Rock strength and structural controls on fluvial erodibility: Implications for drainage divide mobility in a collisional mountain belt

•We estimate rock strength, erodibility and drainage divide mobility in the High Atlas Mountains.•The weakest rock-type in the High Atlas is up to two orders of magnitude more erodible than the strongest.•In gently deformed horizontal strata of the sedimentary cover the drainage divide is mobile.•Fa...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Earth and planetary science letters Jg. 538; S. 116221
Hauptverfasser: Zondervan, Jesse R., Stokes, Martin, Boulton, Sarah J., Telfer, Matt W., Mather, Anne E.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Elsevier B.V 15.05.2020
Schlagworte:
ISSN:0012-821X, 1385-013X
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract •We estimate rock strength, erodibility and drainage divide mobility in the High Atlas Mountains.•The weakest rock-type in the High Atlas is up to two orders of magnitude more erodible than the strongest.•In gently deformed horizontal strata of the sedimentary cover the drainage divide is mobile.•Faulted and folded metamorphic sedimentary bedrock coincide with a stable drainage divide.•Exhumation of crystalline basement forces the drainage divide into the centre of exposed basement. Numerical model simulations and experiments have suggested that when migration of the main drainage divide occurs in a mountain belt, it can lead to the rearrangement of river catchments, rejuvenation of topography, and changes in erosion rates and sediment flux. We assess the progressive mobility of the drainage divide in three lithologically and structurally distinct groups of bedrock in the High Atlas (NW Africa). The geological age of bedrock and its associated tectonic architecture in the mountain belt increases from east to west in the study area, allowing us to track both variations in rock strength and structural configuration which influence drainage mobility during erosion through an exhuming mountain belt. Collection of field derived measurements of rock strength using a Schmidt hammer and computer based extraction of river channel steepness permit estimations of contrasts in fluvial erodibilities of rock types. The resulting difference in fluvial erodibility between the weakest and the strongest lithological unit is up to two orders of magnitude. Published evidence of geomorphic mobility of the drainage divide indicates that such a range in erodibilities in horizontal stratigraphy of the sedimentary cover may lead to changes in erosion rates as rivers erode through strata, leading to drainage divide migration. In contrast, we show that the faulted and folded metamorphic sedimentary rocks in the centre of the mountain belt coincide with a stable drainage divide. Finally, where the strong igneous rocks of the crystalline basement are exposed after erosion of the covering meta-sediments, there is a decrease in fluvial erodibility of up to a factor of three, where the drainage divide is mobile towards the centre of the exposed crystalline basement. The mobility of the drainage divide in response to erosion through rock-types and their structural configuration in a mountain belt has implications for the perception of autogenic dynamism of drainage networks and fluvial erosion in mountain belts, and the interpretation of the geomorphology and downstream stratigraphy.
AbstractList •We estimate rock strength, erodibility and drainage divide mobility in the High Atlas Mountains.•The weakest rock-type in the High Atlas is up to two orders of magnitude more erodible than the strongest.•In gently deformed horizontal strata of the sedimentary cover the drainage divide is mobile.•Faulted and folded metamorphic sedimentary bedrock coincide with a stable drainage divide.•Exhumation of crystalline basement forces the drainage divide into the centre of exposed basement. Numerical model simulations and experiments have suggested that when migration of the main drainage divide occurs in a mountain belt, it can lead to the rearrangement of river catchments, rejuvenation of topography, and changes in erosion rates and sediment flux. We assess the progressive mobility of the drainage divide in three lithologically and structurally distinct groups of bedrock in the High Atlas (NW Africa). The geological age of bedrock and its associated tectonic architecture in the mountain belt increases from east to west in the study area, allowing us to track both variations in rock strength and structural configuration which influence drainage mobility during erosion through an exhuming mountain belt. Collection of field derived measurements of rock strength using a Schmidt hammer and computer based extraction of river channel steepness permit estimations of contrasts in fluvial erodibilities of rock types. The resulting difference in fluvial erodibility between the weakest and the strongest lithological unit is up to two orders of magnitude. Published evidence of geomorphic mobility of the drainage divide indicates that such a range in erodibilities in horizontal stratigraphy of the sedimentary cover may lead to changes in erosion rates as rivers erode through strata, leading to drainage divide migration. In contrast, we show that the faulted and folded metamorphic sedimentary rocks in the centre of the mountain belt coincide with a stable drainage divide. Finally, where the strong igneous rocks of the crystalline basement are exposed after erosion of the covering meta-sediments, there is a decrease in fluvial erodibility of up to a factor of three, where the drainage divide is mobile towards the centre of the exposed crystalline basement. The mobility of the drainage divide in response to erosion through rock-types and their structural configuration in a mountain belt has implications for the perception of autogenic dynamism of drainage networks and fluvial erosion in mountain belts, and the interpretation of the geomorphology and downstream stratigraphy.
ArticleNumber 116221
Author Stokes, Martin
Boulton, Sarah J.
Telfer, Matt W.
Mather, Anne E.
