On the importance of geological data for hydraulic tomography analysis: Laboratory sandbox study

•The importance of geological data in HT is investigated via sandbox experiments.•Both accurate and inaccurate geological models can be well calibrated.•A well calibrated inaccurate geological model can yield poor model validations.•Using geological model as prior K values in geostatistical inversio...

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Published in:	Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) Vol. 542; pp. 156 - 171
Main Authors:	Zhao, Zhanfeng, Illman, Walter A., Berg, Steven J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01.11.2016
Subjects:	Aquifer heterogeneity Calibration drawdown Fluid flow Geological model Geology Geostatistics Heat treatment Hydraulic tomography Hydraulics hydrologic models Mathematical models Model calibration and validation model validation monitoring prediction Pumping stratigraphy surveys tomography Geological model Aquifer heterogeneity Hydraulic tomography Model calibration and validation
ISSN:	0022-1694, 1879-2707
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Abstract	•The importance of geological data in HT is investigated via sandbox experiments.•Both accurate and inaccurate geological models can be well calibrated.•A well calibrated inaccurate geological model can yield poor model validations.•Using geological model as prior K values in geostatistical inversion approach preserves geological structures. This paper investigates the importance of geological data in Hydraulic Tomography (HT) through sandbox experiments. In particular, four groundwater models with homogeneous geological units constructed with borehole data of varying accuracy are jointly calibrated with multiple pumping test data of two different pumping and observation densities. The results are compared to those from a geostatistical inverse model. Model calibration and validation performances are quantitatively assessed using drawdown scatterplots. We find that accurate and inaccurate geological models can be well calibrated, despite the estimated K values for the poor geological models being quite different from the actual values. Model validation results reveal that inaccurate geological models yield poor drawdown predictions, but using more calibration data improves its predictive capability. Moreover, model comparisons among a highly parameterized geostatistical and layer-based geological models show that, (1) as the number of pumping tests and monitoring locations are reduced, the performance gap between the approaches decreases, and (2) a simplified geological model with a fewer number of layers is more reliable than the one based on the wrong description of stratigraphy. Finally, using a geological model as prior information in geostatistical inverse models results in the preservation of geological features, especially in areas where drawdown data are not available. Overall, our sandbox results emphasize the importance of incorporating geological data in HT surveys when data from pumping tests is sparse. These findings have important implications for field applications of HT where well distances are large.
AbstractList	This paper investigates the importance of geological data in Hydraulic Tomography (HT) through sandbox experiments. In particular, four groundwater models with homogeneous geological units constructed with borehole data of varying accuracy are jointly calibrated with multiple pumping test data of two different pumping and observation densities. The results are compared to those from a geostatistical inverse model. Model calibration and validation performances are quantitatively assessed using drawdown scatterplots. We find that accurate and inaccurate geological models can be well calibrated, despite the estimated K values for the poor geological models being quite different from the actual values. Model validation results reveal that inaccurate geological models yield poor drawdown predictions, but using more calibration data improves its predictive capability. Moreover, model comparisons among a highly parameterized geostatistical and layer-based geological models show that, (1) as the number of pumping tests and monitoring locations are reduced, the performance gap between the approaches decreases, and (2) a simplified geological model with a fewer number of layers is more reliable than the one based on the wrong description of stratigraphy. Finally, using a geological model as prior information in geostatistical inverse models results in the preservation of geological features, especially in areas where drawdown data are not available. Overall, our sandbox results emphasize the importance of incorporating geological data in HT surveys when data from pumping tests is sparse. These findings have important implications for field applications of HT where well distances are large. •The importance of geological data in HT is investigated via sandbox experiments.•Both accurate and inaccurate geological models can be well calibrated.•A well calibrated inaccurate geological model can yield poor model validations.•Using geological model as prior K values in geostatistical inversion approach preserves geological structures. This paper investigates the importance of geological data in Hydraulic Tomography (HT) through sandbox experiments. In particular, four groundwater models with homogeneous geological units constructed with borehole data of varying accuracy are jointly calibrated with multiple pumping test data of two different pumping and observation densities. The results are compared to those from a geostatistical inverse model. Model calibration and validation performances are quantitatively assessed using drawdown scatterplots. We find that accurate and inaccurate geological models can be well calibrated, despite the estimated K values for the poor geological models being quite different from the actual values. Model validation results reveal that inaccurate geological models yield poor drawdown predictions, but using more calibration data improves its predictive capability. Moreover, model comparisons among a highly parameterized geostatistical and layer-based geological models show that, (1) as the number of pumping tests and monitoring locations are reduced, the performance gap between the approaches decreases, and (2) a simplified geological model with a fewer number of layers is more reliable than the one based on the wrong description of stratigraphy. Finally, using a geological model as prior information in geostatistical inverse models results in the preservation of geological features, especially in areas where drawdown data are not available. Overall, our sandbox results emphasize the importance of incorporating geological data in HT surveys when data from pumping tests is sparse. These findings have important implications for field applications of HT where well distances are large.
Author	Zhao, Zhanfeng Berg, Steven J. Illman, Walter A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Zhanfeng surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Zhanfeng email: z58zhao@uwaterloo.ca organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Walter A. surname: Illman fullname: Illman, Walter A. organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Steven J. surname: Berg fullname: Berg, Steven J. organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Snippet	•The importance of geological data in HT is investigated via sandbox experiments.•Both accurate and inaccurate geological models can be well calibrated.•A well... This paper investigates the importance of geological data in Hydraulic Tomography (HT) through sandbox experiments. In particular, four groundwater models with...
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SubjectTerms	Aquifer heterogeneity Calibration drawdown Fluid flow Geological model Geology Geostatistics Heat treatment Hydraulic tomography Hydraulics hydrologic models Mathematical models Model calibration and validation model validation monitoring prediction Pumping stratigraphy surveys tomography
Title	On the importance of geological data for hydraulic tomography analysis: Laboratory sandbox study
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