Simultaneous identification of groundwater contaminant source and simulation model parameters based on an ensemble Kalman filter – Adaptive step length ant colony optimization algorithm

•Construct an EnKF-ASACO algorithm to identify the pollution source characteristics and simulation model parameters simultaneously.•Adopt the EnKF algorithm to provide an initial point for the ASACO algorithm.•Improve the previous ACO algorithm by the adaptive step length search strategy.•Embed the...

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