Zondervan, Jesse R.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jesse R.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7862-3879
  surname: Zondervan
  fullname: Zondervan, Jesse R.
  email: jesse.zondervan@plymouth.ac.uk
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Martin
  surname: Stokes
  fullname: Stokes, Martin
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Sarah J.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8251-0025
  surname: Boulton
  fullname: Boulton, Sarah J.
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Matt W.
  surname: Telfer
  fullname: Telfer, Matt W.
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Anne E.
  surname: Mather
  fullname: Mather, Anne E.
BookMark eNp9kM1qWzEQhUVJoM7PC2SlF7juSNdX1i3dlNCmgUAgtJCd0JXmpuPKkpFkQ16gz1257qqLrIYZznc4cy7YWUwRGbsRsBQg1IfNEnclLCXIdhBKSvGOLUSvhw5E_3zGFgBCdlqK5_fsopQNAKhBjQv2-ym5X7zUjPGl_uQ2-uOyd3WfbeAuxZpTKDxFPof9gdoNc_I0UaD6-pHfb3eBnK2UYuFzytxnS9G-IPd0II98m05STpHb5hcClSZuPtu0j7WJ-YShXrHz2YaC1__mJfvx9cv322_dw-Pd_e3nh86u-r526AdAu4YB9bTWA46jGnQ_KQ2T1tL6qR9HsVYSAIdh7lfSISg9-hHELFag-kumT74up1IyzsZR_Ru_tuDBCDDHPs3GHPs0xz7Nqc-Gyv_QXaatza9vQ59OELanDoTZFEcYHXrK6Krxid7C_wDGdZQC
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_earscirev_2022_104165
crossref_primary_10_1029_2023GL105710
crossref_primary_10_1111_bre_12727
crossref_primary_10_1002_esp_5559
crossref_primary_10_1029_2024JF008018
crossref_primary_10_1029_2024JF007636
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41561_023_01238_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sedgeo_2021_106023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2022_108266
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2025_109637
crossref_primary_10_5194_esurf_12_1391_2024
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2021_108020
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2022_108384
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2024_109513
crossref_primary_10_3390_min11090933
crossref_primary_10_5194_esurf_10_1195_2022
crossref_primary_10_5194_esurf_9_723_2021
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12517_021_07126_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2022_108303
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs14205227
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gloplacha_2020_103375
crossref_primary_10_3390_app10217647
crossref_primary_10_1002_esp_5821
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2021_107847
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2023_108811
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsl_2022_117788
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2021_107807
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2024_109483
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tecto_2023_229720
crossref_primary_10_1029_2020GL092210
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2022_108396
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2023_108810
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catena_2025_109244
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2023_108974
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2023_109029
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00531_023_02348_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2022_108478
crossref_primary_10_1029_2025GL115420
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11069_023_06330_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2022_108554
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2023_108894
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2023_108893
crossref_primary_10_1029_2024TC008519
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2022_108449
crossref_primary_10_1002_esp_5778
crossref_primary_10_1002_esp_5892
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsames_2020_102931
crossref_primary_10_1111_bre_12901
crossref_primary_10_1029_2021TC006957
crossref_primary_10_3390_app13127109
crossref_primary_10_5194_esurf_12_433_2024
crossref_primary_10_5194_esurf_13_745_2025
crossref_primary_10_1029_2024JF007701
crossref_primary_10_5194_esurf_9_167_2021
crossref_primary_10_1029_2023JF007201
crossref_primary_10_1002_esp_70084
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2021_107670
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2022_108123
crossref_primary_10_1029_2021JF006511
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2025_109658
crossref_primary_10_1111_bre_12592
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2023_108765
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs12233899
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2024_109410
crossref_primary_10_1111_bre_12875
crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2408426122
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_earscirev_2023_104316
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsl_2025_119364
crossref_primary_10_1038_s43017_023_00511_z
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs15030729
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs15102583
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_earscirev_2021_103717
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2021_108071
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2023_108634
crossref_primary_10_1029_2021JF006147
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.01.009
10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1087:SARSCO>2.0.CO;2
10.1002/esp.3579
10.1002/esp.3462
10.1073/pnas.1415443112
10.1177/0309133306071954
10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00004-6
10.1002/esp.3290110106
10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.08.005
10.1002/2014JF003281
10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.12.002
10.5194/esurf-7-87-2019
10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.01.015
10.1002/2015JF003771
10.1002/2016JF004101
10.1126/science.1248765
10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.042
10.1130/GES01121.1
10.1016/j.epsl.2019.04.034
10.5194/esurf-2-1-2014
10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.032
10.1016/j.epsl.2017.07.010
10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00032-6
10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80131-3
10.2475/ajs.301.4-5.455
10.1002/jgrf.20113
10.1029/98JB02139
10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.04.017
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.026
10.1029/2011TC003015
10.1002/esp.3947
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.029
10.1002/esp.3302
10.1038/ncomms8963
10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00028-X
10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.01.016
10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00794.x
10.1002/2013WR015167
10.1029/1999JB900120
10.5194/esurf-5-85-2017
10.1144/SP440.15
10.1029/2002TC001460
10.1038/ngeo666
10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.03.002
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020 Elsevier B.V.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Geology
Physics
EISSN 1385-013X
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_epsl_2020_116221
S0012821X20301643
GroupedDBID --K
--M
-DZ
-~X
.~1
0R~
1B1
1~.
