Climate warming increases extreme daily wildfire growth risk in California

California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years 1 – 3 , leading to substantial loss of life and property 4 , 5 . Some portion of the change in wildfire behaviour is attributable to anthropogenic climate warming, but formally quantifying this contribution is difficult b...

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Vydané v:Nature (London) Ročník 621; číslo 7980; s. 760 - 766
Hlavní autori: Brown, Patrick T., Hanley, Holt, Mahesh, Ankur, Reed, Colorado, Strenfel, Scott J., Davis, Steven J., Kochanski, Adam K., Clements, Craig B.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: London Nature Publishing Group UK 28.09.2023
Nature Publishing Group
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ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years 1 – 3 , leading to substantial loss of life and property 4 , 5 . Some portion of the change in wildfire behaviour is attributable to anthropogenic climate warming, but formally quantifying this contribution is difficult because of numerous confounding factors 6 , 7 and because wildfires are below the grid scale of global climate models. Here we use machine learning to quantify empirical relationships between temperature (as well as the influence of temperature on aridity) and the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth (>10,000 acres) in California and find that the influence of temperature on the risk is primarily mediated through its influence on fuel moisture. We use the uncovered relationships to estimate the changes in extreme daily wildfire growth risk under anthropogenic warming by subjecting historical fires from 2003 to 2020 to differing background climatological temperatures and aridity conditions. We find that the influence of anthropogenic warming on the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth varies appreciably on a fire-by-fire and day-by-day basis, depending on whether or not climate warming pushes conditions over certain thresholds of aridity, such as 1.5 kPa of vapour-pressure deficit and 10% dead fuel moisture. So far, anthropogenic warming has enhanced the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth by 25% (5–95 range of 14–36%), on average, relative to preindustrial conditions. But for some fires, there was approximately no change, and for other fires, the enhancement has been as much as 461%. When historical fires are subjected to a range of projected end-of-century conditions, the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth events increases by 59% (5–95 range of 47–71%) under a low SSP1–2.6 emissions scenario compared with an increase of 172% (5–95 range of 156–188%) under a very high SSP5–8.5 emissions scenario, relative to preindustrial conditions. Quantification of climate warming in California using machine learning shows increased daily wildfire growth risk by 25%, with an expected increase of 59% and 172% in 2100, for low- and very-high-emissions scenarios, respectively.
AbstractList California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years 1 – 3 , leading to substantial loss of life and property 4 , 5 . Some portion of the change in wildfire behaviour is attributable to anthropogenic climate warming, but formally quantifying this contribution is difficult because of numerous confounding factors 6 , 7 and because wildfires are below the grid scale of global climate models. Here we use machine learning to quantify empirical relationships between temperature (as well as the influence of temperature on aridity) and the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth (>10,000 acres) in California and find that the influence of temperature on the risk is primarily mediated through its influence on fuel moisture. We use the uncovered relationships to estimate the changes in extreme daily wildfire growth risk under anthropogenic warming by subjecting historical fires from 2003 to 2020 to differing background climatological temperatures and aridity conditions. We find that the influence of anthropogenic warming on the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth varies appreciably on a fire-by-fire and day-by-day basis, depending on whether or not climate warming pushes conditions over certain thresholds of aridity, such as 1.5 kPa of vapour-pressure deficit and 10% dead fuel moisture. So far, anthropogenic warming has enhanced the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth by 25% (5–95 range of 14–36%), on average, relative to preindustrial conditions. But for some fires, there was approximately no change, and for other fires, the enhancement has been as much as 461%. When historical fires are subjected to a range of projected end-of-century conditions, the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth events increases by 59% (5–95 range of 47–71%) under a low SSP1–2.6 emissions scenario compared with an increase of 172% (5–95 range of 156–188%) under a very high SSP5–8.5 emissions scenario, relative to preindustrial conditions. Quantification of climate warming in California using machine learning shows increased daily wildfire growth risk by 25%, with an expected increase of 59% and 172% in 2100, for low- and very-high-emissions scenarios, respectively.
