Monitoring Galvanic Replacement Through Three-Dimensional Morphological and Chemical Mapping

Galvanic replacement reactions on metal nanoparticles are often used for the preparation of hollow nanostructures with tunable porosity and chemical composition, leading to tailored optical and catalytic properties. However, the precise interplay between the three-dimensional (3D) morphology and che...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nano letters Vol. 14; no. 6; pp. 3220 - 3226
Main Authors: Goris, Bart, Polavarapu, Lakshminarayana, Bals, Sara, Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf, Liz-Marzán, Luis M
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 11.06.2014
Subjects:
Chemical composition
Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties
Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties
Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology
Exact sciences and technology
Imaging
Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties
Mapping
Materials science
Morphology
Nanocrystalline materials
Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
Nanostructure
Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation
Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures
Physics
Silver
Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties)
Three dimensional
Transformations
Scanning electron microscopy
3D imaging
Nanostructures
Electron microscopy
Dispersive spectrometry
Nanoparticles
Nanometer scale
Transmission electron microscopy
Morphology
Optical properties
Chemical composition
Porosity
Nanostructured materials
ISSN:1530-6984, 1530-6992, 1530-6992
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Galvanic replacement reactions on metal nanoparticles are often used for the preparation of hollow nanostructures with tunable porosity and chemical composition, leading to tailored optical and catalytic properties. However, the precise interplay between the three-dimensional (3D) morphology and chemical composition of nanostructures during galvanic replacement is not always well understood as the 3D chemical imaging of nanoscale materials is still challenging. It is especially far from straightforward to obtain detailed information from the inside of hollow nanostructures using electron microscopy techniques such as SEM or TEM. We demonstrate here that a combination of state-of-the-art EDX mapping with electron tomography results in the unambiguous determination of both morphology transformation and elemental composition of nanostructures in 3D, during galvanic replacement of Ag nanocubes. This work provides direct and unambiguous experimental evidence toward understanding the galvanic replacement reaction. In addition, the powerful approach presented here can be applied to a wide range of nanoscale transformation processes, which will undoubtedly guide the development of novel nanostructures.
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ISSN:1530-6984
1530-6992
1530-6992
DOI:10.1021/nl500593j