1~5
4.4
457
4G.
5GY
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
9JN
AABNK
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAXUO
ABFNM
ABLJU
ABMAC
ABQEM
ABQYD
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACLVX
ACRLP
ACSBN
ADBBV
ADEZE
AEBSH
AEKER
AENEX
AFKWA
AFTJW
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHHHB
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJOXV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
ATOGT
AXJTR
BKOJK
BLXMC
CS3
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F5P
FDB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
GBLVA
HMA
IHE
IMUCA
J1W
KOM
LY3
LZ4
M41
MO0
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
Q38
ROL
RPZ
SCC
SDF
SDG
SDP
SES
SHN
SPC
SPCBC
SSE
SSZ
T5K
TN5
WH7
XSW
ZMT
~02
~G-
1RT
29G
9DU
AAQXK
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABJNI
ABUFD
ABWVN
ABXDB
ACLOT
ACRPL
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADIYS
ADMUD
ADNMO
ADXHL
AEIPS
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AGQPQ
AI.
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ANKPU
APXCP
ASPBG
AVWKF
AZFZN
CITATION
EFKBS
EJD
FEDTE
FGOYB
G-2
HME
HVGLF
HZ~
H~9
LPU
OHT
R2-
SEP
SEW
VH1
VJK
VOH
WUQ
XOL
ZKB
ZY4
~HD
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-a433t-ed50ea705e8b785e996583b680b882adb399176200e55f342ce0689d901f14063
ISICitedReferencesCount 82
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000525394900012&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0012-821X
IngestDate Sat Nov 29 07:30:34 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:47:16 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:50:26 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords High Atlas
rock strength
collisional mountain belt
erodibility
drainage divide
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a433t-ed50ea705e8b785e996583b680b882adb399176200e55f342ce0689d901f14063
ORCID 0000-0002-8251-0025
0000-0002-7862-3879
OpenAccessLink https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X20301643
ParticipantIDs crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_epsl_2020_116221
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsl_2020_116221
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_epsl_2020_116221
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-05-15
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-05-15
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-05-15
  day: 15
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Earth and planetary science letters
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
References Katz, Reches, Roegiers (br0290) 2000; 37
Strong, Attal, Mudd, Sinclair (br0430) 2019; 330
Willett, McCoy, Perron, Goren, Chen (br0470) 2014; 343
Boulton, VanDeVelde, Grimes (br0110) 2019; 383
Goudie (br0240) 2006; 30
Errarhaoui, K., 1998. Structure du haut-atlas: plis et chevauchements du socle et de couverture (interpretations des donnees geophysiques et geologiques), p. 326.
Kahraman, Fener, Gunaydin (br0260) 2002; 39
Stock, Montgomery (br0410) 1999; 104
Schanz, Montgomery (br0380) 2016; 258
Lague (br0300) 2014; 39
Baynes, Attal, Niedermann, Kirstein, Dugmore, Naylor (br0050) 2015; 112
Boulton, Stokes (br0090) 2018; 310
Nazir, Momeni, Armaghani, Amin (br0320) 2013; 18
Gallen (br0200) 2018; 493
Bernard, Sinclair, Gailleton, Mudd, Ford (br0070) 2019; 518
Clubb, Mudd, Milodowski, Hurst, Slater (br0140) 2014; 50
Whipple, Tucker (br0460) 1999; 104
Brocard, van der Beek (br0120) 2006; vol. 398
Perne, Covington, Thaler, Myre (br0330) 2017; 5
Allen, Barnes, Pavelsky, Kirby (br0010) 2013; 118
Willett, Slingerland, Hovius (br0480) 2001; 301
Schwanghart, Scherler (br0390) 2014; 2
Yanites, Becker, Madritsch, Schnellmann, Ehlers (br0500) 2017; 122
Forte, Whipple, Cowgill (br0180) 2015; 11
Boulton, Stokes, Mather (br0100) 2014; 633
Roy, Koons, Upton, Tucker (br0360) 2015; 120
Pye, Goudie, Watson (br0350) 1986; 11
Babault, Van Den Driessche, Teixell (br0040) 2012; 31
Gokceoglu, Aksoy (br0220) 2000; 58
Forte, Whipple (br0170) 2019; 7
Perron, Royden (br0340) 2013; 38
Bonnet (br0080) 2009; 2
Beeson, McCoy, Keen-Zebert (br0060) 2017; 475
Saadi, Hilali, Bensaid, Boudda, Dahmani (br0370) 1985
Giachetta, Refice, Capolongo, Gasparini, Pazzaglia (br0210) 2014; 39
Goktan, Gunes (br0230) 2005; 42
Babault, Teixell, Arboleya, Charroud (br0030) 2008; 20
Forte, Whipple (br0160) 2018; 493
Teixell, Arboleya, Julivert, Charroud (br0440) 2003; 22
Thaler, Covington (br0450) 2016; 121
Kahraman, Fener, Kozman (br0270) 2012; 112
Wobus, Whipple, Kirby, Snyder, Johnson, Spyropolou, Crosby, Sheehan (br0490) 2006; 398
Anton, Mather, Stokes, Munoz-Martin, De Vicente (br0020) 2015; 6
Forte, Yanites, Whipple (br0190) 2016; 41
Mather, Stokes (br0310) 2018; 440
Bursztyn, Pederson, Tressler, Mackley, Mitchell (br0130) 2015; 429
Stokes, Mather, Belfoul, Faik, Bouzid, Geach, Cunha, Boulton, Thiel (br0420) 2017; 166
Sklar, Dietrich (br0400) 2001; 29
Hughes, Gibbard, Woodward (br0250) 2004
Karakus, Kumral, Kilic (br0280) 2005; 42
Giachetta (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0210) 2014; 39
Kahraman (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0270) 2012; 112
Thaler (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0450) 2016; 121
Perron (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0340) 2013; 38
Beeson (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0060) 2017; 475
10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0150
Roy (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0360) 2015; 120
Yanites (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0500) 2017; 122
Forte (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0180) 2015; 11
