric firearm fatalities.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between state child access prevention (CAP) firearm laws and pediatric firearm fatalities.A state-level, cross-sectional study of CAP firearm laws throughout the United States, 1991-2016, was conducted using negative binomial regression to analyze differences in state fatality rates in children aged 0 to 14 years. Data analysis was performed from November 21, 2018, to October 18, 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA state-level, cross-sectional study of CAP firearm laws throughout the United States, 1991-2016, was conducted using negative binomial regression to analyze differences in state fatality rates in children aged 0 to 14 years. Data analysis was performed from November 21, 2018, to October 18, 2019.Implementation of 2 categories of state CAP firearm laws: recklessness laws, which pertain to providing a firearm to a child, and negligence laws, which pertain to accessibility of a firearm within the home.ExposuresImplementation of 2 categories of state CAP firearm laws: recklessness laws, which pertain to providing a firearm to a child, and negligence laws, which pertain to accessibility of a firearm within the home.Rates of firearm fatalities across all intents and by specific intent (homicide, suicide, and unintentional) per 100 000 children aged 0 to 14 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of firearm fatalities across all intents and by specific intent (homicide, suicide, and unintentional) per 100 000 children aged 0 to 14 years.Twenty-five states passed CAP laws between 1989 and 2000. Between 1991 and 2016, 13 697 firearm fatalities occurred in children aged 0 to 14 years. Recklessness laws were not associated with changes in pediatric firearm fatality rates. Negligence laws overall were associated with significant reductions in firearm fatalities in children aged 0 to 14 years, with a 13% relative reduction in all firearm fatalities (95% CI, -18% to -7%), a 15% relative reduction in firearm homicides (95% CI, -22% to -7%), a 12% relative reduction in firearm suicides (95% CI, -20% to -2%), and a 13% relative reduction in unintentional firearm fatalities (95% CI, -24% to -1%). The most stringent negligence laws were associated with unintentional firearm fatality reductions of 59% (95% CI, -68% to -49%). A total of 3929 deaths (29% of all firearm deaths) were associated with states not having passed the most stringent form of negligence CAP laws.ResultsTwenty-five states passed CAP laws between 1989 and 2000. Between 1991 and 2016, 13 697 firearm fatalities occurred in children aged 0 to 14 years. Recklessness laws were not associated with changes in pediatric firearm fatality rates. Negligence laws overall were associated with significant reductions in firearm fatalities in children aged 0 to 14 years, with a 13% relative reduction in all firearm fatalities (95% CI, -18% to -7%), a 15% relative reduction in firearm homicides (95% CI, -22% to -7%), a 12% relative reduction in firearm suicides (95% CI, -20% to -2%), and a 13% relative reduction in unintentional firearm fatalities (95% CI, -24% to -1%). The most stringent negligence laws were associated with unintentional firearm fatality reductions of 59% (95% CI, -68% to -49%). A total of 3929 deaths (29% of all firearm deaths) were associated with states not having passed the most stringent form of negligence CAP laws.In this study, negligence laws were associated with relative reductions in firearm fatality rates in children aged 0 to 14 years. The most stringent negligence laws were associated with the largest reductions in unintentional firearm fatalities. Recklessness laws were not associated with reduced firearm fatality rates. The passage of negligence CAP laws may have the potential to reduce firearm fatalities in children.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, negligence laws were associated with relative reductions in firearm fatality rates in children aged 0 to 14 years. The most stringent negligence laws were associated with the largest reductions in unintentional firearm fatalities. Recklessness laws were not associated with reduced firearm fatality rates. The passage of negligence CAP laws may have the potential to reduce firearm fatalities in children.
