Civil protection preparedness and response to the 2007 eruptive crisis of Stromboli volcano, Italy
Stromboli, one of the very few tourist volcanic islands in the world in permanent state of activity, has been the site of two important volcanic crises coupled with slope failure episodes in 2002–2003 and 2007. Due to the lucky circumstance that both crises have occurred in winter, the actual conseq...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of volcanology and geothermal research Jg. 182; H. 3; S. 269 - 277 |
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Elsevier B.V
10.05.2009
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| Abstract | Stromboli, one of the very few tourist volcanic islands in the world in permanent state of activity, has been the site of two important volcanic crises coupled with slope failure episodes in 2002–2003 and 2007. Due to the lucky circumstance that both crises have occurred in winter, the actual consequences on people were moderate. Nevertheless, the first crisis caused a few injuries, threatened the local population and caused relevant economic losses. The emotional impact on public opinion of the 30th December 2002 tsunami acted, in particular, as a trigger for civil protection initiatives aimed at structurally improving the standard volcano safety and preparedness measures to effectively deal with future crises. The main initiatives carried out during the 2003 crisis consisted in the setting up of: 1) new geophysical and geochemical volcano surveillance networks and 2) a local, permanent scientific/civil protection structure (COA, Centro Operativo Avanzato), where signals from volcano monitoring are visualized in real time and eventually used by the personnel of the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) for immediate activation of response procedures. This was followed by the setting up, in 2005, at the (DPC) in Rome, of a centre named “Centro Funzionale Centrale Rischio Vulcanico” (CFCRV), where the most relevant monitoring signals of Italian active volcanoes are visualized in real time and where activities of simple elaboration, for hazard assessment purpose are daily carried out and data sharing within the scientific community is coordinated by civil protection personnel with training in volcanic problems.
The response effectiveness of the new system was tested on February–March 2007 when a new volcanic crisis occurred. An internal DPC “state of attention” was declared by the CF 15 days before the eruption onset when seismic and deformation parameters showed an abrupt increase up to values much higher than background. On February 27th the sudden onset of explosive activity outside the main craters and the occurrence of a small landslide down slope of the active craters were detected in real time on the screens of the CFCRV and by monitoring centres of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and University of Florence (UNIFI). This enabled the DPC to immediately activate emergency crisis procedures and start a coordinated management of the crisis between civil protection personnel in Rome and COA. As accelerating slope movements were detected by ground deformation monitoring of UNIFI, a tsunami warning was launched shortly afterward. Warnings were also declared on 8th March and 15th March when slope movements resumed and a large explosion at the central craters occurred, respectively. From the end of February to May 2007 a scientific committee named “Scientific Synthesis Group” (SSG), appointed by the DPC, made daily evaluations of impending hazards in cooperation with CFCRV. During the crisis the DPC coordinated information activities with the media and island residents. The successful managing of the crisis consisted in minimizing risk for people and meanwhile facilitating normal activities and regular access to island. |
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| AbstractList | Stromboli, one of the very few tourist volcanic islands in the world in permanent state of activity, has been the site of two important volcanic crises coupled with slope failure episodes in 2002–2003 and 2007. Due to the lucky circumstance that both crises have occurred in winter, the actual consequences on people were moderate. Nevertheless, the first crisis caused a few injuries, threatened the local population and caused relevant economic losses. The emotional impact on public opinion of the 30th December 2002 tsunami acted, in particular, as a trigger for civil protection initiatives aimed at structurally improving the standard volcano safety and preparedness measures to effectively deal with future crises. The main initiatives carried out during the 2003 crisis consisted in the setting up of: 1) new geophysical and geochemical volcano surveillance networks and 2) a local, permanent scientific/civil protection structure (COA, Centro Operativo Avanzato), where signals from volcano monitoring are visualized in real time and eventually used by the personnel of the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) for immediate activation of response procedures. This was followed by the setting up, in 2005, at the (DPC) in Rome, of a centre named “Centro Funzionale Centrale Rischio Vulcanico” (CFCRV), where the most relevant monitoring signals of Italian active volcanoes are visualized in real time and where activities of simple elaboration, for hazard assessment purpose are daily carried out and data sharing within the scientific community is coordinated by civil protection personnel with training in volcanic problems.