Goktan (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0230) 2005; 42
Wobus (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0490) 2006; 398
Bursztyn (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0130) 2015; 429
Teixell (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0440) 2003; 22
Saadi (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0370) 1985
Nazir (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0320) 2013; 18
Allen (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0010) 2013; 118
Schwanghart (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0390) 2014; 2
Willett (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0480) 2001; 301
Stokes (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0420) 2017; 166
Babault (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0030) 2008; 20
Kahraman (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0260) 2002; 39
Sklar (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0400) 2001; 29
Strong (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0430) 2019; 330
Hughes (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0250) 2004
Forte (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0160) 2018; 493
Baynes (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0050) 2015; 112
Mather (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0310) 2018; 440
Schanz (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0380) 2016; 258
Boulton (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0110) 2019; 383
Willett (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0470) 2014; 343
Babault (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0040) 2012; 31
Boulton (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0090) 2018; 310
Pye (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0350) 1986; 11
Clubb (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0140) 2014; 50
Bernard (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0070) 2019; 518
Brocard (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0120) 2006; vol. 398
Forte (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0190) 2016; 41
Gallen (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0200) 2018; 493
Karakus (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0280) 2005; 42
Lague (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0300) 2014; 39
Bonnet (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0080) 2009; 2
Katz (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0290) 2000; 37
Whipple (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0460) 1999; 104
Boulton (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0100) 2014; 633
Forte (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0170) 2019; 7
Stock (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0410) 1999; 104
Goudie (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0240) 2006; 30
Gokceoglu (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0220) 2000; 58
Anton (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0020) 2015; 6
Perne (10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0330) 2017; 5
References_xml – volume: 493
  start-page: 102
  year: 2018
  end-page: 117
  ident: br0160
  article-title: Criteria and tools for determining drainage divide stability
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1
  year: 2000
  end-page: 23
  ident: br0220
  article-title: New approaches to the characterization of clay-bearing, densely jointed and weak rock masses
  publication-title: Eng. Geol.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 38
  year: 2014
  end-page: 61
  ident: br0300
  article-title: The stream power river incision model: evidence, theory and beyond
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
– volume: 104
  start-page: 4983
  year: 1999
  end-page: 4993
  ident: br0410
  article-title: Geologic constraints on bedrock river incision using the stream power law
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. B
– volume: 31
  year: 2012
  ident: br0040
  article-title: Longitudinal to transverse drainage network evolution in the High Atlas (Morocco): the role of tectonics
  publication-title: Tectonics
– volume: 5
  start-page: 85
  year: 2017
  end-page: 100
  ident: br0330
  article-title: Steady state, erosional continuity, and the topography of landscapes developed in layered rocks
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Dyn.
– volume: 118
  start-page: 1806
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1825
  ident: br0010
  article-title: Lithologic and tectonic controls on bedrock channel form at the northwest Himalayan front
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Earth Surf.
– volume: 493
  start-page: 150
  year: 2018
  end-page: 160
  ident: br0200
  article-title: Lithologic controls on landscape dynamics and aquatic species evolution in post-orogenic mountains
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
– volume: 122
  start-page: 2196
  year: 2017
  end-page: 2222
  ident: br0500
  article-title: Lithologic effects on landscape response to base level changes: a modeling study in the context of the Eastern Jura Mountains, Switzerland
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Earth Surf.
– volume: 440
  start-page: 103
  year: 2018
  end-page: 128
  ident: br0310
  article-title: Bedrock structural control on catchment-scale connectivity and alluvial fan processes, High Atlas Mountains, Morocco
  publication-title: Geol. Soc. (Lond.) Spec. Publ.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 766
  year: 2009
  ident: br0080
  article-title: Shrinking and splitting of drainage basins in orogenic landscapes from the migration of the main drainage divide
  publication-title: Nat. Geosci.
