Melting hadrons, boiling quarks : from Hagedorn temperature to ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at CERN : with a tribute to Rolf Hagedorn
This book shows how the study of multi-hadron production phenomena in the years after the founding of CERN culminated in Hagedorn's pioneering idea of limiting temperature, leading on to the discovery of the quark-gluon plasma — announced, in February 2000 at CERN. Following the foreword by Her...
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| Abstract | This book shows how the study of multi-hadron production phenomena in the years after the founding of CERN culminated in Hagedorn's pioneering idea of limiting temperature, leading on to the discovery of the quark-gluon plasma — announced, in February 2000 at CERN. Following the foreword by Herwig Schopper — the Director General (1981-1988) of CERN at the key historical juncture — the first part is a tribute to Rolf Hagedorn (1919-2003) and includes contributions by contemporary friends and colleagues, and those who were most touched by Hagedorn: Tamás Biró, Igor Dremin, Torleif Ericson, Marek Gaździcki, Mark Gorenstein, Hans Gutbrod, Maurice Jacob, István Montvay, Berndt Müller, Grazyna Odyniec, Emanuele Quercigh, Krzysztof Redlich, Helmut Satz, Luigi Sertorio, Ludwik Turko, and Gabriele Veneziano. The second and third parts retrace 20 years of developments that after discovery of the Hagedorn temperature in 1964 led to its recognition as the melting point of hadrons into boiling quarks, and to the rise of the experimental relativistic heavy ion collision program. These parts contain previously unpublished material authored by Hagedorn and Rafelski: conference retrospectives, research notes, workshop reports, in some instances abbreviated to avoid duplication of material, and rounded off with the editor's explanatory notes. About the editor: Johann Rafelski is a theoretical physicist working at The University of Arizona in Tucson, USA. Bor n in 1950 in Krakow, Poland, he received his Ph.D. with Walter Greiner in Frankfurt, Germany in 1973. Rafelski arrived at CERN in 1977, where in a joint effort with Hagedorn he contributed greatly to the establishment of the relativistic heavy ion collision, and quark-gluon plasma research fields. Moving on, with stops in Frankfurt and Cape Town, to Arizona, he invented and developed the strangeness quark flavor as the signature of quark-gluon plasma. |
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| AbstractList | Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics; Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics; History of Science This book shows how the study of multi-hadron production phenomena in the years after the founding of CERN culminated in Hagedorn's pioneering idea of limiting temperature, leading on to the discovery of the quark-gluon plasma — announced, in February 2000 at CERN. Following the foreword by Herwig Schopper — the Director General (1981-1988) of CERN at the key historical juncture — the first part is a tribute to Rolf Hagedorn (1919-2003) and includes contributions by contemporary friends and colleagues, and those who were most touched by Hagedorn: Tamás Biró, Igor Dremin, Torleif Ericson, Marek Gaździcki, Mark Gorenstein, Hans Gutbrod, Maurice Jacob, István Montvay, Berndt Müller, Grazyna Odyniec, Emanuele Quercigh, Krzysztof Redlich, Helmut Satz, Luigi Sertorio, Ludwik Turko, and Gabriele Veneziano. The second and third parts retrace 20 years of developments that after discovery of the Hagedorn temperature in 1964 led to its recognition as the melting point of hadrons into boiling quarks, and to the rise of the experimental relativistic heavy ion collision program. These parts contain previously unpublished material authored by Hagedorn and Rafelski: conference retrospectives, research notes, workshop reports, in some instances abbreviated to avoid duplication of material, and rounded off with the editor's explanatory notes. About the editor: Johann Rafelski is a theoretical physicist working at The University of Arizona in Tucson, USA. Bor n in 1950 in Krakow, Poland, he received his Ph.D. with Walter Greiner in Frankfurt, Germany in 1973. Rafelski arrived at CERN in 1977, where in a joint effort with Hagedorn he contributed greatly to the establishment of the relativistic heavy ion collision, and quark-gluon plasma research fields. Moving on, with stops in Frankfurt and Cape Town, to Arizona, he invented and developed the strangeness quark flavor as the signature of quark-gluon plasma. |
