Numerical simulation and dimension reduction analysis of electromagnetic logging while drilling of horizontal wells in complex structures

Electromagnetic logging while drilling (LWD) is one of the key technologies of the geosteering and formation evaluation for high-angle and horizontal wells. In this paper, we solve the dipole source-generated magnetic/electric fields in 2D formations efficiently by the 2.5D finite difference method....

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Published in:Petroleum science Vol. 17; no. 3; pp. 645 - 657
Main Authors: Wu, Zhen-Guan, Deng, Shao-Gui, He, Xu-Quan, Zhang, Runren, Fan, Yi-Ren, Yuan, Xi-Yong, Wu, Yi-Zhi, Liu, Qing Huo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Beijing China University of Petroleum (Beijing) 01.06.2020
KeAi Publishing Communications Ltd
Subjects:
Algorithms
Attenuation
Computer simulation
Dimensions
Dipoles
Drilling
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Economics and Management
Electric fields
Energy Policy
Fast Fourier transformations
Feasibility
Feasibility studies
Finite difference method
Formations
Fourier transforms
Horizontal wells
Industrial and Production Engineering
Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Mathematical models
Mineral Resources
One dimensional models
Original Paper
Quadratures
Reduction
Rock properties
Sandstone
Sedimentary rocks
Complex formation structures
2.5D algorithm
Horizontal wells
Model simplification
Electromagnetic logging while drilling
ISSN:1672-5107, 1995-8226
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Electromagnetic logging while drilling (LWD) is one of the key technologies of the geosteering and formation evaluation for high-angle and horizontal wells. In this paper, we solve the dipole source-generated magnetic/electric fields in 2D formations efficiently by the 2.5D finite difference method. Particularly, by leveraging the field’s rapid attenuation in spectral domain, we propose truncated Gauss–Hermite quadrature, which is several tens of times faster than traditional inverse fast Fourier transform. By applying the algorithm to the LWD modeling under complex formations, e.g., folds, fault and sandstone pinch-outs, we analyze the feasibility of the dimension reduction from 2D to 1D. For the formations with smooth lateral changes, like folds, the simplified 1D model’s results agree well with the true responses, which indicate that the 1D simplification with sliding window is feasible. However, for the formation structures with drastic rock properties changes and sharp boundaries, for instance, faults and sandstone pinch-outs, the simplified 1D model will lead to large errors and, therefore, 2.5D algorithms should be applied to ensure the accuracy.
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ISSN:1672-5107
1995-8226
DOI:10.1007/s12182-020-00444-y