– volume: 30
  start-page: 703
  year: 2006
  end-page: 718
  ident: br0240
  article-title: The Schmidt Hammer in geomorphological research
  publication-title: Prog. Phys. Geogr. Earth Environ.
– volume: 120
  start-page: 275
  year: 2015
  end-page: 299
  ident: br0360
  article-title: The influence of crustal strength fields on the patterns and rates of fluvial incision
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Earth Surf.
– volume: 166
  start-page: 363
  year: 2017
  end-page: 379
  ident: br0420
  article-title: Controls on dryland mountain landscape development along the NW Saharan desert margin: insights from Quaternary river terrace sequences (Dadès River, south-central High Atlas, Morocco)
  publication-title: Quat. Sci. Rev.
– volume: 42
  start-page: 466
  year: 2005
  end-page: 472
  ident: br0230
  article-title: A comparative study of Schmidt hammer testing procedures with reference to rock cutting machine performance prediction
  publication-title: Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 395
  year: 2002
  end-page: 399
  ident: br0260
  article-title: Predicting the Schmidt hammer values of in-situ intact rock from core sample values
  publication-title: Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.
– volume: 310
  start-page: 168
  year: 2018
  end-page: 187
  ident: br0090
  article-title: Which DEM is best for analyzing fluvial landscape development in mountainous terrains?
  publication-title: Geomorphology
– volume: 121
  start-page: 1635
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1650
  ident: br0450
  article-title: The influence of sandstone caprock material on bedrock channel steepness within a tectonically passive setting: Buffalo National River Basin, Arkansas, USA
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Earth Surf.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1259
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1268
  ident: br0210
  article-title: Orogen-scale drainage network evolution and response to erodibility changes: insights from numerical experiments
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
– volume: 50
  start-page: 4283
  year: 2014
  end-page: 4304
  ident: br0140
  article-title: Objective extraction of channel heads from high-resolution topographic data
  publication-title: Water Resour. Res.
– volume: 20
  start-page: 102
  year: 2008
  end-page: 107
  ident: br0030
  article-title: A Late Cenozoic age for long-wavelength surface uplift of the Atlas Mountains of Morocco
  publication-title: Terra Nova
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1343
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1364
  ident: br0180
  article-title: Drainage network reveals patterns and history of active deformation in the eastern Greater Caucasus
  publication-title: Geosphere
– start-page: 255
  year: 2004
  end-page: 260
  ident: br0250
  article-title: Quaternary glaciation in the Atlas Mountains of North Africa
  publication-title: Developments in Quaternary Sciences
– volume: 343
  year: 2014
  ident: br0470
  article-title: Dynamic reorganization of river basins
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 37
  start-page: 723
  year: 2000
  end-page: 728
  ident: br0290
  article-title: Evaluation of mechanical rock properties using a Schmidt Hammer
  publication-title: Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.
– year: 1985
  ident: br0370
  article-title: Carte Géologique du Maroc Notes et mémoires (Morocco, Service Géologique)
– volume: 475
  start-page: 34
  year: 2017
  end-page: 43
  ident: br0060
  article-title: Geometric disequilibrium of river basins produces long-lived transient landscapes
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
– volume: vol. 398
  start-page: 101
  year: 2006
  end-page: 126
  ident: br0120
  article-title: Influence of incision rate, rock strength, and bedload supply on bedrock river gradients and valley-flat widths: field-based evidence and calibrations from western Alpine rivers (southeast France)
  publication-title: Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1737
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1746
  ident: br0320
  article-title: Correlation between unconfined compressive strength and indirect tensile strength of limestone rock samples
  publication-title: Electron. J. Geotech. Eng.
– volume: 330
  start-page: 133
  year: 2019
  end-page: 150
  ident: br0430
  article-title: Lithological control on the geomorphic evolution of the Shillong Plateau in Northeast India
  publication-title: Geomorphology
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1736
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1757
  ident: br0190
  article-title: Complexities of landscape evolution during incision through layered stratigraphy with contrasts in rock strength
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
– volume: 301
  start-page: 455
  year: 2001
  end-page: 485
  ident: br0480
  article-title: Uplift, shortening, and steady state topography in active mountain belts
  publication-title: Am. J. Sci.
