2D and 3D visualization of aquifer sediments, surface water seepage and groundwater flow using DC-resistivity, DC-IP, and SP methods, West El-Minia, Egypt

In this study, the SP, DC-Resistivity and DC-TDIP methods were used and included 21 sites for determining the groundwater conditions and visualizing the aquifer sediments, surface water seepage, and groundwater flow in 2D and 3D. The results indicated the occurrence of Quaternary and Tertiary deposi...

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Published in:	Environmental earth sciences Vol. 82; no. 1; p. 21
Main Authors:	Ammar, A. I., Kamal, K. A., El-Boghdady, M. F. M., Ebrahem, O.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.01.2023 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Accumulation Aquifers Biogeosciences Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Effective porosity Egypt Electrical resistivity Environmental Science and Engineering Eocene Eocene epoch Fault zones Freshwater Geochemistry Geology Groundwater Groundwater flow Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Inland water environment Limestone Original Article Permeability Porosity Quaternary Quaternary deposits Salinity Salinity effects Sediment Sediment distribution Sedimentary rocks Sediments Seepage Shale Shales Submarine springs Surface water Surface-groundwater relations Terrestrial Pollution Tertiary Three dimensional flow Three dimensional models Two dimensional flow Visualization Water bearing layers Water seepage Egypt Water seepage and groundwater flow 2D and 3D visualization of sediments DC-resistivity method DC-TDIP method SP method
ISSN:	1866-6280, 1866-6299
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Abstract	In this study, the SP, DC-Resistivity and DC-TDIP methods were used and included 21 sites for determining the groundwater conditions and visualizing the aquifer sediments, surface water seepage, and groundwater flow in 2D and 3D. The results indicated the occurrence of Quaternary and Tertiary deposits, as well as shallow aquifer of Eocene fractured limestone and Quaternary deposits. The resistivity, chargeability and SP values were compared with each other and 2D and 3D visualization models were designed for these values to understand the sediment distribution and its geological and hydrogeological implications. High to medium, low and very low chargeability values indicated the compact sediments with high shale content, water-bearing layers and freshwater zones and dry sediments, respectively, and varied with the water amount, salinity and effective porosity. Low to very low values of SP indicated the occurrence and high accumulation of groundwater and an increase in shale, permeability and groundwater flow and source, and possibly salinity. The results showed that the resistivity, chargeability and SP values had an important role in separating the dry and saturated sediments and defining the fault zone, determining the source of surface water seepage, classifying the depths of high, medium and low groundwater accumulation and flow and permeability. The IP depended highly on the water amount and shale content and it was interesting in groundwater exploration with resistivity and in differentiating between groundwater and clays. The SP assisted in delineating the surface water seepage and groundwater source and flow direction, and predicting the sediments permeability.
AbstractList	In this study, the SP, DC-Resistivity and DC-TDIP methods were used and included 21 sites for determining the groundwater conditions and visualizing the aquifer sediments, surface water seepage, and groundwater flow in 2D and 3D. The results indicated the occurrence of Quaternary and Tertiary deposits, as well as shallow aquifer of Eocene fractured limestone and Quaternary deposits. The resistivity, chargeability and SP values were compared with each other and 2D and 3D visualization models were designed for these values to understand the sediment distribution and its geological and hydrogeological implications. High to medium, low and very low chargeability values indicated the compact sediments with high shale content, water-bearing layers and freshwater zones and dry sediments, respectively, and varied with the water amount, salinity and effective porosity. Low to very low values of SP indicated the occurrence and high accumulation of groundwater and an increase in shale, permeability and groundwater flow and source, and possibly salinity. The results showed that the resistivity, chargeability and SP values had an important role in separating the dry and saturated sediments and defining the fault zone, determining the source of surface water seepage, classifying the depths of high, medium and low groundwater accumulation and flow and permeability. The IP depended highly on the water amount and shale content and it was interesting in groundwater exploration with resistivity and in differentiating between groundwater and clays. The SP assisted in delineating the surface water seepage and groundwater source and flow direction, and predicting the sediments permeability.
ArticleNumber	21
Author	Ammar, A. I. Kamal, K. A. El-Boghdady, M. F. M. Ebrahem, O.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: A. I. surname: Ammar fullname: Ammar, A. I. email: abdallah_ammar@nwrc.gov.eg organization: Research Institute for Groundwater and Water Resources Research Institute, National Water Research Center, National Water Research Center Building – sequence: 2 givenname: K. A. surname: Kamal fullname: Kamal, K. A. organization: Research Institute for Groundwater, National Water Research Center – sequence: 3 givenname: M. F. M. surname: El-Boghdady fullname: El-Boghdady, M. F. M. organization: Research Institute for Groundwater, National Water Research Center – sequence: 4 givenname: O. surname: Ebrahem fullname: Ebrahem, O. organization: Environment and Climate Changes Research Institute, National Water Research Center
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SubjectTerms	Accumulation Aquifers Biogeosciences Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Effective porosity Egypt Electrical resistivity Environmental Science and Engineering Eocene Eocene epoch Fault zones Freshwater Geochemistry Geology Groundwater Groundwater flow Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Inland water environment Limestone Original Article Permeability Porosity Quaternary Quaternary deposits Salinity Salinity effects Sediment Sediment distribution Sedimentary rocks Sediments Seepage Shale Shales Submarine springs Surface water Surface-groundwater relations Terrestrial Pollution Tertiary Three dimensional flow Three dimensional models Two dimensional flow Visualization Water bearing layers Water seepage
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Title	2D and 3D visualization of aquifer sediments, surface water seepage and groundwater flow using DC-resistivity, DC-IP, and SP methods, West El-Minia, Egypt
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