California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years13, leading to substantial loss of life and property45. Some portion ofthe change in wildfire behaviour is attributable to anthropogenic climate warming, but formally quantifying this contribution is difficult because of numerous confounding factors· · 6 7 and because wildfires are below the grid scale of global climate models. Here we use machine learningto quantify empirical relationships between temperature (as well as the influence oftemperature on aridity) and the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth (>10,000 acres) in California and find thatthe influence oftemperature on the riskis primarily mediated through its influence on fuel moisture. We use the uncovered relationships to estimate the changes in extreme daily wildfire growth risk under anthropogenic warming by subjecting historical fires from 2003 to 2020 to differing background climatological temperatures and aridity conditions. We find that the influence of anthropogenic warming on the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth varies appreciably on a fire-by-fire and day-by-day basis, depending on whether or not climate warming pushes conditions over certain thresholds of aridity, such as 1.5 kPa ofvapour-pressure deficit and 10% dead fuel moisture. So far, anthropogenic warming has enhanced the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth by 25% (5-95 range of 14-36%), on average, relative to preindustrial conditions. But for some fires, there was approximately no change, and for other fires, the enhancement has been as much as 461%. When historical fires are subjected to a range of projected end-of-century conditions, the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth events increases by 59% (5-95 range of 47-71%) under a low SSP1-2.6 emissions scenario compared with an increase of 172% (5-95 range of156-188%) under a very high SSP5-8.5 emissions scenario, relative to preindustrial conditions.
California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years1-3, leading to substantial loss of life and property4,5. Some portion of the change in wildfire behaviour is attributable to anthropogenic climate warming, but formally quantifying this contribution is difficult because of numerous confounding factors6,7 and because wildfires are below the grid scale of global climate models. Here we use machine learning to quantify empirical relationships between temperature (as well as the influence of temperature on aridity) and the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth (>10,000 acres) in California and find that the influence of temperature on the risk is primarily mediated through its influence on fuel moisture. We use the uncovered relationships to estimate the changes in extreme daily wildfire growth risk under anthropogenic warming by subjecting historical fires from 2003 to 2020 to differing background climatological temperatures and aridity conditions. We find that the influence of anthropogenic warming on the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth varies appreciably on a fire-by-fire and day-by-day basis, depending on whether or not climate warming pushes conditions over certain thresholds of aridity, such as 1.5 kPa of vapour-pressure deficit and 10% dead fuel moisture. So far, anthropogenic warming has enhanced the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth by 25% (5-95 range of 14-36%), on average, relative to preindustrial conditions. But for some fires, there was approximately no change, and for other fires, the enhancement has been as much as 461%. When historical fires are subjected to a range of projected end-of-century conditions, the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth events increases by 59% (5-95 range of 47-71%) under a low SSP1-2.6 emissions scenario compared with an increase of 172% (5-95 range of 156-188%) under a very high SSP5-8.5 emissions scenario, relative to preindustrial conditions.California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years1-3, leading to substantial loss of life and property4,5. Some portion of the change in wildfire behaviour is attributable to anthropogenic climate warming, but formally quantifying this contribution is difficult because of numerous confounding factors6,7 and because wildfires are below the grid scale of global climate models. Here we use machine learning to quantify empirical relationships between temperature (as well as the influence of temperature on aridity) and the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth (>10,000 acres) in California and find that the influence of temperature on the risk is primarily mediated through its influence on fuel moisture. We use the uncovered relationships to estimate the changes in extreme daily wildfire growth risk under anthropogenic warming by subjecting historical fires from 2003 to 2020 to differing background climatological temperatures and aridity conditions. We find that the influence of anthropogenic warming on the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth varies appreciably on a fire-by-fire and day-by-day basis, depending on whether or not climate warming pushes conditions over certain thresholds of aridity, such as 1.5 kPa of vapour-pressure deficit and 10% dead fuel moisture. So far, anthropogenic warming has enhanced the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth by 25% (5-95 range of 14-36%), on average, relative to preindustrial conditions. But for some fires, there was approximately no change, and for other fires, the enhancement has been as much as 461%. When historical fires are subjected to a range of projected end-of-century conditions, the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth events increases by 59% (5-95 range of 47-71%) under a low SSP1-2.6 emissions scenario compared with an increase of 172% (5-95 range of 156-188%) under a very high SSP5-8.5 emissions scenario, relative to preindustrial conditions.