– volume: 112
  start-page: 2355
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2360
  ident: br0050
  article-title: Erosion during extreme flood events dominates Holocene canyon evolution in northeast Iceland
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
– volume: 518
  start-page: 53
  year: 2019
  end-page: 66
  ident: br0070
  article-title: Lithological control on the post-orogenic topography and erosion history of the Pyrenees
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
– reference: Errarhaoui, K., 1998. Structure du haut-atlas: plis et chevauchements du socle et de couverture (interpretations des donnees geophysiques et geologiques), p. 326.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1087
  year: 2001
  end-page: 1090
  ident: br0400
  article-title: Sediment and rock strength controls on river incision into bedrock
  publication-title: Geology
– volume: 104
  start-page: 17661
  year: 1999
  end-page: 17674
  ident: br0460
  article-title: Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model: implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Solid Earth
– volume: 258
  start-page: 58
  year: 2016
  end-page: 68
  ident: br0380
  article-title: Lithologic controls on valley width and strath terrace formation
  publication-title: Geomorphology
– volume: 383
  start-page: 195
  year: 2019
  end-page: 215
  ident: br0110
  article-title: Palaeoenvironmental and tectonic significance of Miocene lacustrine and palustrine carbonates (Aït Kandoula Formation) in the Ouarzazate Foreland Basin, Morocco
  publication-title: Sediment. Geol.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  end-page: 7
  ident: br0390
  article-title: Short communication: TopoToolbox 2 – MATLAB-based software for topographic analysis and modeling in Earth surface sciences
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Dyn.
– volume: 429
  start-page: 90
  year: 2015
  end-page: 100
  ident: br0130
  article-title: Rock strength along a fluvial transect of the Colorado Plateau – quantifying a fundamental control on geomorphology
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
– volume: 38
  start-page: 570
  year: 2013
  end-page: 576
  ident: br0340
  article-title: An integral approach to bedrock river profile analysis
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 87
  year: 2019
  end-page: 95
  ident: br0170
  article-title: Short communication: the Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK) for TopoToolbox
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Dyn.
– volume: 633
  start-page: 16
  year: 2014
  end-page: 33
  ident: br0100
  article-title: Transient fluvial incision as an indicator of active faulting and Plio-Quaternary uplift of the Moroccan High Atlas
  publication-title: Tectonophysics
– volume: 398
  start-page: 55
  year: 2006
  end-page: 74
  ident: br0490
  article-title: Tectonics from topography: procedures, promise, and pitfalls
  publication-title: Spec. Pap., Geol. Soc. Am.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7963
  year: 2015
  ident: br0020
  article-title: Exceptional river gorge formation from unexceptional floods
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
– volume: 11
  start-page: 41
  year: 1986
  end-page: 52
  ident: br0350
  article-title: Petrological influence on differential weathering and inselberg development in the Kora area of central Kenya
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
– volume: 22
  year: 2003
  ident: br0440
  article-title: Tectonic shortening and topography in the central High Atlas (Morocco)
  publication-title: Tectonics
– volume: 112
  start-page: 331
  year: 2012
  end-page: 339
  ident: br0270
  article-title: Predicting the compressive and tensile strength of rocks from indentation hardness index
  publication-title: J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.
– volume: 42
  start-page: 323
  year: 2005
  end-page: 330
  ident: br0280
  article-title: Predicting elastic properties of intact rocks from index tests using multiple regression modelling
  publication-title: Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.
– volume: 398
  start-page: 55
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0490
  article-title: Tectonics from topography: procedures, promise, and pitfalls
  publication-title: Spec. Pap., Geol. Soc. Am.
– volume: 383
  start-page: 195
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0110
  article-title: Palaeoenvironmental and tectonic significance of Miocene lacustrine and palustrine carbonates (Aït Kandoula Formation) in the Ouarzazate Foreland Basin, Morocco
  publication-title: Sediment. Geol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.01.009
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1087
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0400
  article-title: Sediment and rock strength controls on river incision into bedrock
  publication-title: Geology
  doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1087:SARSCO>2.0.CO;2
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1259
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0210
  article-title: Orogen-scale drainage network evolution and response to erodibility changes: insights from numerical experiments
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
  doi: 10.1002/esp.3579
– volume: 39
  start-page: 38
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0300
  article-title: The stream power river incision model: evidence, theory and beyond
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
  doi: 10.1002/esp.3462
– volume: 112
  start-page: 2355
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0050
  article-title: Erosion during extreme flood events dominates Holocene canyon evolution in northeast Iceland
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1415443112
– volume: 30
  start-page: 703
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0240
  article-title: The Schmidt Hammer in geomorphological research
  publication-title: Prog. Phys. Geogr. Earth Environ.
  doi: 10.1177/0309133306071954
– year: 1985
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0370
– volume: 37
  start-page: 723
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0290
  article-title: Evaluation of mechanical rock properties using a Schmidt Hammer
  publication-title: Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00004-6
– volume: 11
  start-page: 41
  year: 1986
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0350
  article-title: Petrological influence on differential weathering and inselberg development in the Kora area of central Kenya
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
  doi: 10.1002/esp.3290110106
– volume: 42
  start-page: 323
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0280
  article-title: Predicting elastic properties of intact rocks from index tests using multiple regression modelling
  publication-title: Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.08.005
– volume: 120
  start-page: 275
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0360
  article-title: The influence of crustal strength fields on the patterns and rates of fluvial incision
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Earth Surf.
  doi: 10.1002/2014JF003281
– volume: 42
  start-page: 466
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0230
  article-title: A comparative study of Schmidt hammer testing procedures with reference to rock cutting machine performance prediction
  publication-title: Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.12.002
– volume: 7
  start-page: 87
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0170
  article-title: Short communication: the Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK) for TopoToolbox
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Dyn.
  doi: 10.5194/esurf-7-87-2019
– volume: 258
  start-page: 58
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0380
  article-title: Lithologic controls on valley width and strath terrace formation
  publication-title: Geomorphology
  doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.01.015
– volume: 112
  start-page: 331
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0270
  article-title: Predicting the compressive and tensile strength of rocks from indentation hardness index
  publication-title: J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.
– ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0150
– volume: 121
  start-page: 1635
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0450
  article-title: The influence of sandstone caprock material on bedrock channel steepness within a tectonically passive setting: Buffalo National River Basin, Arkansas, USA
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Earth Surf.
  doi: 10.1002/2015JF003771
– volume: 122
  start-page: 2196
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0500
  article-title: Lithologic effects on landscape response to base level changes: a modeling study in the context of the Eastern Jura Mountains, Switzerland
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Earth Surf.
  doi: 10.1002/2016JF004101
– volume: 343
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0470
  article-title: Dynamic reorganization of river basins
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1248765
– volume: 429
  start-page: 90
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0130
  article-title: Rock strength along a fluvial transect of the Colorado Plateau – quantifying a fundamental control on geomorphology
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.042
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1343
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0180
  article-title: Drainage network reveals patterns and history of active deformation in the eastern Greater Caucasus
  publication-title: Geosphere
  doi: 10.1130/GES01121.1
– volume: 518
  start-page: 53
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0070
  article-title: Lithological control on the post-orogenic topography and erosion history of the Pyrenees
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.04.034
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0390
  article-title: Short communication: TopoToolbox 2 – MATLAB-based software for topographic analysis and modeling in Earth surface sciences
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Dyn.
  doi: 10.5194/esurf-2-1-2014
– volume: 633
  start-page: 16
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0100
  article-title: Transient fluvial incision as an indicator of active faulting and Plio-Quaternary uplift of the Moroccan High Atlas
  publication-title: Tectonophysics
  doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.032
– volume: 475
  start-page: 34
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0060
  article-title: Geometric disequilibrium of river basins produces long-lived transient landscapes
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.07.010
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1737
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0320
  article-title: Correlation between unconfined compressive strength and indirect tensile strength of limestone rock samples
  publication-title: Electron. J. Geotech. Eng.
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0220
  article-title: New approaches to the characterization of clay-bearing, densely jointed and weak rock masses
  publication-title: Eng. Geol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00032-6
– start-page: 255
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0250
  article-title: Quaternary glaciation in the Atlas Mountains of North Africa
  doi: 10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80131-3
– volume: 301
  start-page: 455
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0480
  article-title: Uplift, shortening, and steady state topography in active mountain belts
  publication-title: Am. J. Sci.
  doi: 10.2475/ajs.301.4-5.455
– volume: 118
  start-page: 1806
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0010
  article-title: Lithologic and tectonic controls on bedrock channel form at the northwest Himalayan front
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Earth Surf.
  doi: 10.1002/jgrf.20113
– volume: 104
  start-page: 4983
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0410
  article-title: Geologic constraints on bedrock river incision using the stream power law
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. B
  doi: 10.1029/98JB02139
– volume: 166
  start-page: 363
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0420
  article-title: Controls on dryland mountain landscape development along the NW Saharan desert margin: insights from Quaternary river terrace sequences (Dadès River, south-central High Atlas, Morocco)
  publication-title: Quat. Sci. Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.04.017
– volume: vol. 398
  start-page: 101
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0120
  article-title: Influence of incision rate, rock strength, and bedload supply on bedrock river gradients and valley-flat widths: field-based evidence and calibrations from western Alpine rivers (southeast France)
– volume: 493
  start-page: 102
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0160
  article-title: Criteria and tools for determining drainage divide stability
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.026
– volume: 31
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0040
  article-title: Longitudinal to transverse drainage network evolution in the High Atlas (Morocco): the role of tectonics
  publication-title: Tectonics
  doi: 10.1029/2011TC003015
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1736
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0190
  article-title: Complexities of landscape evolution during incision through layered stratigraphy with contrasts in rock strength
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
  doi: 10.1002/esp.3947
– volume: 493
  start-page: 150
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0200
  article-title: Lithologic controls on landscape dynamics and aquatic species evolution in post-orogenic mountains
  publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.029
– volume: 38
  start-page: 570
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0340
  article-title: An integral approach to bedrock river profile analysis
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
  doi: 10.1002/esp.3302
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7963
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0020
  article-title: Exceptional river gorge formation from unexceptional floods
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms8963
– volume: 39
  start-page: 395
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0260
  article-title: Predicting the Schmidt hammer values of in-situ intact rock from core sample values
  publication-title: Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00028-X
– volume: 330
  start-page: 133
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0430
  article-title: Lithological control on the geomorphic evolution of the Shillong Plateau in Northeast India
  publication-title: Geomorphology
  doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.01.016
– volume: 20
  start-page: 102
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0030
  article-title: A Late Cenozoic age for long-wavelength surface uplift of the Atlas Mountains of Morocco
  publication-title: Terra Nova
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00794.x
– volume: 50
  start-page: 4283
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0140
  article-title: Objective extraction of channel heads from high-resolution topographic data
  publication-title: Water Resour. Res.