| Author | Rafelski, Johann |
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| Snippet | Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics; Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics; History of Science This book shows how the study of multi-hadron production phenomena in the years after the founding of CERN culminated in Hagedorn's pioneering idea of limiting... |
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| SubjectTerms | Astronomy Astronomy, space and time Beam Physics Business & Economics Business and Management Economics, Finance, Business and Management European Organization for Nuclear Research Hadrons Hagedorn, R. (Rolf) Heavy Ions History History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics History of Science Management Management and management techniques Management of specific areas Mathematics and Science Nonfiction Nuclear Physics Particle Acceleration and Detection Physics Science Space Science |
| SubjectTermsDisplay | Electronic books. History. Nonfiction. Physics. Science. |
| TableOfContents | Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Part I Reminiscences: Rolf Hagedorn and Relativistic Heavy Ion Research -- 1 Spotlight on Rolf Hagedorn -- 1.1 Working with Hagedorn -- Meeting Hagedorn -- A Short Story About Hagedorn Temperature -- Hot Nuclear Matter in the Statistical Bootstrap Model -- Higher Level Computer Language -- Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions -- Strangeness and the Discovery of Quark-Gluon Plasma -- Retirement -- 1.2 The Righteous Man -- Helping Those in Need -- Le Chambon: A Short Story Outside the Physics Context -- 1.3 Rolf Hagedorn: Biographical Information -- Rolf Hagedorn Curriculum Vitae 1954 -- CERN Appointment -- CERN Obituary: Rolf Hagedorn 1919-2003 -- 2 Rolf Hagedorn: The Years Leading to TH -- 2.1 CERN Theory Division in 1960s -- 2.2 Hagedorn's Path to and at CERN -- The War Years -- At Göttingen -- At CERN -- 2.3 Appreciation -- 3 Music and Science: Tribute to Rolf Hagedorn -- 3.1 Personal Remarks -- Visit to India -- Art and Music -- 3.2 Contribution to Research -- Thermal Particle Production -- Limiting Temperature -- Statistical Bootstrap Model -- 3.3 Active Retirement -- 4 On Hagedorn -- 4.1 In Times Past -- 4.2 Wide Field of Interests -- 4.3 Retrospective -- 5 Hungarian Perspective -- 5.1 Influence Spreads to Hungary -- 5.2 Memories by István Montvay -- 5.3 Tamás Biró Grows up with Hagedorn -- 5.4 Hagedorn Remembered -- 6 The Tale of the Hagedorn Temperature -- 6.1 Particle Production -- 6.2 The Statistical Bootstrap Model -- 6.3 Quark-Gluon Plasma -- 7 The Legacy of Rolf Hagedorn: Statistical Bootstrap and Ultimate Temperature -- 7.1 Rolf Hagedorn -- 7.2 The Statistical Bootstrap -- 7.3 The Limiting Temperature of Hadronic Matter -- 7.4 Resonance Gas and QCD Thermodynamics -- 7.5 Resonance Gas and Heavy Ion Collisions 23.4 Properties of Nuclear Matter in the Bootstrap Model -- The Different Phases -- Baryon Density in the Gaseous Phase -- Baryon Energy in the Gaseous Phase -- 23.5 Summary -- References -- 24 On a Possible Phase Transition Between Hadron Matter and Quark-Gluon Matter: 1981 -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 The Grand Canonical Pressure Partition Function -- Introduction -- How Shall We Use Π(β,ξ,λ)? -- 24.3 The Hadron Gas -- Introduction -- Digression: The Pointlike Hadron