Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Impairment
Moderately elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a strong modifiable risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Prospectively, elevated tHcy is associated with cognitive decline, white matter damage, brain atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, and dementia. Most homocysteine-...
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| Published in: | Annual review of nutrition Vol. 36; pp. 211 - 239 |
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| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
17.07.2016
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| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1545-4312 |
| Online Access: | Get more information |
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| Abstract | Moderately elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a strong modifiable risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Prospectively, elevated tHcy is associated with cognitive decline, white matter damage, brain atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, and dementia. Most homocysteine-lowering trials with folate and vitamins B6 and/or B12 tested as protective agents against cognitive decline were poorly designed by including subjects unlikely to benefit during the trial period. In contrast, trials in high-risk subjects, which have taken into account the baseline B vitamin status, show a slowing of cognitive decline and of atrophy in critical brain regions, results that are consistent with modification of the Alzheimer's disease process. Homocysteine may interact with both risk factors and protective factors, thereby identifying people at risk but also providing potential strategies for early intervention. Public health steps to slow cognitive decline should be promoted in individuals who are at risk of dementia, and more trials are needed to see if simple interventions with nutrients can prevent progression to dementia. |
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| AbstractList | Moderately elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a strong modifiable risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Prospectively, elevated tHcy is associated with cognitive decline, white matter damage, brain atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, and dementia. Most homocysteine-lowering trials with folate and vitamins B6 and/or B12 tested as protective agents against cognitive decline were poorly designed by including subjects unlikely to benefit during the trial period. In contrast, trials in high-risk subjects, which have taken into account the baseline B vitamin status, show a slowing of cognitive decline and of atrophy in critical brain regions, results that are consistent with modification of the Alzheimer's disease process. Homocysteine may interact with both risk factors and protective factors, thereby identifying people at risk but also providing potential strategies for early intervention. Public health steps to slow cognitive decline should be promoted in individuals who are at risk of dementia, and more trials are needed to see if simple interventions with nutrients can prevent progression to dementia. |
| Author | Smith, A David Refsum, Helga |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: A David surname: Smith fullname: Smith, A David email: david.smith@pharm.ox.ac.uk organization: OPTIMA, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom; email: david.smith@pharm.ox.ac.uk – sequence: 2 givenname: Helga surname: Refsum fullname: Refsum, Helga email: david.smith@pharm.ox.ac.uk, helga.refsum@medisin.uio.no organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; email: helga.refsum@medisin.uio.no |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27431367$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| PublicationTitle | Annual review of nutrition |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Annu Rev Nutr |
| PublicationYear | 2016 |
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| Snippet | Moderately elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a strong modifiable risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Prospectively, elevated... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aging Animals Biomarkers Cerebrovascular Circulation Cognition Disorders - epidemiology Cognition Disorders - etiology Cognition Disorders - prevention & control Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology Cognitive Dysfunction - etiology Cognitive Dysfunction - prevention & control Dietary Supplements - adverse effects Evidence-Based Medicine Folic Acid - adverse effects Folic Acid - metabolism Folic Acid - therapeutic use Homocysteine - blood Homocysteine - metabolism Humans Hyperhomocysteinemia - diet therapy Hyperhomocysteinemia - epidemiology Hyperhomocysteinemia - metabolism Hyperhomocysteinemia - physiopathology Neurodegenerative Diseases - epidemiology Neurodegenerative Diseases - etiology Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology Neurodegenerative Diseases - prevention & control Nootropic Agents - adverse effects Nootropic Agents - metabolism Nootropic Agents - therapeutic use Nutritional Status Practice Guidelines as Topic Risk Factors Vitamin B 12 - adverse effects Vitamin B 12 - metabolism Vitamin B 12 - therapeutic use Vitamin B 6 - adverse effects Vitamin B 6 - metabolism Vitamin B 6 - therapeutic use |
| Title | Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Impairment |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27431367 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1805766842 |
| Volume | 36 |
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