  doi: 10.1002/2013WR015167
– volume: 104
  start-page: 17661
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0460
  article-title: Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model: implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res., Solid Earth
  doi: 10.1029/1999JB900120
– volume: 5
  start-page: 85
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0330
  article-title: Steady state, erosional continuity, and the topography of landscapes developed in layered rocks
  publication-title: Earth Surf. Dyn.
  doi: 10.5194/esurf-5-85-2017
– volume: 440
  start-page: 103
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0310
  article-title: Bedrock structural control on catchment-scale connectivity and alluvial fan processes, High Atlas Mountains, Morocco
  publication-title: Geol. Soc. (Lond.) Spec. Publ.
  doi: 10.1144/SP440.15
– volume: 22
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0440
  article-title: Tectonic shortening and topography in the central High Atlas (Morocco)
  publication-title: Tectonics
  doi: 10.1029/2002TC001460
– volume: 2
  start-page: 766
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0080
  article-title: Shrinking and splitting of drainage basins in orogenic landscapes from the migration of the main drainage divide
  publication-title: Nat. Geosci.
  doi: 10.1038/ngeo666
– volume: 310
  start-page: 168
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221_br0090
  article-title: Which DEM is best for analyzing fluvial landscape development in mountainous terrains?
  publication-title: Geomorphology
  doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.03.002
SSID ssj0006569
Score 2.585714
Snippet •We estimate rock strength, erodibility and drainage divide mobility in the High Atlas Mountains.•The weakest rock-type in the High Atlas is up to two orders...
SourceID crossref
elsevier
SourceType Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 116221
SubjectTerms collisional mountain belt
drainage divide
erodibility
High Atlas
rock strength
Title Rock strength and structural controls on fluvial erodibility: Implications for drainage divide mobility in a collisional mountain belt
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116221
Volume 538
WOSCitedRecordID wos000525394900012&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1385-013X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0006569
  issn: 0012-821X
  databaseCode: AIEXJ
  dateStart: 19950101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  providerName: Elsevier
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Jb9QwFLaGFiQuiFWUTT5wi1IldjJxeqtQgc6hQtUgRlwiO3HQtCEZdaaj9g_wq_hxvOclkxao6IFLFGVsx5r35W1-CyFvVVbxDMzjsBRlFaKFEIKcL8O8ziVTUSZ5lZhmE9nRkZjN8k-j0U-fC7NusrYVFxf54r-SGp4BsTF19hbk7heFB3APRIcrkB2u_0T4Y-BwJgWk_ebS1myNWFNfw0WmmzOCujlfo79cAw-1MbKm-tPhMMYcgxAr7CKBoT0mdUsH3zs7GF0lMkAgzW1pD_jlvEVXQ6B0c9XnL8_cXhYYXLvCUD2fUNSYhKJetf_aYbqNO56aYGXz4Hi39wOtulPL12z5g96ZsOmObVzcwaSfMtVNbWGJrc2DL7tDPwczR_Q209Pz7hh4NzMNdnrendrSMI77xvGY2Xzr3wSD9VGcgIxf4oETQ1nhB1-twn1NOvYxiz4c7qTANQpco7Br3CHbLEtz4Knb-4cHs0mvCYCubM0vt3OXtGXjC6_v5M-K0UDZmT4kD5yVQvctuh6RkW4fk3sfTBfoS7gzccPl8gn5gWijHm0UKEw3aKMebbRrqUMbHaBtjw6xRgFr1GONWqxRjzU6b6mkA6xRjzWKWHtKPr8_mL77GLrWHqFMOF-FukojLbMo1UJlItU51iDiaiwiBSafrBTozTHI6SjSaVrzhJU6Gou8Au21jkEH5c_IVtu1-jmhOYsUK5kSXOtEj6XIk7gSvOJKxjKSaofE_n8tSlf3HtuvNMXfKbpDgn7OwlZ9uXF06slVuG_H6qMFoO-GeS9u9ZaX5P7ms3hFtoCY-jW5W65X8-XZGwe9XyNBvsw
linkProvider Elsevier
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rock+strength+and+structural+controls+on+fluvial+erodibility%3A+Implications+for+drainage+divide+mobility+in+a+collisional+mountain+belt&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+planetary+science+letters&rft.au=Zondervan%2C+Jesse+R.&rft.au=Stokes%2C+Martin&rft.au=Boulton%2C+Sarah+J.&rft.au=Telfer%2C+Matt+W.&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft.issn=0012-821X&rft.volume=538&rft.spage=116221&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2020.116221&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_epsl_2020_116221
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0012-821X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0012-821X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0012-821X&client=summon