Author Siegel, Michael
Monuteaux, Michael C
Rees, Chris A
Fleegler, Eric W
Azad, Hooman Alexander
Sheehan, Karen M
Mannix, Rebekah
Lee, Lois K
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Hooman Alexander
  surname: Azad
  fullname: Azad, Hooman Alexander
  organization: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Michael C
  surname: Monuteaux
  fullname: Monuteaux, Michael C
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Chris A
  surname: Rees
  fullname: Rees, Chris A
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Siegel
  fullname: Siegel, Michael
  organization: Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Rebekah
  surname: Mannix
  fullname: Mannix, Rebekah
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Lois K
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Lois K
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Karen M
  surname: Sheehan
  fullname: Sheehan, Karen M
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Eric W
  surname: Fleegler
  fullname: Fleegler, Eric W
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32119063$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpNkE1LAzEQhoNUbK39C5KjB7fmYzebHJdiVSjoQQ-elnxM25TdbE22iv_eRas4lxkeHl5e5hyNQhcAIUzJnBJCb3a61XtwXvfR2zRnhKq5YKw8QRNGhcwEo3T07x6jWUo7MowkJOflGRrzASsi-ARtF1vfOFxZCynhpwjvEHrfBbz0EXRs8Up_JKyD-wNL3evG9x4SrtoubPB3QoSAqw04THDfYZrj10FO15gqRbOhorhAp2vdJJgd9xS9LG-fF_fZ6vHuYVGtMp2Lss9KRcBwYY0pSgeWFmXumIFiKCuJXlMyEF4YyYwVhZKMO2OYJkyUzErHJJuiq5_cfezeDpD6uvXJQtPoAN0h1YwLJRWnQgzq5VE9mBZcvY--1fGz_v0O-wK_xmmj
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jen_2023_08_013
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pec_2023_108062
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2024_067043O
crossref_primary_10_7326_M23_2251
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40621_021_00317_x
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2021_052739
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40621_022_00400_x
crossref_primary_10_1227_neu_0000000000002025
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2022_059648
crossref_primary_10_1136_wjps_2020_000223
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2020_042291
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amjmed_2020_08_022
crossref_primary_10_1097_PCC_0000000000002797
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sempedsurg_2023_151354
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2020_042697
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2024_0327
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_injury_2023_111167
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_acap_2022_05_011
crossref_primary_10_1097_SLA_0000000000005868
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2024_23996
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2023_065059
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2022_44221
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2020_3970
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10900_022_01163_8
crossref_primary_10_1111_acem_14252
crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1921965117
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2021_4822
crossref_primary_10_1136_injuryprev_2020_044051
crossref_primary_10_1542_hpeds_2023_007526
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ypmed_2023_107681
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaac_2020_12_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpedsurg_2021_08_021
crossref_primary_10_1097_CORR_0000000000003296
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaac_2020_08_442
crossref_primary_10_1111_jan_15310
crossref_primary_10_1177_1073110520979422
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40621_025_00587_9
crossref_primary_10_1093_milmed_usaf126
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sempedsurg_2025_151523
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpedsurg_2024_161996
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2025_13280
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2021_27965
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sempedsurg_2022_151221
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpedsurg_2021_09_011
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10896_022_00361_1
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2024_070424
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2024_066366
crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJMp2200169
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40621_023_00464_3
crossref_primary_10_2105_AJPH_2024_307836
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2024_5089
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcrimjus_2024_102244
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajem_2021_03_046
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40621_024_00543_z
crossref_primary_10_55275_JPOSNA_2023_683
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2022_4419
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jss_2022_08_034
crossref_primary_10_1542_hpeds_2022_007057
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pcl_2025_07_002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpeds_2024_114008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pcl_2023_07_003
crossref_primary_10_1111_acem_14318
crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kwae298
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2025_1363
crossref_primary_10_1177_10497315251329998
crossref_primary_10_1097_XCS_0000000000001298
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpedsurg_2024_162012
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jue_2021_103387