The response effectiveness of the new system was tested on February–March 2007 when a new volcanic crisis occurred. An internal DPC “state of attention” was declared by the CF 15 days before the eruption onset when seismic and deformation parameters showed an abrupt increase up to values much higher than background. On February 27th the sudden onset of explosive activity outside the main craters and the occurrence of a small landslide down slope of the active craters were detected in real time on the screens of the CFCRV and by monitoring centres of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and University of Florence (UNIFI). This enabled the DPC to immediately activate emergency crisis procedures and start a coordinated management of the crisis between civil protection personnel in Rome and COA. As accelerating slope movements were detected by ground deformation monitoring of UNIFI, a tsunami warning was launched shortly afterward. Warnings were also declared on 8th March and 15th March when slope movements resumed and a large explosion at the central craters occurred, respectively. From the end of February to May 2007 a scientific committee named “Scientific Synthesis Group” (SSG), appointed by the DPC, made daily evaluations of impending hazards in cooperation with CFCRV. During the crisis the DPC coordinated information activities with the media and island residents. The successful managing of the crisis consisted in minimizing risk for people and meanwhile facilitating normal activities and regular access to island. Stromboli, one of the very few tourist volcanic islands in the world in permanent state of activity, has been the site of two important volcanic crises coupled with slope failure episodes in 2002-2003 and 2007. Due to the lucky circumstance that both crises have occurred in winter, the actual consequences on people were moderate. Nevertheless, the first crisis caused a few injuries, threatened the local population and caused relevant economic losses. The emotional impact on public opinion of the 30th December 2002 tsunami acted, in particular, as a trigger for civil protection initiatives aimed at structurally improving the standard volcano safety and preparedness measures to effectively deal with future crises. The main initiatives carried out during the 2003 crisis consisted in the setting up of: 1) new geophysical and geochemical volcano surveillance networks and 2) a local, permanent scientific/civil protection structure (COA, Centro Operativo Avanzato), where signals from volcano monitoring are visualized in real time and eventually used by the personnel of the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) for immediate activation of response procedures. This was followed by the setting up, in 2005, at the (DPC) in Rome, of a centre named "Centro Funzionale Centrale Rischio Vulcanico" (CFCRV), where the most relevant monitoring signals of Italian active volcanoes are visualized in real time and where activities of simple elaboration, for hazard assessment purpose are daily carried out and data sharing within the scientific community is coordinated by civil protection personnel with training in volcanic problems. The response effectiveness of the new system was tested on February-March 2007 when a new volcanic crisis occurred. An internal DPC "state of attention" was declared by the CF 15 days before the eruption onset when seismic and deformation parameters showed an abrupt increase up to values much higher than background. On February 27th the sudden onset of explosive activity outside the main craters and the occurrence of a small landslide down slope of the active craters were detected in real time on the screens of the CFCRV and by monitoring centres of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and University of Florence (UNIFI). This enabled the DPC to immediately activate emergency crisis procedures and start a coordinated management of the crisis between civil protection personnel in Rome and COA. As accelerating slope movements were detected by ground deformation monitoring of UNIFI, a tsunami warning was launched shortly afterward. Warnings were also declared on 8th March and 15th March when slope movements resumed and a large explosion at the central craters occurred, respectively. From the end of February to May 2007 a scientific committee named "Scientific Synthesis Group" (SSG), appointed by the DPC, made daily evaluations of impending hazards in cooperation with CFCRV. During the crisis the DPC coordinated information activities with the media and island residents. The successful managing of the crisis consisted in minimizing risk for people and meanwhile facilitating normal activities and regular access to island. |
