Optimizing groundwater development strategies by genetic algorithm: a case study for balancing the needs for agricultural irrigation and environmental protection in northern China

Gaoqing Plain is a major agriculture center of Shandong Province in northern China. Over the last 30 years, the diversion of Yellow River water for intensive irrigation in Gaoqing Plain has led to elevation of the water table and increased evaporation, and subsequently, a dramatic increase in salt c...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Hydrogeology journal Jg. 15; H. 7; S. 1265 - 1278
Hauptverfasser:	Wu, Jianfeng, Zheng, Li, Liu, Depeng
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Heidelberg Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag 01.11.2007 Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:	Algorithms case studies China Crop production Development strategies Economic development Engineering drawings Environment models Environmental impact Environmental protection Environmental quality Error analysis Evaporation Genetic algorithms Groundwater groundwater extraction Groundwater irrigation Groundwater potential Groundwater quality Groundwater recharge/water budget Groundwater table irrigated farming Irrigation Irrigation water Optimization models Over-abstraction River water Rivers Simulation-optimization model soil degradation soil salts Soil water Studies Water table Yellow River Yellow River China China, People's Rep., Shandong Prov China, People's Rep., Huang He R
ISSN:	1431-2174, 1435-0157
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Abstract	Gaoqing Plain is a major agriculture center of Shandong Province in northern China. Over the last 30 years, the diversion of Yellow River water for intensive irrigation in Gaoqing Plain has led to elevation of the water table and increased evaporation, and subsequently, a dramatic increase in salt content in soil and rapid degradation of crop productivity. Optimal strategies have been explored, that will balance the need to extract sufficient groundwater for irrigation (to ease the pressure on diverting Yellow River water) with the need to improve the local environment by appropriately lowering the water table. Two simulation-optimization models have been formulated and a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to search for the optimal groundwater development strategies in Gaoqing Plain, while keeping the adverse environmental impacts in check. Compared with the trial-and-error approach of previous studies, the optimization results demonstrate that using an optimization model coupled with a GA search is both effective and efficient. The optimal solutions identified by the GA will provide Gaoqing Plain with the blueprints for developing sustainable groundwater abstraction plans to support local economic development and improve its environmental quality.
AbstractList	Gaoqing Plain is a major agriculture center of Shandong Province in northern China. Over the last 30 years, the diversion of Yellow River water for intensive irrigation in Gaoqing Plain has led to elevation of the water table and increased evaporation, and subsequently, a dramatic increase in salt content in soil and rapid degradation of crop productivity. Optimal strategies have been explored, that will balance the need to extract sufficient groundwater for irrigation (to ease the pressure on diverting Yellow River water) with the need to improve the local environment by appropriately lowering the water table. Two simulation-optimization models have been formulated and a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to search for the optimal groundwater development strategies in Gaoqing Plain, while keeping the adverse environmental impacts in check. Compared with the trial- and-error approach of previous studies, the optimization results demonstrate that using an optimization model coupled with a GA search is both effective and efficient. The optimal solutions identified by the GA will provide Gaoqing Plain with the blueprints for developing sustainable groundwater abstraction plans to support local economic development and improve its environmental quality.Original Abstract: la Llanura de Gaoqing es un centro de agricultura muy importante de la Provincia de Shandong en China nortena. Durante los ultimos 30 anos, la desviacion de agua del Rio Amarillo para la irrigacion intensiva en la Llanura de Gaoqing, ha llevado a la elevacion del nivel freatico y esto ha incrementado la evaporacion, y como consecuencia, esto resulto en un aumento dramatico en el contenido de sal en el suelo y en la degradacion rapida de productividad de las cosechas. Se han explorado las mejores estrategias, tal que equilibren la necesidad de extraer el agua subterranea suficiente para la irrigacion (para aliviar la presion en desviar el agua del Rio Amarillo), con la necesidad de mejorar el ambiente local bajando el nivel freatico apropiadamente. Se han formulado dos modelos de simulacion-optimizacion y un algoritmo genetico (GA) se aplica para buscar las estrategias de desarrollo optimas del agua subterranea en la Llanura de Gaoqing, mientras se mantienen los impactos medioambientales adversos bajo observacion. En comparacion con las tecnicas de ensayo-y-error de estudios anteriores, los resultados de esta optimizacion demuestran que usando un modelo de optimizacion acoplado con una busqueda mediante GA, es tanto eficaz como eficiente. Las soluciones optimas identificadas por el GA, proporcionaran las bases para desarrollar los planes de extraccion sustentable del agua subterranea en las llanuras de Gaoqing, los cuales daran apoyo al desarrollo economico local y mejoraran su calidad medioambiental. Gaoqing Plain is a major agriculture center of Shandong Province in northern China. Over the last 30 years, the diversion of Yellow River water for intensive irrigation in Gaoqing Plain has led to elevation of the water table and increased evaporation, and subsequently, a dramatic increase in salt content in soil and rapid degradation of crop productivity. Optimal strategies have been explored, that will balance the need to extract sufficient groundwater for irrigation (to ease the pressure on diverting Yellow River water) with the need to improve the local environment by appropriately lowering the water table. Two simulation-optimization models have been formulated and a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to search for the optimal groundwater development strategies in Gaoqing Plain, while keeping the adverse environmental impacts in check. Compared with the trial-and-error approach of previous studies, the optimization results demonstrate that using an optimization model coupled with a GA search is both effective and efficient. The optimal solutions identified by the GA will provide Gaoqing Plain with the blueprints for developing sustainable groundwater abstraction plans to support local economic development and improve its environmental quality.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Gaoqing Plain is a major agriculture center of Shandong Province in northern China. Over the last 30 years, the diversion of Yellow River water for intensive irrigation in Gaoqing Plain has led to elevation of the water table and increased evaporation, and subsequently, a dramatic increase in salt content in soil and rapid degradation of crop productivity. Optimal strategies have been explored, that will balance the need to extract sufficient groundwater for irrigation (to ease the pressure on diverting Yellow River water) with the need to improve the local environment by appropriately lowering the water table. Two simulation-optimization models have been formulated and a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to search for the optimal groundwater development strategies in Gaoqing Plain, while keeping the adverse environmental impacts in check. Compared with the trial-and-error approach of previous studies, the optimization results demonstrate that using an optimization model coupled with a GA search is both effective and efficient. The optimal solutions identified by the GA will provide Gaoqing Plain with the blueprints for developing sustainable groundwater abstraction plans to support local economic development and improve its environmental quality.
Author	Liu, Depeng Wu, Jianfeng Zheng, Li
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Snippet	Gaoqing Plain is a major agriculture center of Shandong Province in northern China. Over the last 30 years, the diversion of Yellow River water for intensive...
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms case studies China Crop production Development strategies Economic development Engineering drawings Environment models Environmental impact Environmental protection Environmental quality Error analysis Evaporation Genetic algorithms Groundwater groundwater extraction Groundwater irrigation Groundwater potential Groundwater quality Groundwater recharge/water budget Groundwater table irrigated farming Irrigation Irrigation water Optimization models Over-abstraction River water Rivers Simulation-optimization model soil degradation soil salts Soil water Studies Water table Yellow River
Title	Optimizing groundwater development strategies by genetic algorithm: a case study for balancing the needs for agricultural irrigation and environmental protection in northern China
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