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2020_011957
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10900_022_01180_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_econlet_2025_112417
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2022_060070
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amepre_2025_04_005
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2024_4427
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnma_2020_12_005
crossref_primary_10_1093_ptj_pzad143
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_q1984
crossref_primary_10_1136_tsaco_2022_001014
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2022_060071
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13034_024_00818_9
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2023_063129
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hpopen_2024_100127
crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_2022_059532
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2020_3182
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2024_1428691
crossref_primary_10_55275_JPOSNA_2023_759
crossref_primary_10_1002_jhm_2735
crossref_primary_10_1089_neur_2023_0069
crossref_primary_10_3390_children10081359
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pcl_2022_09_002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chc_2025_05_012
crossref_primary_10_1097_XCS_0000000000001144
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40621_023_00438_5
ContentType Journal Article
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6227
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod no_fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 2168-6211
ExternalDocumentID 32119063
Genre Video-Audio Media
Journal Article
GeographicLocations United States
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United States
GroupedDBID 0R~
4.4
53G
AAWTL
ABJNI
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACPRK
ADBBV
AENEX
AFOSN
AFRAH
AHMBA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMJDE
ANMPU
BRYMA
C45
CGR
CUY
CVF
EBD
EBS
ECM
EIF
EMOBN
EX3
H13
HF~
NPM
OB4
OBH
OHH
OVD
PONUX
PQQKQ
RAJ
SV3
TEORI
WOW
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-a467t-790eb36cbb57dec1574d2be506380af1015735b82bc659823dbb2a02672c8d282
IEDL.DBID 7X8
ISICitedReferencesCount 96
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000534045900013&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2168-6211
IngestDate Thu Sep 04 19:25:59 EDT 2025
Thu Jan 02 22:56:18 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a467t-790eb36cbb57dec1574d2be506380af1015735b82bc659823dbb2a02672c8d282
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ObjectType-Undefined-3
OpenAccessLink https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/articlepdf/2761305/jamapediatrics_azad_2020_oi_190109.pdf
PMID 32119063
PQID 2369893166
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2369893166
pubmed_primary_32119063
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-05-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-05-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-05-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle JAMA pediatrics
PublicationTitleAlternate JAMA Pediatr
PublicationYear 2020
References 32119061 - JAMA Pediatr. 2020 May 1;174(5):411-412
References_xml – reference: 32119061 - JAMA Pediatr. 2020 May 1;174(5):411-412
SSID ssj0000800437
Score 2.6055274
Snippet Firearms caused more than 500 pediatric fatalities in 2017-a 50% increase from 2009. Laws regulating firearms are one approach to reducing pediatric firearm...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 463
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Firearms - legislation & jurisprudence
Homicide - prevention & control
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
State Government
Suicide - prevention & control
United States
Wounds, Gunshot - mortality
Wounds, Gunshot - prevention & control
Title Child Access Prevention Firearm Laws and Firearm Fatalities Among Children Aged 0 to 14 Years, 1991-2016
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32119063
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2369893166
Volume 174
WOSCitedRecordID wos000534045900013&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV05T8MwFLaAIsTCfZRLRmLEkNiJ40yoqogYaNUBpDJFvgIMJKUp8Pfxc5MyISGxZIgSybFfnr93-PsQuhBujw2YKEjqPCGJEhETSWNDCqoCGxpZhMx4sYlkOBTjcTpqEm5101bZ-kTvqE2lIUd-TRlIHbKQ85vJOwHVKKiuNhIay6jDHJQBq07GYpFjATQUedpMGnJBuAt2mmaelnho0uphAHN3mF5xSpPfsabfc7LN_452C200aBP35uaxjZZsuYPWBk09fRe9eGZj3POqibilc6pKnDlPKKdv-F5-1ViWZnEjg3SPZ2HFPdApwv3mNDjuPVuDAzyrcBjhJ_dwfYl9x5P7ZL6HHrPbh_4dabQXiHSuc0aSNHBhNtdKxYmxOoyTyFBlY0A4gVtBhyISFitBlebAAciMUlSCnBXVwrg4bh-tlFVpDxFO4aSXVCZQQREFVgqqteI6pQbCTSG66Lydw9zZNhQsZGmrjzr_mcUuOpgvRD6Zk3DkDKjp3GiO_vD2MVqnECb7PsUT1Cncn21P0ar-nL3W0zNvNO46HA2-AY94yOg
linkProvider ProQuest
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Child+Access+Prevention+Firearm+Laws+and+Firearm+Fatalities+Among+Children+Aged+0+to+14+Years%2C+1991-2016&rft.jtitle=JAMA+pediatrics&rft.au=Azad%2C+Hooman+Alexander&rft.au=Monuteaux%2C+Michael+C&rft.au=Rees%2C+Chris+A&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Michael&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.eissn=2168-6211&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=463&rft_id=info:doi/10.1001%2Fjamapediatrics.2019.6227&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32119063&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32119063&rft.externalDocID=32119063
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2168-6211&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2168-6211&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2168-6211&client=summon