Genetic diversity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 and H5N8 viruses in poultry markets in Guangdong, China, 2020-2022

Since 2016/2017, clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx viruses have spread via migratory birds to all continents except Oceania. Here, we evaluated the impact of the re-introduction of clade of 2.3.4.4b on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus genetic diversity in China. Twenty-two H5N6 and H5N8 HPAI isolate...

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Published in:Journal of virology Vol. 99; no. 1; p. e0114524
Main Authors: Yang, Kang, Nizami, Sarea, Hu, Shu, Zou, Lirong, Deng, Huishi, Xie, Jiamin, Guo, Qianfang, Edwards, Kimberly M., Dhanasekaran, Vijaykrishna, Yen, Hui-Ling, Wu, Jie
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Society for Microbiology 31.01.2025
Subjects:
Animals
China - epidemiology
clade 2.3.4.4
genetic diversity
Genetic Diversity and Evolution
Genetic Variation
highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Influenza A virus - classification
Influenza A virus - genetics
Influenza A virus - pathogenicity
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - genetics
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - pathogenicity
Influenza in Birds - epidemiology
Influenza in Birds - virology
Microbial Genetics
Phylogeny
Poultry - virology
Poultry Diseases - epidemiology
Poultry Diseases - virology
Reassortant Viruses - genetics
reassortment
surveillance
China
highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
genetic diversity
reassortment
clade 2.3.4.4
surveillance
ISSN:0022-538X, 1098-5514, 1098-5514
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Summary:Since 2016/2017, clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx viruses have spread via migratory birds to all continents except Oceania. Here, we evaluated the impact of the re-introduction of clade of 2.3.4.4b on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus genetic diversity in China. Twenty-two H5N6 and H5N8 HPAI isolated from monthly surveillance in two poultry markets in Guangdong between 2020 and 2022 were characterized. Our findings showed that clade 2.3.4.4h, detected in 2020, was replaced by clade 2.3.4.4b in 2021–2022. H5N6 ( n = 18) were clustered into more genotypes than H5N8 ( n = 4), suggesting that H5N6 may possess better replication fitness in poultry. Conversely, the H5N8 genotypes are largely derived from the clade 2.3.4.4b wild bird isolates. As clade 2.3.4.4b continues to spread via migratory birds, it is anticipated that the genetic diversity of H5N6 viruses circulating in China may continue to expand in the coming years. Continuous efforts in surveillance, genetic analysis, and risk assessment are therefore crucial for pandemic preparedness.
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The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Kang Yang and Sarea Nizami contributed equally to this article. Author order was determined by seniority.
ISSN:0022-538X
1098-5514
1098-5514
DOI:10.1128/jvi.01145-24