California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years , leading to substantial loss of life and property . Some portion of the change in wildfire behaviour is attributable to anthropogenic climate warming, but formally quantifying this contribution is difficult because of numerous confounding factors and because wildfires are below the grid scale of global climate models. Here we use machine learning to quantify empirical relationships between temperature (as well as the influence of temperature on aridity) and the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth (>10,000 acres) in California and find that the influence of temperature on the risk is primarily mediated through its influence on fuel moisture. We use the uncovered relationships to estimate the changes in extreme daily wildfire growth risk under anthropogenic warming by subjecting historical fires from 2003 to 2020 to differing background climatological temperatures and aridity conditions. We find that the influence of anthropogenic warming on the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth varies appreciably on a fire-by-fire and day-by-day basis, depending on whether or not climate warming pushes conditions over certain thresholds of aridity, such as 1.5 kPa of vapour-pressure deficit and 10% dead fuel moisture. So far, anthropogenic warming has enhanced the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth by 25% (5-95 range of 14-36%), on average, relative to preindustrial conditions. But for some fires, there was approximately no change, and for other fires, the enhancement has been as much as 461%. When historical fires are subjected to a range of projected end-of-century conditions, the aggregate expected frequency of extreme daily wildfire growth events increases by 59% (5-95 range of 47-71%) under a low SSP1-2.6 emissions scenario compared with an increase of 172% (5-95 range of 156-188%) under a very high SSP5-8.5 emissions scenario, relative to preindustrial conditions.
Author Hanley, Holt
Kochanski, Adam K.
Clements, Craig B.
Davis, Steven J.
Mahesh, Ankur
Brown, Patrick T.
Reed, Colorado
Strenfel, Scott J.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Patrick T.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5058-1718
  surname: Brown
  fullname: Brown, Patrick T.
  email: Patrick@thebreakthrough.org
  organization: Climate and Energy Team, The Breakthrough Institute, Wildfire Interdisciplinary Research Center (WIRC), San José State University, Energy Policy and Climate Program, Johns Hopkins University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Holt
  surname: Hanley
  fullname: Hanley, Holt
  organization: Wildfire Interdisciplinary Research Center (WIRC), San José State University, Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, San José State University, KSBW News
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ankur
  surname: Mahesh
  fullname: Mahesh, Ankur
  organization: Climate and Ecosystems Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Colorado
  surname: Reed
  fullname: Reed, Colorado
  organization: Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Scott J.
  surname: Strenfel
  fullname: Strenfel, Scott J.
  organization: Pacific Gas and Electric Company
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  givenname: Steven J.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9338-0844
  surname: Davis
  fullname: Davis, Steven J.
  organization: Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Adam K.
  surname: Kochanski
  fullname: Kochanski, Adam K.
  organization: Wildfire Interdisciplinary Research Center (WIRC), San José State University, Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, San José State University
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Craig B.
  surname: Clements
  fullname: Clements, Craig B.
  organization: Wildfire Interdisciplinary Research Center (WIRC), San José State University, Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, San José State University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37648863$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 28, 2023
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
– notice: 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
– notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 28, 2023
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DOI 10.1038/s41586-023-06444-3
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Snippet California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years 1 – 3 , leading to substantial loss of life and property 4 , 5 . Some portion of...
California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years , leading to substantial loss of life and property . Some portion of the change...
California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years13, leading to substantial loss of life and property45. Some portion ofthe change...
California has experienced enhanced extreme wildfire behaviour in recent years1-3, leading to substantial loss of life and property4,5. Some portion of the...
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SubjectTerms 704/106/694/2786
704/106/694/674
Anthropogenic factors
Aridity
California
Climate change
Climate Models
Climatic extremes
Droughts - statistics & numerical data
Emissions
Forest & brush fires
Fuels
Global climate
Global climate models
Global warming
Global Warming - statistics & numerical data
Greenhouse gases
Human Activities
Human influences
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Humidity
Machine Learning
Moisture
multidisciplinary
Physics
Risk
Risk Assessment
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Temperature
Variables
Wildfires
Wildfires - statistics & numerical data
Title Climate warming increases extreme daily wildfire growth risk in California
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