Gas -- The Real Hadron Gas -- Interpretation -- The Usual Thermodynamic Limit with Fixed V→∞ -- Hot Hadron Matter: No Fixed Volume -- 24.4 Conclusions -- References -- 25 How We Got to QCD Matter from the Hadron Side: 1984 -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Pre-bootstrap -- 25.3 Early Bootstrap -- The Bootstrap Idea -- Consequences -- Difficulties -- Early Developments -- Microcanonical Bootstrap -- Exact Analytical Solutions of the BE -- The Bootstrap Function -- The State of Affairs up to 1978 -- 25.4 The Phase Transition: Hadron Matter-Quark Matter -- Hadron Volumes -- References -- Part III Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks Heavy Ion Path to Quark-Gluon Plasma -- 26 How to Deal withRelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Collective Motions -- Useful Variables -- Momentum Distributions -- Determination of the Weight Function F(λ,γ0) -- Violations of the Postulates 1 and 2 -- (a) Transverse Collective Motions -- (b) Violation of Postulate 2 -- 26.3 Statistical Bootstrap Thermodynamics -- The Partition Function -- Interaction -- The Bootstrap Hypothesis -- The Singularity of the Partition Function: Baryon Conservation -- The Partition Function for Real (Extended) Particles -- Properties of the Real Hadron Gas -- Behaviour Near the Critical Curve -- 26.4 Is There Equilibrium in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision? -- The Way to Equilibrium -- Expansion and Cooling Experiments at RHIC -- Experiments at LHC -- Beam Energy Scan at RHIC -- Next Steps -- 14.3 Outlook and Conclusions -- References -- 15 Reminscenses of Rolf Hagedorn -- 15.1 Many Years Ago -- 15.2 The Heavy Ion Era at CERN Begins -- 15.3 Experiments WA85-WA94-WA97-NA57 -- 15.4 The Other Hagedorn -- References -- Part II The Hagedorn Temperature -- 16 Boiling Primordial Matter: 1968 -- 16.1 The Large and the Small in the Universe -- The New Situation: Multiparticle Production in High Energy Physics -- Black Body Radiation -- 16.2 Highest Temperature = The Boiling Pointof Primordial Matter? -- 16.3 Is the Question About the ``Final Building Block''Meaningless? -- Possible Consequences in the Large? -- 17 The Long Way to the Statistical Bootstrap Model: 1994 -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 From 1936 to 1965 -- Fireballs -- Multiple Production: Heisenberg (1936) -- Dulles-Walker Variables (1954) -- `Constant' Mean Transverse Momentum (1956) -- The Two-Centre Model (1958) -- Conclusion: Fireballs with Limited < -- p> -- Exist -- Statistical and Thermodynamical Methods -- Bohr's Compound Nucleus (1936) -- The Weisskopf Evaporation Model (1937) -- Koppe's Attempt and the Fermi Statistical Model (1948/1950) -- Beth-Uhlenbeck, Belenkij (1937/1956) -- The CERN Statistical Model (1958-1962) -- The Decisive Turn of the Screw: Large-Angle Elastic Scattering -- Statistical Model Description of Large-Angle Elastic Scattering -- Thermal Description -- Exponential or Not? -- Asymptotics of Momentum Space -- Interpretation: Distinguishable Particles and Pomeranchuk's Ansatz -- 17.3 The Statistical Bootstrap Model (SBM) -- A Few Well-Known Formulae -- Introducing the Statistical Bootstrap Hypothesis -- The Solution -- Further Developments -- 17.4 Some Further Remarks -- The Difficulty in Killing an Exponential Spectrum -- What is the Value of T0? 7.6 Particle Yields and Canonical Charge Conservation -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 8 The Hagedorn Spectrum and the Dual Resonance Model: An Old Love Affair -- Preamble -- 8.1 A Surprise That Should Not Have Been One -- 8.2 From TH to the String -- 8.3 Crisis, Reinterpretations -- 8.4 Many Years Later … -- Conclusion -- 9 Hadronic Matter: The Moscow Perspective -- 9.1 The Beginning -- Cosmic Rays and Landau -- Multiperipheral Collisions -- 9.2 Hot Hadron Matter -- Photons and Leptons -- Quark-Gluon Plasma -- Cherenkov Radiation -- Correlations and Fluctuations -- Charm -- 9.3 Open Questions -- Appreciation -- References -- 10 Hagedorn Model of Critical Behavior: Comparison of Lattice and SBM Calculations -- 10.1 Rolf Hagedorn: Some Personal Impressions -- 10.2 Critical Behavior of Hadronic Matter -- Critical Curve from the Lattice Calculations -- Critical Curve from the Statistical Bootstrap Model -- Comparison of SBM and Lattice-QCD -- 10.3 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Hagedorn's Hadron Mass Spectrum andthe Onset of Deconfinement -- 11.1 Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Hagedorn Temperature -- 11.2 Discovery of the Onset of Deconfinement -- References -- 12 Begin of the Search for the Quark-Gluon Plasma -- 12.1 The Beginning -- Bevalac and ISR -- SPS and RHIC Programs Take Shape -- 12.2 Quark-Gluon Plasma Discovered -- New Instrumentation -- Experiments -- 13 The Path to Heavy Ions at LHC and Beyond -- 13.1 Work at the Bevalac -- 13.2 …and at the SPS -- 13.3 How Heavy Ions Got into LHC and the ALICE Was Born -- 13.4 Future Facilities -- 13.5 Epilogue -- 14 A New Phase of Matter: Quark-Gluon Plasma Beyond the Hagedorn Critical Temperature -- 14.1 From Hagedorn to Quark-Gluon Plasma -- Deconfinement of Quarks and Gluons -- Lattice QCD Results -- Hot Nuclear Matter -- 14.2 Path to Discovery of the QGP -- QGP Observables -- SPS Results 26.5 Conclusions Where Is Landau, Where Are the Californian Bootstrappers? -- 17.5 Conclusion -- Post Scriptum -- References -- 18 About `Distinguishable Particles' -- 18.1 Withdrawn Manuscript -- 18.2 Note by Rolf Hagedorn of 27 October 1964 -- 18.3 From Distinguishable Hadrons to SBM -- 18.4 Hagedorn Temperature as a General Physics Concept -- 19 Thermodynamics of Distinguishable Particles: A Key to High-Energy Strong Interactions? -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Statistical Thermodynamics of Distinguishable Particles -- 19.3 The Interpretation of the Model -- 19.4 Speculations on a More Realistic Model -- Angular Distribution and Multiplicity -- The Case of Nonzero Mass -- A Speculation on the Mass Spectrum of `Fireballs' -- Elastic and Exchange Scattering -- A Logical Difficulty of the Model -- 19.5 Summary and Conclusions -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- 20 On the Hadronic Mass Spectrum -- References -- 21 On the Hadronic Mass Spectrum: 2014 -- 21.1 Data and Hadron Mass Spectrum -- Fits of Hadron Mass Spectrum -- The Value of the Power Index `a' -- 21.2 Quarks and QCD -- Lattice-QCD Trace Anomaly Constraint -- Quark Bags and the Hadron Mass Spectrum -- References -- 22 SBM Guide to the Literature as of June 1972 -- References -- 23 Thermodynamics of Hot Nuclear Matter: 1978 in the Statistical Bootstrap Model -- 23.1 Introduction -- Plan of the Paper -- 23.2 The Statistical Bootstrap Method in Particle and Nuclear Physics -- The Statistical Bootstrap Model in Particle Physics -- Solution of the Bootstrap Equation -- The Nuclear Matter Bootstrap Equation -- The Mass Spectrum for Nuclear Matter -- Laplace and L-Transforms of the Mass Spectrum -- 23.3 Thermodynamics -- The Partition Functions of the One-Component Ideal Gas -- The Strongly Interacting Pion Gas -- Physics Near T0 -- Thermodynamics of Clustered Matter -- Partition Function of Nuclear Matter |
| Title | Melting hadrons, boiling quarks : from Hagedorn temperature to ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at CERN : with a tribute to Rolf Hagedorn |
| URI | https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130282269066142976 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/33085 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/28005 https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/[SITE_ID]/detail.action?docID=5579106 https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/[SITE_ID]/detail.action?docID=6363134 http://link.overdrive.com/?titleID=10071900&websiteID= https://openresearchlibrary.org/viewer/3c317696-9723-4402-bc4d-900417e63770 |
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