| Author | Soddu, P. Cristiani, C. De Bernardinis, B. Cardaci, C. Bertolaso, G. Bosi, V. Colozza, R. Rosi, M. Scalzo, A. Ciolli, S. Mangione, D. Ricciardi, A. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.5194/nhess-3-299-2003 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00138-9 10.1007/BF03395970 10.1007/s004450100129 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.09.019 |
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| References_xml | – volume: 63 start-page: 112 year: 2000 end-page: 125 ident: bib8 article-title: Multiple sector collapses at Stromboli volcano, Italy: how they work publication-title: Bull. Volcanol. – volume: 3 start-page: 299 year: 2003 end-page: 309 ident: bib10 article-title: Tsunami generation in Stromboli Island and impact on the south-east Tyrrhenian coasts publication-title: Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. – volume: 182 start-page: 123 year: 2009 end-page: 130 ident: bib2 article-title: Chronology of the 2007 eruption of Stromboli and the activity of the Scientific Synthesis Group publication-title: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. – volume: 28 start-page: 89 year: 1919 end-page: 94 ident: bib6 article-title: La catastrofica esplosione dello Stromboli publication-title: R. Accad. Naz. Lincei – reference: Giacomelli, L., Scandone, R., 2007. Vulcani d'Italia, Ed. Liguori, 320 pp., Napoli. – volume: 9 start-page: 141 year: 1978 end-page: 156 ident: bib5 article-title: Rischio vulcanico e sorveglianza nei Campi Flegrei e nell'isola di Stromboli publication-title: Boll. Serv. Geol. Ital. – volume: 58 start-page: 239 year: 1996 end-page: 245 ident: bib3 article-title: The Secche di Lazzaro pyroclastics of Stromboli volcano: a phreatomagmatic eruption related to the Sciara del Fuoco sector collapse publication-title: Bull. Volcanol. – volume: 96 start-page: 103 year: 2000 end-page: 128 ident: bib9 article-title: Computer simulation of tsunamis due to sctor collapse at Stromboli, Italy publication-title: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. – volume: 3 start-page: 173 year: 1993 end-page: 187 ident: bib1 article-title: Volcanic hazard assessment at Stromboli volcano based on review of historical data publication-title: Acta Vulcanol. – volume: 14 start-page: 47 year: 1931 end-page: 77 ident: bib7 article-title: Der Ausbruch des Stromboliam 11 September 1930 publication-title: Zeits. Vulkanol – volume: 3 start-page: 299 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib10 article-title: Tsunami generation in Stromboli Island and impact on the south-east Tyrrhenian coasts publication-title: Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. doi: 10.5194/nhess-3-299-2003 – volume: 28 start-page: 89 year: 1919 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib6 article-title: La catastrofica esplosione dello Stromboli publication-title: R. Accad. Naz. Lincei – volume: 96 start-page: 103 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib9 article-title: Computer simulation of tsunamis due to sctor collapse at Stromboli, Italy publication-title: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00138-9 – ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib4 – volume: 58 start-page: 239 issue: 2/3 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib3 article-title: The Secche di Lazzaro pyroclastics of Stromboli volcano: a phreatomagmatic eruption related to the Sciara del Fuoco sector collapse publication-title: Bull. Volcanol. doi: 10.1007/BF03395970 – volume: 63 start-page: 112 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib8 article-title: Multiple sector collapses at Stromboli volcano, Italy: how they work publication-title: Bull. Volcanol. doi: 10.1007/s004450100129 – volume: 182 start-page: 123 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib2 article-title: Chronology of the 2007 eruption of Stromboli and the activity of the Scientific Synthesis Group publication-title: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.09.019 – volume: 9 start-page: 141 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib5 article-title: Rischio vulcanico e sorveglianza nei Campi Flegrei e nell'isola di Stromboli publication-title: Boll. Serv. Geol. Ital. – volume: 14 start-page: 47 year: 1931 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib7 article-title: Der Ausbruch des Stromboliam 11 September 1930 publication-title: Zeits. Vulkanol – volume: 3 start-page: 173 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022_bib1 article-title: Volcanic hazard assessment at Stromboli volcano based on review of historical data publication-title: Acta Vulcanol. |
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